番茄黄化曲叶病毒病研究进展

从以下几个方面系统地综述了国内外番茄黄化曲叶病毒病(TYLCV)的研究现状,包括黄化曲叶病毒的生物学特征、不同国家发生的黄化曲叶病毒种类、黄化曲叶病病征及该病的发病特点、流行规律、常用及主要的诊断方法、目前主要的防治技术.着重介绍了当前该病在中国各地区的分布及危害情况,并对番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的研究方向做了展望.     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的防控措施

番茄黄化曲叶病毒是一类具有孪生颗粒形态的植物DNA病毒,在番茄等重要经济作物上发生可造成毁灭性危害。通过采取全程防控措施,可有效预防病毒发生,减少番茄植株发病机率。     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒病抗性鉴定技术研究

番茄抗病材料的创制及其准确有效的抗性鉴定方法是番茄抗病育种的关键.本文比较研究了烟粉虱侵染接种鉴定技术、分子标记鉴定技术和田间自然接种法对58份番茄抗黄化曲叶病毒病材料的抗性鉴定结果.结果表明:分子标记检测与烟粉虱侵染接种鉴定方法相结合可作为鉴定材料对番茄黄化曲叶病毒病抗性的有效方法;对含有已知基因抗源材料的分离群体,...     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒病抗病基因的PCR检测

番茄黄化曲叶病毒病是一种严重威胁全世界番茄生产的病害,培育抗病品种已成为防治该病害的主要技术手段.番茄黄化曲叶病毒病抗性基因Ty-1和Ty-3为不完全显性遗传,本研究采用PCR技术,对来自于内蒙古包头市农业科学研究所的11份番茄抗病、耐病及感病育种材料进行了抗病基因Ty-1及Ty-3的检测,并对Ty-1抗性基因进行Taq I酶切.结果发现,11份育种材料中,材料3和材料7中含有Ty-1及Ty-3抗性基因,材料1、材料4、材料5及材料7中含有Ty-3基因,其余材料无抗病基因.研究结果对准确鉴定番茄育种材料的黄化曲叶病抗病基因,抗病育种材料的辅助选择及缩短育种周期具有重要意义.     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒病已在陕西普遍发生

<正>陕西省生物农业研究所/陕西省酶工程技术研究中心等单位于2015～2017年通过田间定期普查和人工接虫相结合的方法,对陕西省不同地区的烟粉虱发生动态及番茄黄化曲叶病毒病危害情况进行了比较分析,并对传毒介体与病毒病的互作关系进行了试验研究。研究结果表明,从不同种植区域     

介绍3个抗黄化曲叶病毒病的番茄品种

<正> 宝塔利亚品种来源:荷兰德澳特种业公司。特征特性:为无限生长型大红番茄品种;果实圆形,中大果型,硬度高,果实形状好,开花多,产量高,萼片平展美观,在正常栽培条件下平均单果重200～220克;叶片厚,深绿色;抗3种根结线虫病(Ma/Mi/Mj)、番茄黄化曲叶病毒病(TY病毒)、烟草花叶病毒番茄转化型(TOMV)、番茄斑萎病毒(TSWV)、枯萎病0号和1号生理小种及黄萎病(Va/Vd)等。     

烟粉虱与番茄黄化曲叶病毒病发生关系研究

[研究目的]为了明确番茄黄化曲叶病毒病在陕西的发生范围、不同种植茬口的发病率、烟粉虱对番茄黄化曲叶病毒病,为病毒病防治提供理论依据。[方法]通过田间定期普查和人工接虫相结合的方法研究了烟粉虱在番茄黄化曲叶病毒病侵染循环中所起的作用。[结果]结果表明,从不同种植区域来看,番茄黄化曲叶病毒病在陕西番茄栽培区域普遍发生,其中渭南、延安、西安,咸阳等地区发生最重,平均发病株率52.3%,病情指数平均32.6,汉中地区未发生。越夏茬番茄平均发病株率94.8%,平均病情指数53.8,平均产量降低74.0%;秋延茬和越冬茬次之,早春茬为害最轻。烟粉虱发生期与病毒病发生期相吻合,烟粉虱在较低密度情况下发生后20～25天,田间出现病毒病流行;在较高密度情况下,发生后10～15天田间出现病毒病流行。单株番茄单头烟粉虱带毒,即可引起番茄浸染病毒,随着虫口密度的增加,发病株率及发病程度依次增加。烟粉虱在感染番茄黄化曲叶病毒植株上获毒15min后即可传毒,并能够引起23.9%无毒植株染病,获毒720min时,植株感病率高达95.6 %,传毒效率与获毒时间呈正相关关系。[结论]陕西关中地区为番茄黄化曲叶病毒病为害严重地区,越夏茬番茄发病最严重,其次是秋延茬和越冬茬,烟粉虱的密度、带毒率、传毒效能是传播番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的关键因子,有效切断烟粉虱的传播以及避开烟粉虱的发生高峰期是制定番茄黄化曲叶病毒病防治策略的科学基础。     

基于数字图像的番茄黄化曲叶病毒病色彩分析研究

为实现番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的快速无损监测,利用计算机图像处理技术对番茄叶片图像进行研究。在3种颜色系统中比较9种颜色参数,发现其中5种色彩参数存在显著差异,通过进一步的分布统计研究,发现了各参数的最优区分区间。其中G、Y、Cb 3个值对感病叶片的区分率均达到70%以上,最优区分点分别在135、121和110,可以作为TYLCVD的特征参数应用于识别模型为后续研究识别模型提供重要的参数依据。试验结果表明,基于色彩分析法对番茄黄化曲叶病毒病进行识别是可行的。     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒研究进展

番茄黄化曲叶病毒（Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus, TYLCV）是世界范围内流行的一种毁灭性的病毒病,已成为世界番茄生产的限制性因素。近年来TYLCV在中国呈现逐年加重,自南向北迅速蔓延的趋势,已对中国番茄种植业造成极其严重的损失。本文对TYLCV的特点、诊断方法及其防治措施进行了综述。     

Evaluation of tomato entries with different combinations of resistance genes to tomato yellow leaf curl disease in Tunisia

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most widespread begomoviruses transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci that cause tomato yellow leaf curl virus diseases (TYLCDs). TYLCD losses can be especially severe in open‐field tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops. TYLCV is particularly well known and widespread in the Mediterranean (Med) countries where TYLCD control is mostly based on insecticidal control of B. tabaci populations. Unfortunately, Tunisian B. tabaci populations include Middle East‐Asia Minor I and the Med species that have developed resistance to many classes of insecticides. Therefore, TYLCD‐resistant cultivars are essential for sustainable disease management. Six TYLCD resistance genes (Ty) have been introgressed from wild species into cultivated tomato and are available for breeding. Information on the Ty genes or gene combinations is useful for breeding resistant cultivars. To this end, 14 tomato lines carrying different Ty gene combinations and two susceptible tomato entries were evaluated for TYLCD incidence and severity in two field trials during late season in Tunisia. Entries with Ty‐1/Ty‐3 + Ty‐2 offered the highest levels of resistance in Tunisia.     

Reaction of Lycopersicon cultivars and wild accessions to tomato leaf curl virus

Summary 1201 tomato cultivars, breeding lines and accessions of Lycopersicon species were screened for tomato leaf curl virus (TLCV) under field and laboratory conditions during summer seasons of 1986 to 1989. Two lines of L. hirsutum (PI 390658 and PI 390659) and 2 lines of L. peruvianum (PI 127830 and PI 127831) were resistant to TLCV infection. These accessions did not produce any leaf curl symptoms either in field or after inoculation by whitefly Bemisia tabaci with TLCV. Adult whiteflies died within 3 days after releasing on resistant accessions (PI 390658, PI 390659, PI 127830), whereas the whiteflies survived upto 25 days on susceptible tomato cultivars. Under field conditions 0–4 and 5–25 adult whiteflies were observed on resistant and susceptible cultivars respectively. Hybridization was effected using the popular tomato cultivars Arka Sourabh, and Arka Vikas, as the female parents and the resistant Lycopersicon wild species as the pollen parents, to incorporate the resistant gene(s) into the edible tomatoes.     

Inheritance of tomato leaf curl virus resistance in Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum

Summary Inheritance of resistance to tomato leaf curl virus (TLCV) was studied in the progenies derived from interspecific crosses between TLCV resistant Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum line B 6013 and five susceptible cultivars (HS 101, HS 102, HS 110, Pusa Ruby and Punjab Chhuhara) of L. esculentum. P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, B₁ and B₂ progenies of the five crosses were artificially inoculated with local strains of TLCV by means of the vector whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). and the disease reaction was studied in all the crosses. Reaction of parents, F₁, F₂ and backcrosses suggests that resistance derived from L. hirsutum f. glabratum B 6013 is based on two epistatic genes, one from the wild parent and one from the cultivated one, resulting in a 13:3 segragation in the F₂.     

Pyramiding of genes conferring resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus from different wild tomato species

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in tropical and subtropical regions of the world is limited by the endemic presence of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Breeding programmes aimed at producing TYLCV‐resistant tomato cultivars have utilized resistance sources derived from wild tomato species. So far, all reported breeding programmes have introgressed TYLCV resistance from a single wild tomato source. Here, we tested the hypothesis that pyramiding resistances from different wild tomato species might improve the degree of resistance of the domesticated tomato to TYLCV. We have crossed TYLCV‐resistant lines that originated from different wild tomato progenitors, Solanum chilense, Solanum peruvianum, Solanum pimpinellifolium, and Solanum habrochaites. The various parental resistant lines and the F₁ hybrids were inoculated in the greenhouse using viruliferous whiteflies. Control, non‐inoculated plants of the same lines and hybrids were exposed to non‐viruliferous whiteflies. Following inoculation, the plants were scored for disease symptom severity, and transplanted to the field. Resistance was assayed by comparing yield of inoculated plants to those of the control non‐inoculated plants of the same variety. Results showed that the F₁ hybrids between the resistant lines and the susceptible line suffered major yield reduction because of infection, but all hybrids were more resistant than the susceptible parent. All F₁ hybrids resulting from a cross between two resistant parents, showed a relatively high level of resistance, which in most cases was similar to that displayed by the more resistant parent. In some cases, the hybrids displayed better levels of resistance than both parents, but the differences were not statistically significant. The F₁ hybrid between a line with resistance from S. habrochaites and a line with resistance from S. peruvianum (HAB and 72‐PER), exhibited the lowest yield loss and the mildest level of symptoms. Although the resistance level of this F₁ hybrid was not statistically different from the level of resistance displayed by the 72‐PER parent itself, it was statistically better than the level of resistance displayed by the F₁ hybrids between 72‐PER and any other resistant or susceptible line.     

Response of tolerant breeding lines of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, originating from three different sources (L. peruvianum, L. pimpinellifolium and L. chilense) to early controlled inoculation by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV)

Selection of tomato plants supposedly tolerant to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), based solely on the absence of symptoms in an infested field can be misleading. An inoculation routine was therefore established to avoid escapes and to overcome difficulties associated with the age of the plant at the time of infection. The inoculation routine was applied to a selection of resistant/tolerant individuals generated through a diallel F¹ cross and to F² segregating populations originating from three wild tomato species described as tolerant to TYLCV: Lycopersicon peruvianum EC 104395, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Hirsute and Lycopersicon chilense LA 1969. Clear differences were observed between susceptible symptomatic and tolerant symptomless tomato genotypes, indicating that the uncertainty resulting from escapes, from different levels of inoculum, and from the time of inoculation, can be eliminated. The genes involved in tolerance provided different levels of protection; combinations of various tolerant sources and levels in a single genotype gave a higher level of tolerance. Differences in level of protection were found between genes from the same source and between sources; none of the sources tested had complete dominance. The results obtained with the F² segregating population showed that tolerance from L. pimpinellifolium is controlled by one major gene, that from L. chilense by two genes, and that from L. peruvianum by three genes with no dominant effect. The combination of sources for resistance can thus have positive or negative synergistic effects, or no effect. We suggest that a maximal level of tolerance can be obtained by the additive effect of the partly dominant genes from L. pimpinellifolium and L. chilense.     

Identification of sources of resistance in Lycopersicon species to Tomato leaf curl geminivirus (ToLCV) by agroinoculation

A total of 90 genotypes of Lycopersicon species were tested forresistance to the Tomato leaf curlgeminivirus (ToLCV) by agroinoculation andthe vector whitefly (Bemisia tabaciGenn.) inoculation techniques underinsect-proof glasshouse conditions. Therate of infection in the inoculated plantswas determined by detection of the viralDNA in individual plants by the nucleicacid spot hybridization (NASH). Of the 38cultivars and 11 breeding lines of L.esculentum Mill. tested, none was highlyresistant or resistant while three andseven were moderately resistant whenexposed to the cloned virus DNAs byagroinoculation and whitefly inoculationrespectively. On the other hand, among the38 commercial cultivars screened, 16(42.1%) were highly susceptible in vectorinoculations and 31 (81.6%) inagroinoculation. Among the exoticcollection (EC) accessions six were highlyresistant, eleven resistant to whiteflyinoculation and none was highly susceptiblein either of the two tests, indicating thepresence of resistance among the ECaccessions. A higher degree of resistancewas observed in other species of Lycopersicon. While only one accession ofL. cheesmanii Riley was tested, itcould not be infected by either of the twomethods. L. pimpinellifolium (Jusl.)Mill. genotype EC 251580 was similarlyresistant. In L. peruvianum (L.)Mill., five EC accessions could not beinfected by whitefly inoculation, withthree of these being resistant and twomoderately resistant in agroinoculation.This study demonstrates the importance ofthe agroinoculation technique in the virusresistance screening programs andidentifies several good sources ofresistance to the Tomato leaf curlvirus in Lycopersicon species.     

Marker-assisted backcross introgression of the Yd2 gene conferring resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus in barley

YLM, a codaominant polymerase chain reaction (PCR) marker linked to Yd2, could substantially improve the precision and efficiency of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance breeding. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of YLM in a marker‐assisted introgression programme and to quantify associations between the presence of Yd2 and other agronomic and quality traits. The Yd2 gene was introgressed into a BYDV‐susceptible background through two cycles of marker‐assisted backcrossing. BC₂ F₂‐derived lines, either carrying or not carrying the YLM allele associated with resistance, were compared in the presence and absence of BYDV. The YLM marker was shown to be effective in the introgression of Yd2. Lines carrying the YLM allele associated with resistance produced significantly fewer leaf symptoms and showed a reduction in yield loss when infected with BYDV. There were no deleterious effects associated with the introgression of Yd2 on grain yield, grain size or malting quality. The implications of marker‐assisted selection for Yd2 on barley improvement are discussed.