不同浓度NaCl对红砂种子萌发的影响分析

利用10个浓度梯度(0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%、3.5%、4.0%、4.5%、5.0%)氯化钠溶液对红砂种子进行处理,对种子萌发的相关指标进行分析。结果表明,红砂种子在1.0%的NaCl溶液处理下发芽率、发芽势和平均发芽率均达到最大值。当NaCl溶液浓度大于1.0%时,发芽率、发芽势和平均发芽率均随着盐浓度的上升而下降。发芽总时间和平均发芽天数则受浓度变化的影响较小。平均发芽天数基本上呈现平缓的走势,而发芽总时间则在浓度大于3.5%的NaCl溶液中呈现下降的趋势。试验结果为提高红砂的抗旱及耐盐碱性提供了重要依据。     

不同浓度NaCl处理对甘草叶片生理特性的影响

为了研究甘草的抗盐生理特性,对一年生盆栽甘草移栽苗进行不同浓度（0％、0．3％、0．6％、0。8％）的NaCl盐溶液浇灌处理,测定甘草叶内可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸（Pro）、丙二醛（MDA）的含量及超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性的变化。结果表明,0．3％、0.6％浓度NaCl处理下可溶性糖和Pro含量显著高于0％处理（CK）,第45天,0.3％、0.6％NaCl处理叶片可溶性糖含量分别比对照增加了23．2％、67．2％,Pro含量增加了135．9和190.5％,处理30d随盐浓度的增加可溶性蛋白含量显著低于对照,MDA含量显著高于对照,整个处理期间,0．3％、0．6％处理的SOD、POD活性均高于对照;0．8％浓度下甘草干枯死亡。说明0-0．6％浓度NaCl是甘草正常生长的阈值,在受到盐胁迫时,通过保护酶及渗透调节物质的协调作用维持正常生长。     

磁化NaCl胁迫溶液对水稻种子萌发的影响

研究磁化强度对NaCl胁迫下水稻种子萌发和幼苗生理的影响。方法：用不同强度的磁化NaCl胁迫溶液浸种并喷洒水稻种子及幼苗,测定种子的发芽指标和幼苗的生理指标。实验结果表明：经0.05T的磁化强度处理后,与对照相比,水稻种子萌发的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和幼苗中可溶性糖含量有明显提高,达到显著性差异水平;溶液经不同磁化处理后,过氧化物酶活性增强,表现为酶带增多,酶带加粗;对酯酶同工酶影响不太明显。结论：研究表明一定强度的磁化处理可以提高盐胁迫下水稻种子的萌发能力和幼苗的抗盐能力。     

不同NaCl浓度对赤小豆和红豆发芽及幼苗生长的影响

通过研究不同浓度NaCl溶液对赤小豆和红豆种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,探讨赤小豆和红豆的耐盐能力。结果表明:随着NaCl浓度升高,赤小豆和红豆的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、耐盐指数均显著降低,等浓度NaCl处理下,红豆的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、耐盐指数均较赤小豆高,且萌发抑制率相对较低。赤小豆与红豆幼苗根长、芽长和鲜重均显著降低,等浓度NaCl处理下,红豆幼苗的根长、芽长和鲜重指标均较赤小豆高。研究表明红豆比赤小豆耐盐性更强,更能在盐胁迫环境下生长。     

NaCl胁迫对玉米种子活力及幼苗性状的影响

为耐盐玉米筛选和鉴定提供参考,采用滤纸培养法,对4个玉米杂交组合进行不同浓度的NaCl胁迫处理,研究其发芽势、发芽率、种子活力、幼苗高度、幼苗鲜重、根长和根鲜重的变化。结果表明,4个玉米杂交组合的发芽势、发芽率、种子活力、幼苗高度、幼苗鲜重、根长和根鲜重在盐胁迫条件下随NaCl浓度增加均有下降,且各浓度较对照差异极显著;‘杂23’除根长外,其余5个性状的耐盐性分级均高于其他3个玉米杂交组合。各玉米杂交组合间、各性状间的耐盐表现差别很大,筛选和鉴定耐盐表现时要各种性状综合考虑。     

不同浓度NaCl胁迫对红桤木幼苗生长及部分生理指标的影响

在盆栽控盐的条件下,研究红桤木在0g/L,2 g/L,4 g/L和6 g/L的盐胁迫下生长量、生物量、叶绿素、POD、SOD等指标的动态变化过程。实验结果表明：随着盐胁迫程度的加重,红桤木的株高、生物量、根冠比、叶绿素含量都显著减少;2 g/L的盐胁迫对红桤木的影响与对照相比差异不显著,茎和叶生物量略高于对照,叶绿素含量在胁迫前期高于对照。在胁迫前期和中期POD、SOD活性随着胁迫的加重而上升;在盐处理后期,6 g/L的盐胁迫下的POD活性急速下降,2 g/L的盐胁迫下SOD和POD活性开始上升。     

不同浓度的鸡粪溶液对光合细菌生长的影响

本文探究了光合细菌能否在鸡粪溶液中生长以及其生长的最适鸡粪浓度。首先,把鸡粪处理成适合使用的溶液,按等差的方法配置成不同浓度培养基培养光合细菌并通过多种方法检验记录数据。根据前7天的数据对比分析显示,培养基浓度为18%和 20%之时光合细菌浓度分别为8.2×109个/mL和7.8×109个/mL差异不显著且明显高于鸡粪浓度为16%的组别,极高于对照组和鸡粪浓度为10%、12%、14%、20%、22%、24%的组别,在浓度为18%和20%的培养基中的菌落大小也是稍大于其他浓度的菌落大小。综上证明光合细菌可以在经过处理的鸡粪溶液中生长以及其最适合生长的鸡粪溶液的浓度在18%和20%左右。     

NaCl和KCl溶液康普顿散射的影响因素

自康普顿散射提出以来,其理论研究和应用研究一直是国内外的热点。基于NaCl和KCl溶液的康普顿散射,通过一定的近似处理,从理论上分析适合这两种溶液的康普顿散射光子数与溶液浓度之间的关系表达式;然后,通过康普顿散射实验验证康普顿散射的理论和实验研究。为了从更微观的角度来把握NaCl和KCl溶液康普顿散射的机理,笔者立足于密度泛函理论对NaCl与KCl溶液的电子结构作了深入分析,得出结论:除质量密度、散射衰减因子以及溶液的浓度外,电子数密度和电子受到的束缚也对康普顿散射光子数有影响,其中,电子数密度是影响NaCl与KCl溶液康普顿散射光子数的主要因素。     

NaCl胁迫对高粱不同器官离子含量的影响

在实验室沙培条件下, 研究了NaCl胁迫下高粱不同器官中Na+、 K+、 Ca 2+和Cl-含量的变化。 在中轻度胁迫下, 耐盐的独角虎和盐敏感的糖高粱根中Na ＋含量远高于各器官Na＋含量平均值。 在地上部分中, 叶鞘Na＋含量明显高于叶片 。 对独角虎而言, 成熟叶和生长叶叶片Na＋含量没有明显差异, 而成熟叶叶鞘Na＋ 含量略高于生     

不同消毒剂对玉米根系活力的影响

本试验通过大剂量液氯、四种消毒剂对玉米苗期根系活力的影响试验,得出结论：大剂量液氯对玉米根系具有毒害作用,显著降低根活性,小剂量液氯、二氧化氯、二氧化氯与液氯混合则对玉米根活性无明显影响,对根系活力有一些影响;液氯作消毒剂的最适投入量为8 mg/l,二氧化氯作消毒剂的最适投入量为6 mg/l,二氧化氯与液氯混合作消毒剂的最适投入量为（4＋2）mg/l。     

两种给药方式下伊维菌素在虹鳟体内的药物代谢动力学研究

研究旨在通过口灌和腹腔注射两种给药方式,研究伊维菌素在虹鳟体内的药动学特征。采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法（HPLC-UV）研究了以0.3 mg/kg剂量分别单次口灌和腹腔注射伊维菌素后,药物在虹鳟体内的药代动力学特征。结果表明：口灌给药方式下,伊维菌素在虹鳟血浆、肌肉中的药物浓度和时间关系符合一级吸收二室开放模型,而在肝脏、肾脏中符合一级吸收一室开放模型;腹腔注射给药方式下,伊维菌素在虹鳟血浆、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中的药时关系均符合一级吸收一室开放模型。口灌给药后,伊维菌素在血浆中主要的药动学参数：AUC为123.709 mg/(L?h)、Ka为3.749 h^-1、t_1/2ke为 466.569 h、T_max为0.454 h、C_max为0.319 mg/L。腹腔注射给药后,伊维菌素在血浆中主要的药动学参数：AUC为52.560 mg/(L?h)、Ka为5.033 h^-1、t_1/2ke为103.236 h、T_max为1.317 h、C_max为0.350 mg/L。说明在两种给药方式下,伊维菌素在虹鳟体内的药动学特征存在明显的差异,伊维菌素在腹腔注射给药方式下吸收和消除速率均较口灌给要快。     

金鳟受精卵孵化期间水霉病防治药物的筛选

为了筛选金鳟受精卵孵化期间水霉感染的有效防治药物,比较研究了2种自组中药复方（A和B）及2种化学除菌剂（过氧乙酸和过氧化氢,C和D）三种消毒浓度下的作用效果。将金鳟发眼卵随机分为13组,每组2个平行,每个平行1000粒卵,选取适当的高、中、低浓度对鱼卵进行浸泡消毒,每天1次,每次持续35 min,每日消毒前进行活卵、死卵（霉菌感染死亡及其他原因死亡）计数,实验结束后,对每组存活发眼卵进行计数。结果表明：本实验所选用的2种自组中药复方和2种化药除菌剂对金鳟受精卵孵化期间水霉病的防治均有一定效果,且表现出一定的浓度相关性。经筛选,B中剂量组、C中剂量组和D高剂量组效果最为显著,但是考虑化药后期残留及对发眼卵的潜在危害,建议选择中药复方B进行金鳟受精卵水霉病防治,以进一步实现健康绿色养殖。选用中药复方B进行消毒时,应严格保证其消毒浓度及作用时间,以确保较好的消毒效果。     

虹鳟Hepcidin cDNA的克隆及序列分析

为了从虹鳟肝脏中扩增出Hepcidinc全长DNA序列,预测出氨基酸序列,并进行序列分析。通过RT-PCR和RACEPCR的方法,从虹鳟肝脏中克隆获得了Hepcidin全长cDNA序列,利用在线工具和软件包分析。结果表明:虹鳟Hepcidin全长cDNA序列(GenBank登录号HQ711993)为883bp,5’端非翻译区211bp,3’端非翻译区为405bp,以及一段267bp的编码序列,编码88个氨基酸,由信号肽(24个氨基酸)、原肽(39个氨基酸)和成熟肽(25个氨基酸)组成,成熟肽C端含有Hepcidin类抗菌肽的8个半胱氨酸保守性结构,可形成4个分子内二硫键。与已报道的鲑形目大西洋鲑Hepcidin氨基酸序列的一致性为93%,与其他鱼类Hepcidin氨基酸序列的一致性为44%~88%,是Hepcidin家族的新成员。     

Effect of Sodium Chloride Salinity on Seedling Emergence in Chickpea

Although laboratory (Petri dish) germination as an estimate of seed viability is a standard practice, it may not give an accurate prediction of seedling emergence in the field, especially when saline irrigation water is used. Experiments were conducted to investigate seedling emergence in two chickpea cultivars (ILC 482 and Barka local) in response to varied salinity levels and sowing depths. Seeds were sown in potted soil at a depth of 2, 4 or 6 cm. The salinity treatments were 4.6, 8.4 and 12.2 dS m^–1. Tap water (0.8 dS m^–1) served as the control. Depth of sowing had a significant effect on seedling emergence. Seeds sown 6 cm deep showed the lowest seedling emergence. Similarly, salinity had an adverse effect on seedling emergence. The lowest seedling emergence percentages were obtained at the highest salinity treatment (12.2 dS m^–1). The interaction between salinity treatment and seeding depth was significant. Hypocotyl injury was implicated as a possible cause of poor seedling emergence in chickpea under saline water irrigation and was less severe when pre-germinated seeds were used. ILC 482 appeared to be more tolerant to salinity than Barka local, suggesting that breeding programmes involving regional exchange of germplasm may be helpful.     

Effect of Sodium Chloride on Germination and Seedling Characters of Different Types of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The rice eultivars grown in the tropies and sub-tropics can be broadly categorized as aromatic small grain, local coarse grain and modern high yielding varieties (HYV). The first two categories are traditional rice, and are generally palatable. The aromatic rice has better market value than HYV rice, yet farmers are unwilling to expand its cultivation because of the low yield potential. One possibility to expand the cultivation of traditional rice is o t find stress tolerant cultivars for growing in marginal land. The salinity tolerance of nine rice cultivars representing three from each type of aromatic small grains, local coarse grains and HYV types, was analysed at germination and early seedling stage. Seeds were placed for germination and the seedlings were allowed to grow for nine days at NaCl concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM. NaCl decreased the germination index (GI), speed of germination, seedling height and seedling dry matter weight. Seedling characteristics were decreased more than GI. In general aromatic small grain type showed more salt sensitivity than the other two types. Among the nine cultivars Shakkorkhora (aromatic type) showed the least salt tolerance in relation to germination and seedling characters while the other two cultivars of the same group showed tolerance as high as the tolerant cultivars in other types. Generalization of group salt tolerance of rice, therefore, has little value from the agronomic point of view at least at early growth stage. As the number of cultivars employed in this study was only three from each type it is suggested that more cultivars be considered for the purpose of salt tolerant improvement programme of various types of rice.     

不同盐度、碱度、pH值对瓦氏雅罗鱼精子活力及其受精率的影响

为了掌握瓦氏雅罗鱼精子活力及其受精率的最适盐度、碱度和pH的范围,通过设置不同NaCl盐度(1‰,2‰,3‰,4‰,5‰,6‰,7‰,8‰)、NaHCO3碱度(10,20,30,40,50,60,70 mmol/L)、pH值(5.0,5.5,6.0,6.5,7.0,7.5,8.0)梯度范围的溶液及淡水对照组(盐度0、碱...     

Effect of Sodium Chloride on Growth, Photosynthesis and Mineral Ions Accumulation of Different Types of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Growth, photosynthesis and mineral ions accumulation of aromatic small grain, local coarse grain and HYV types of rice were evaluated under saline conditions. Three cultivars from each type were subjected to 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mvi NaCl concentrations. After three weeks of 200 mvi NaCl application only Pokkali and Kalobail, both belonging to the local coarse grain type and IPK 37011 of the HYV type were able to survive. Plant height, green leaf area, leaf weight, shoot and root growth were seriously decreased by salinity. However, leaf area was decreased more than other growth parameters. In general aromatic small grain type showed higher salt-sensitiveness in relation to growth than other types of rice. Photosynthesis (Pn) was decreased by salinity and apparently stomatal resistance was partially responsible for the decreased Pn. Kalijira, an aromatic small grain eultivar, showed serious reduction in Pn, especially at the 150mM NaCl level. Na accumulation was increased while K accumulation was decreased by salinity in all types. Salt tolerant eultivars in all types of rice accumulated less Na and more K than susceptible ones. The K/Na ratio was also higher in tolerant eulti-vars. Ca and Mg eoncentrations were decreased by salinity although not all the eultivars showed clear accumulation patterns as observed for Na and K. As HYV and local coarse grain types of rice in general showed high salt tolerance, a comprehensive breeding programme should be of value for the improvement of salt tolerance of aromatic small grain rice which has a high demand in rice importing countries.     

NaCl对小麦幼苗生长分裂和遗传损伤的影响

研究NaCl浓度与小麦幼苗生长分裂的关系及对小麦幼苗的遗传损伤.实验结果表明:小麦幼苗生长在含NaCl的介质中,其幼苗生长被抑制,根尖细胞有丝分裂指数下降,幼苗的分裂指数、遗传损伤与盐浓度间有一定的线性关系.结果显示:有丝分裂指数与处理浓度间呈负相关.这表明:NaCl浓度高或作用时间延长时对小麦细胞具有遗传学毒性,小麦幼根细胞有丝分裂指数可以作为监测环境中NaCl含量的定量指标.     

氯化钠和氯化钙对玉米淀粉-瓜尔胶复配体系的影响

通过测定分析玉米淀粉-瓜尔胶复配体系在有无氯化钠和氯化钙存在条件下的糊化特性、动态与静态流变学特性,研究氯化钠和氯化钙对玉米淀粉-瓜尔胶复配体系的影响。结果表明,氯化钠和氯化钙的加入,提高了玉米淀粉-瓜尔胶复配体系的成糊温度,降低了崩解值和回升值,峰值黏度也略微下降;玉米淀粉-瓜尔胶复配体系的弹性模量G′值显著减小,黏性模量G″值的频率依赖性较大;氯化钠和氯化钙使玉米淀粉-瓜尔胶复配体系的假塑性增强,且氯化钙的作用大于氯化钠。     

大豆分离蛋白 麦芽糊精 NaCl和亲水胶体对羊肉持水性能的影响

研究了大豆分离蛋白、NaCl、麦芽糊精、注射型卡拉胶和海藻酸钠对羊肉持水性能和出成率的影响。采用L16(4)5正交实验得出最佳配比为(羊肉质量的百分数):大豆分离蛋白2%,麦芽糊精2%,NaCl1.8%,卡拉胶0.3%,海藻酸钠0.2%,反应时间1h,反应温度20℃,羊肉的持水性能和出成率最好。