籼型杂交水稻抗褐飞虱育种研究

 对80份籼型杂交水稻恢复系的抗褐飞虱特性鉴定表明,30份材料对褐飞虱抗性达中抗以上水平,其中12份材料的持抗性优于ASD7。将这12份材料的抗级为0～3级、持抗期≥7 d的优质抗性材料归为一级抗性材料。经杂种优势的测定、外观米质评价、白叶枯病和稻瘟病抗性鉴定,筛选出对两病一虫达中抗水平,与协青早A的杂种产量比对照汕优10号增产12.9%的杂交水稻新恢复系埃红/台1059;以及高抗褐飞虱、高抗稻瘟病、中抗白叶枯病且外观米质极好的恢复系LS2/密阳46。     

水稻抗褐飞虱新基因

对某些水稻品种进行抗褐飞虱遗传研究,发现了以往尚未鉴定过的抗性基因。等位性测验表明,泰国品种‘Col 5’和‘Col 11’以及缅甸品种‘Chin‘Saba’的抗性是由一对和隐性基因控制,定名为bph8(t),斯里兰卡品种‘Balamawee’,Kaharamana’和‘Pokkali’的抗性是由一对显性基因控制,定名为Bph9(t)。     

野生稻抗褐飞虱鉴定研究

１０２６份野生稻对褐飞虱的抗性鉴定结果，０￣３级有１３份，占１．２７％；５级１２１份，占１１．７９％；ＣＮＷ００３、ＷＹＤ１７０ＣＹＷ３３、０５８５、０６５１表现抗褐飞虱。其中ＣＮＷ００３兼抗褐飞虱、稻瘟病和白叶枯病。     

聚合白背飞虱和褐飞虱抗性基因创制杂交水稻恢复系

【目的】为了创制兼抗白背飞虱和褐飞虱的水稻恢复系,【方法】分别以抗褐飞虱材料B5(携带褐飞虱抗性基因Bph14和Bph15)及携带白背飞虱抗性位点qsI-4的籼型恢复系福恢7011为供体亲本,以骨干恢复系福恢676为轮回亲本,应用低世代分离群体田间表型结合单株鉴定与高世代稳定株系室内筛选和分子标记辅助选择相结合的方法,并对抗虫株系及其测交后代进行考查和农艺性状分析。【结果】选育出聚合Bph14、Bph15和qsI-4的恢复系材料3份,携带2个抗虫基因的恢复系材料3份。其中6份恢复系的褐飞虱抗性鉴定结果均表现中抗以上。通过抗性鉴定和杂交后代农艺性状分析筛选出具有生产应用潜力的恢复系材料2份。【结论】为褐飞虱和白背飞虱抗性聚合新种质的创制和应用提供了基础材料。     

褐飞虱近似种伪褐飞虱和拟褐飞虱的寄主植物

 通过室内笼罩饲养法观察了褐飞虱\[Nilaparvata lugens (Stl)\]的两种同属近似种伪褐飞虱(N. muiri China)和拟褐飞虱\[N. bakeri (Muir)\]在水稻、游草\[Leersia hexandra (李氏禾)\]、秕谷草(L. sayanuka)等禾本科常见作物或杂草上的成虫繁殖力、卵和若虫发育情况。结果表明,伪褐飞虱、拟褐飞虱的适宜寄主不同于褐飞虱,前两者为游草和秕谷草,褐飞虱则为水稻。水稻上的伪褐飞虱和拟褐飞虱均能完成世代发育,但种群趋势指数分别仅0.2和0.02,不能持续繁衍。3种褐飞虱的繁衍能力有明显差别,褐飞虱明显高于伪褐飞虱和拟褐飞虱,三者的最高种群趋势指数分别为水稻上褐飞虱的333.82、秕谷草上伪褐飞虱的82.06和游草上拟褐飞虱的39.28。     

温度对水稻抗褐飞虱特性的影响

 为研究温度对水稻抗褐飞虱特性的影响,于2007年和2008年应用苗期集团筛选法（SSST）在杭州地区的自然条件下测定了抗性水稻品种IR26和IR36对田间褐飞虱的抗性,同时比较了不同温度（22℃、25℃、28℃、31℃和34℃）下IR26和IR36对褐飞虱的抗性、可溶性糖和草酸含量的变化。自然条件下,IR26已完全失去对杭州种群褐飞虱的抗性,而IR36仍具中等抗性。在25℃到34℃的范围内随着温度升高,IR26对褐飞虱抗性减弱,但22℃条件下抗性比25℃更弱。IR36在温度升高的条件下对褐飞虱的抗性总体呈降低趋势,在31℃和34℃下也已完全失去对褐飞虱的抗性。在22~25℃条件下,IR26和IR36的持抗期均在25℃下最长,分别为9 d和11 d。3个品种稻株中的可溶性糖含量均随温度升高而增加,而草酸含量则随温度升高先增加后下降,在25℃时为最大值。不同温度下及不同水稻品种之间稻株内可溶性糖和草酸的含量均有显著差异。     

水稻抗褐飞虱基因研究进展与展望

褐飞虱严重影响水稻的产量和品质,抗虫品种的培育和种植是控制该虫害最安全有效的措施。水稻抗褐飞虱育种的关键是抗虫基因的发掘和合理利用。目前至少报道了34个褐飞虱抗性位点,其中28个主效抗性基因已被定位,显性基因Bph3、Bph14和Bph26已被成功克隆。介绍了水稻褐飞虱的生物型及抗性机理、褐飞虱抗性基因定位与克隆及抗虫基因在育种上的应用,并对水稻褐飞虱抗性育种面临的问题和应用前景进行了讨论。     

聚合白背飞虱和褐飞虱抗性基因创制杂交水稻恢复系

【目的】为了创制兼抗白背飞虱和褐飞虱的水稻恢复系，【方法】分别以抗褐飞虱材料B5（携带褐飞虱抗性基因Bph14和Bph15）及携带白背飞虱抗性位点qsI-4的籼型恢复系福恢7011为供体亲本，以骨干恢复系福恢676为轮回亲本，应用低世代分离群体田间表型结合单株鉴定与高世代稳定株系室内筛选和分子标记辅助选择相结合的方法，并对抗虫株系及其测交后代进行考查和农艺性状分析。【结果】选育出聚合Bph14、Bph15 和qsI-4的恢复系材料3份，携带2个抗虫基因的恢复系材料3份。其中6份恢复系的褐飞虱抗性鉴定结果均表现中抗以上。通过抗性鉴定和杂交后代农艺性状分析筛选出具有生产应用潜力的恢复系材料2份。【结论】为褐飞虱和白背飞虱抗性聚合新种质的创制和应用提供了基础材料。     

水稻抗性蛋白OsRRK1抗褐飞虱机理分析

目的 OsRRK1（Rop-interacting receptor-like kinase 1）蛋白是水稻中第一个被研究的类胞质受体激酶RLCKⅥ家族蛋白。在调控水稻叶片的卷曲和对褐飞虱的防御中都起着重要作用,但是其调控机理尚不清楚。本研究试图进一步探究OsRRK1基因抗褐飞虱的机理。方法 利用酵母双杂交的方法分析OsRRK1蛋白与OsLecRK（lectin-like receptor kinase）、OsLecRK1、OsLecRK2、OsLecRK3的互作关系,OsLecRK是抗褐飞虱基因BPH15区间的候选基因,是水稻先天免疫系统中一个重要成员,既参与水稻先天免疫反应,包括对褐飞虱、白叶枯病和稻瘟病的抗性,又参与水稻的发育过程。OsLecRK1、OsLecRK2、OsLecRK3的基因簇组成抗褐飞虱基因BPH3,含BPH3基因的水稻具有广谱、持久的抗虫性。同时利用DNAMAN软件分析OsLecRK蛋白与OsLecRK1、OsLecRK2、OsLecRK3的同源性。结果 DNAMAN的分析结果显示OsLecRK与OsLecRK1、OsLecRK2、OsLecRK3的同源性都很高,蛋白一致性在50%以上;酵母双杂交结果显示OsRRK1与OsLecRK、OsLecRK2和OsLecRK3互作。结论 OsRRK1通过与抗褐飞虱基因BPH15和BPH3候选基因的相互作用参与水稻抗褐飞虱过程。     

1986—1989年杂交稻种质资源抗褐飞虱鉴定研究

褐飞虱(Nilaparuata Lagens　stal)是我省水稻上的大害虫,亦为我国南方稻区及东南亚国家的主要害虫。特别从杂交水稻大面积推广后,高群体栽培,田间小气候更宜稻飞虱的繁殖。实践证明,栽培抗性品种,是经济有效的防治褐飞虱的主要措施之一。因此,我们从1986年开始进行了杂交水稻“三系”资源抗褐飞虱的鉴定研究,至1989年共鉴定2429份材料,表现高抗—一中抗( 0～3级)的材料为400份,占16.47%,为选育杂交水稻抗褐飞虱的新组合,提供可靠的科学依据。 一、试验技料与方法一,—,- (一)供试品种:由湖南杂交水稻研究中心资源室提供,其中恢复系2041份,…     

Donors for Resistance to Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) from Wild Rice Species

Out of 1 989 wild accessions sown in seed boxes for screening, only 1 003 wild accessions with good germination were screened against brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) under greenhouse conditions. The collection comprised of accessions from 11 wild species and African cultivated rice. The germplasm was screened for BPH following standard seed box screening technique in the greenhouse. As many as 159 accessions were identified as resistant during the year 2012 based on one year screening. A selected set of BPH resistant accessions were screened again during 2013. Based on the two years screening, seven accessions of O. nivara (AA), one accession of O. officinalis (CC), seven accessions of O. australiensis (EE), five accessions of O. punctata (BB and BBCC) and nine accessions of O. latifolia (CCDD) were confirmed to be resistant to BPH. So far no BPH resistance genes have been identified and designated from O. nivara and O. punctata, hence these may act as new sources of resistance.     

稻株中抗原次生物质含量变化及其对水稻褐飞虱抗性的影响

 对影响水稻对褐飞虱生物型Ⅱ抗性水平的主要抗原次生化合物，即HPLC谱图中的4个谱峰（峰1、峰2、峰8、峰12）对应的次生化合物的含量变化及其对抗性的影响进行了研究。结果表明，某些品种不同苗龄稻株对褐飞虱生物型Ⅱ的抗性差异，极可能就是这4个相关抗原次生化合物在不同生育期的含量变化所致；与水稻植株其他部位相比，这4种抗原次生物质在叶鞘中的含量最低。这也许是褐飞虱喜欢聚集在叶鞘部位取食的化学因素之一。     

Content Variations of the Secondary Compounds in Rice Plants and Their Influence on Rice Resistance to Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (St?l), is a monophagous pest that feeds only on rice, and sucks the juice from the phloem resulting in drying of the leaves and wilting of the tillers, causing ‘hopper burn’, as well as being an important…     

Understanding Brown Planthopper Resistance in Rice: Genetics,Biochemical and Molecular Breeding Approaches

Brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is the most devastating pest of rice in Asia and causes significant yield loss annually. Around 37 BPH resistance genes have been identified so far in indica, African rice varieties along with wild germplasms such as Oryza officinalis, O. minuta, O. nivara, O. punctata, O. rufipogon and O. latifolia. Genes/QTLs involved in BPH resistance, including Bph1, bph2/BPH26, Bph3, Bph6, bph7, BPH9, Bph12, Bph14, Bph15, Bph17, BPH18, bph19, Bph20, Bph21(t), Bph27, Bph27(t), Bph28(t), BPH29, QBph3, QBph4, QBph4.2, Bph30, Bph32, Bph33, Bph35 and Bph36, have been fine-mapped by different researchers across the globe. The majority of genes/QTLs are located on rice chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 6, 11 and 12. Rice plants respond to BPH attack by releasing various endogenous metabolites like proteinase inhibitors, callose, secondary metabolites (terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoid, etc.) and volatile compounds. Besides that, hormonal signal pathways mediating (antagonistic/synergistic) resistance responses in rice have been well studied. Marker-assisted breeding and genome editing techniques can also be adopted for improving resistance to novel BPH biotypes.     

两个水稻抗褐飞虱隐性基因的遗传分析与初步定位

选用抗褐飞虱的海南普通野生稻渗入系WB01与感虫品种9311杂交,构建F2群体。采用141个具有多态性的SSR标记对303个F2:3株系进行分析,并应用MapMaker/EXP3.0和Windows QTL Cartographer2.0对水稻抗褐飞虱的数量性状基因座进行检测和遗传效应分析。共检测到2个抗性QTL,分别位于第4和第8染色体上,LOD值分别为2.92和3.15,贡献率分别为11.3%和14.9%。     

Identification of Major Locus Bph35 Resistance to Brown Planthopper in Rice

An introgression line RBPH660, derived from wild rice Oryza rufipogon, showed stable resistance to brown planthopper(BPH). Segregation analysis indicated BPH resistance of RBPH660 was controlled by multiple genes/QTLs. By using the bulked segregant analysis(BSA)-seq method, two genomic regions harboring QTLs resistance to BPH were identified from 1.20 to 16.70 Mb on chromosome 4 and from 10.20 to 12.60 Mb on chromosome 9 in RBPH660, respectively. A major resistance locus, designated as Bph35 accounting for 51.27% of the phenotypic variation with a LOD score of 42.51, was mapped to the candidate region of chromosome 4 between In Del(insertion-deletion) markers PSM16 and R4 M13. For fine mapping of Bph35, one simple sequence repeat and three newly developed In Del markers were used to screen the recombinants. Finally, the Bph35 locus was delimited in the region from 6.28 to 6.93 Mb and there were 18 predicted protein-encoding genes with a total of 114 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) variant sites between the resistant and susceptible parents. Out of these genes, Os04 g0193950, encoding a putative NB-ARC(nucleotidebinding adaptor shared by APAF-1, R proteins and CED-4) and LRR(leucine-rich repeat) domain protein with nine non-synonymous SNP substitutions in its coding sequence regions, might be the candidate gene for Bph35. These findings would facilitate the map-based cloning of the Bph35 gene and development of resistant varieties against BPH in rice.     

广谱抗稻瘟病种质75-1-127的褐飞虱抗性基因鉴定及分子标记辅助选择育种

【目的】水稻品系75-1-127携带广谱抗稻瘟病基因Pi9,已被广泛应用于抗稻瘟病水稻品种改良。笔者育种实践发现75-1-127表现出较强的褐飞虱抗性,因此鉴定该品系中的褐飞虱抗性基因并进行分子辅助选择育种。【方法】根据水稻品系B5中褐飞虱抗性基因Bph14和Bph15的序列,设计引物扩增75-1-127的基因组DNA,并对PCR产物进行测序分析。采用苗期集团法鉴定了75-1-127和B5的褐飞虱抗性表型。利用与Bph14与Bph15连锁的分子标记筛查了75-1-127为稻瘟病抗源回交转育的两系不育系后代,并鉴定了这些后代的稻瘟病抗性、褐飞虱抗性和主要农艺性状。【结果】75-1-127中含有与B5完全一致的Bph14和Bph15序列。75-1-127和B5苗期褐飞虱抗性均为1级。在以75-1-127为抗源改良的两系不育系中,携带Bph14、Bph15的单基因系或双基因系的褐飞虱抗性均得以改良,其中双基因聚合系的死苗率为8.5%,与供体亲本75-1-127以及阳性对照B5差异不显著,进一步证实75-1-127含有褐飞虱抗性基因。【结论】水稻品系75-1-127携带褐飞虱抗性基因Bph14和Bph15,可以作为抗源应用于水稻褐飞虱抗性育种。