半夏类原球茎的诱导及其植株再生

研究不同外植体和植物激素对半夏类原球茎诱导的影响,并在此基础上建立半夏高频再生体系。以贵州大方‘圆珠半夏’为材料,进行了半夏类原球茎的诱导、分化和驯化移栽技术的试验研究。块茎诱导类原球茎的适宜培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L,诱导率和增殖系数分别为86.67%和17.40。叶片和叶柄则采用MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L配比的培养基效果较好,类原球茎诱导率均可达50%以上,最大增殖倍数分别为12.80和8.6。炼苗移栽时,选用直径为0.5 cm、根数为9.4个/株、根长为3.71cm左右的组培苗,移栽成活率高且植株生长良好。组培苗移栽基质为园土和珍珠岩体积比1:1最好。在适宜的植物激素配比下,可从合适的半夏外植体上诱导出类原球茎,建立半夏高频再生体系,为半夏的种质资源保存、基因工程育种,药用次生代谢产物的生产等奠定基础。     

荷兰菊不同外植体组织培养快繁体系

本试验分别以荷兰菊茎段、花托、叶片为外植体,通过不同的处理方式,建立其高频再生组培快繁体系。结果表明:茎段诱导丛生芽最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L+GA30.5 mg/L,平均诱导不定芽数为4.95个;花托诱导不定芽最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.6 mg/L,诱导率最高为75%;叶片诱导不定芽最佳诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L,诱导率67.4%;最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.4 mg/L,其增殖倍数为8.3倍,且幼苗生长情况优于其它处理;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+NAA 0.4 mg/L。该研究建立了荷兰菊稳定高效的组培再生体系,为工厂化育苗与大面积推广奠定了基础。     

泽林考兰薄层细胞的再生体系

为建立泽林考兰薄层细胞的再生体系,以其试管苗茎尖薄层细胞为外植体,研究了不同激素浓度配比对其类原球茎诱导、增殖、分化及生根的影响。结果表明,茎尖薄层细胞在1/2MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+TDZ2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L培养基上的类原球茎的诱导率最高,达53.3%;类原球茎在1/2MS+6-BA 2.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基上培养40 d后,增殖系数为9.6,类原球茎在1/2MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.15 mg/L培养基上培养40 d后分化出小苗,分化率为89.7%;小苗在1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+AC 0.5 g/L培养基上生根培养40 d后,生根率达94.2%;小苗驯化移栽成活率达90%以上,长势良好。本研究通过以泽林考兰试管苗茎尖薄层细胞为外植体诱导出类原球茎,建立了泽林考兰薄层细胞再生体系,为泽林考兰试管苗产业化生产提供了新的途径。     

明日叶叶片的组织培养及快速繁殖完整体系的建立

本实验以明日叶叶片为外植体,通过筛选基本培养基及外源物质,从而诱导产生愈伤组织并得到再生植株,建立其高频再生组培快繁的完整体系。结果表明,明日叶组培苗的最适基本培养基为MS;叶片诱导愈伤组织最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L;增殖最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+2,4-D1.0 mg/L;不定芽最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L,诱导率为55.49%;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+NAA 0.02 mg/L,生根率可达87.22%,将生长良好的再生植株进行移栽,存活率高达94%。该研究建立了明日叶组培完整再生体系,以高效、低成本的快速繁殖方式,为明日叶的大面积种植提供一种技术方法。     

铁皮石斛原球茎诱导与增殖研究

以铁皮石斛嫩茎为外植体,采用幼嫩茎段→原球茎诱导→原球茎增殖途径,通过单因子、双因子以及正交试验诱导原球茎。研究结果表明,外植体灭菌条件为：70%酒精浸泡3s后,0.1%升汞溶液中浸泡8min,诱导铁皮石斛原球茎最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L+ 2,4-D1.0 mg/L,原球茎增殖最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA3.0mg/L+NAA0.3mg/L。     

铁皮石斛组织培养及快繁技术研究

为建立铁皮石斛快繁技术体系,给生产提供参考,研究了铁皮石斛组织培养过程中的灭菌方法、腋芽诱导、原球茎的诱导、增殖与分化的最佳培养基配方。以铁皮石斛成熟茎段为外植体,探讨1/2MS培养基或MS培养基中添加不同浓度的激素对铁皮石斛组织培养过程中各生长、分化阶段的影响。研究表明,腋芽诱导最适宜培养基的配方为MS+ 6-BA 2.0 mg/L+ NAA 0.5 mg/L,诱导率达91.28%,平均芽数达2.34;原球茎诱导的最适宜培养基为1/2MS+ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L,诱导率可达66.67%;原球茎增殖最佳培养基为1/2MS+ 6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L,原球茎分化最适宜培养基为1/2MS+ NAA 1.0 mg/L+ 6-BA 3.0 mg/L+ KT 1.0 mg/L,最适宜生根的培养基配方为1/2MS+NAA 2.0 mg/L+ AC 0.5 g/L。     

秋石斛原球茎途径再生体系的建立

为建立秋石斛原球茎途径的再生体系,本研究以秋石斛‘088’新生侧芽为外植体,探索不同BA和NAA浓度对原球茎诱导、原球茎增殖分化以及生根壮苗的影响。结果表明:秋石斛原球茎诱导的适宜培养基为1/2MS+2.0 mg/L BA+1.0 mg/L NAA,存活外植体的诱导率达到90%以上;原球茎增殖分化的适宜培养基为MS+3.0 mg/L BA+1.0 mg/L NAA,增殖系数达到13.15;生根壮苗的适宜培养基为1/2MS+0.5 mg/L NAA,生根率高,根系发达,植株健壮。本研究建立了秋石斛原球茎途径的再生体系,为种苗繁育和遗传转化提供了技术支持。     

青葙高效再生体系的建立

以青葙茎段为外植体建立高频再生体系,探讨不同激素配比对青葙不定芽诱导、继代增殖和不定根诱导的影响。结果表明:青葙茎段外植体诱导培养基为MS+6-BA(2mg/L)+IBA(0.5mg/L),诱导率为100%;继代增殖培养基为MS+6-BA(2mg/L)+IBA(0.01~0.02mg/L),不定芽增加3~5个;不定根诱导培养基为1/2MS+NAA(0.5mg/L)+IBA(0.5~1.0mg/L),诱导率高达100%;组培苗移植到盛有细沙的花盆中,成活率为100%。     

驱蚊香草快繁体系的建立及工厂化育苗主要影响因素研究

以驱蚊香草的幼嫩叶片作外植体,在含不同激素的不同培养基上进行丛生芽的诱导、芽的继代增殖、芽生根与移栽研究,以快速获得再生植株。结果表明,丛生芽诱导培养基以MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L较好,诱导率为96%;增殖培养基以MS（B5）+6-BA0.5mg/L +NAA0.1mg/L较好,增殖系数达8倍以上,且增殖芽生长好;壮苗培养基为MS（B5）+6-BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L为好;生根培养基以1/2MS+NAA0.1 mg/L和MS+IBA0.2 mg/L为最佳,生根率达100%,幼苗生长势旺。影响工厂化育苗的主要因素有激素浓度、继代次数和移栽管理     

不同培养基成分对铁皮石斛组织培养的影响

以铁皮石斛无菌苗的茎段作为外植体,讨论MS培养基中添加不同浓度的激素对铁皮石斛的诱导、增殖、分化以及生根的影响。结果表明：最适合铁皮石斛原球茎诱导的培养基为MS+ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L+ NAA 1.5 mg/L,原球茎诱导率为95%;最适合原球茎增殖的培养基为MS+ 6-BA 1 mg/L+ NAA 1 mg/L;最适合原球茎分化的培养基为MS+ 6-BA 5 mg/L+ NAA 1 mg/L,其分化率达80%;最适合铁皮石斛根诱导的培养基为MS+IBA 1.5 mg/L+香蕉泥100 g/L,其生根率为100%。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Laboratorial Method of Determining Limit of Yielding of Material

Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel.