笼养孟加拉成年虎与亚成虎白昼行为的差异研究

2005年12月至2006年8月,采用瞬时扫描取样法和全事件取样法,对云南野生动物园内7只孟加拉虎行为进行了初步观察。结果表明,在观察期内,笼养孟加拉虎白昼行为时间分配上成年虎与亚成年虎之间存在一定差异,即成年虎的睡眠多于亚成年虎的睡眠;成年虎的卧息、走动、摄食和其他行为少于亚成年虎的卧息、走动、摄食和其他行为。活动节律上有一定的相似性,但也存在差异,不同年龄之间卧息和走动出现两个高峰,睡眠出现一个高峰,但亚成年虎的睡眠较为集中。     

笼养东北虎(Panthera tigiris altacia)的行为观察(英文)

从1998年3月至2001年3月,采用全事件取样法和焦点动物取样法对哈尔滨动物园的4只笼养东北虎(1雄3雌)进行了系统的行为观察。笼养东北虎的行为可以分成5种主要的方式:运动、卧息、睡眠、取食和其他行为(饮水、排尿、修饰、嬉戏和站立)。在所有的行为类型中,睡眠和运动所占的比值很高(占整个时间分配的75.18%);而卧息、取食和其他行为仅占24.82%。除了取食,一只雄性和其中两种雌性东北虎的其他4种主要行为具有相似的活动规律,在白昼和夜晚各有一个活动高峰;而另外一只雌性东北虎在夜晚则具有两个活动高峰期。表2参16。     

笼养东北虎（Panthera tigiris altacia）的行为观察

从1998年3月至2001年3月，采用全事件取样法和焦点动物取样法对哈尔滨动物园的4只笼养东北虎（1雄3雌）进行了系统的行为观察。笼养东北虎的行为可以分成5种主要的方式：运动、卧息、睡眠、取食和其他行为（饮水、排尿、修饰、嬉戏和站立）。在所有的行为类型中，睡眠和运动所占的比值很高（占整个时间分配的75.18%）；而卧息、取食和其他行为仅占24.82%。除了取食，一只雄性和其中两种雌性东北虎的其他4种主要行为具有相似的活动规律，在白昼和夜晚各有一个活动高峰；而另外一只雌性东北虎在夜晚则具有两个活动高峰期。     

孟加拉虎在高纬度环境下饲养及行为观察

对孟加拉虎在北方严寒条件下饲养和行为进行了研究,比较行为的差异性。孟加拉虎已基本适应了所处的高纬度寒冷地带的气候,能够全年在室外进行半散放饲养。研究证明,笼养孟加拉虎的各种行为模式具有较强的规律性。其中,睡眠行为是笼养孟加拉虎的主要行为类型,其次是运动和卧息行为,取食和其它行为最少。     

半散放条件下梅花鹿春季个体行为生态学研究(英文)

采用扫描取样法、随机取样法和所有事件取样法于1998年春季研究了梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)的行为。结果表明:春季梅花鹿的各种行为具有较强的规律性,其行为由取食、反刍、卧息、移动、站立、警戒、争斗、饮水、护茸和其它行为构成。其中取食构成春季梅花鹿的主要行为。     

圈养白化孟加拉虎繁殖期行为时间分配的研究

于2012年10月至2013年9月在云南野生动物园，采用瞬时扫描法和全事件观察法对繁殖期白化孟加拉虎的行为进行了研究。结果表明：在发情交配期雌雄白化孟加拉虎的行为时间分配差异不显著（P〉0．05），均将较多的时间用于休息和运动；在妊娠期雌性白化孟加拉虎将较多的时间用于休息和运动，较少的时间用于摄食、睡眠和其它行为，对比妊娠期4只雌虎的行为，不同个体在同一种行为间差异性极显著（P〈0．01）；产仔期雌虎将更多的时间用于产仔和舔舐幼虎，其次是休息；在哺乳期雌虎将较多的时间用于休息，其次是哺乳和运动。通过单因素方差分析表明，在繁殖期不同阶段休息行为差异性极显著（P〈0．01），睡眠、运动和其它行为差异性不显著（P〉0．05）。     

神农架自然保护区金丝猴投食群性行为的初步观察

为探讨神农架川金丝猴投食群的性行为及近亲繁殖回避机制,2008年4～11月,采用行为取样法和全事件记录法对神农架自然保护区人工投食猴群的性行为进行研究.结果发现,邀配行为次数在性别间差异显著,雌性多于雄性.雌性邀配成功率在年龄间差异显著,成功率顺序由高到低为:成年、青年和少年.交配过程中有其它个体的干扰,干扰形式有4种类型,不同干扰类型的成功率差异显著.雌性存在多次邀配行为,此行为可提高邀配的成功率.性行为的成功率相对较低,表明川金丝猴的交配目的不仅限于繁殖.     

笼养黑叶猴自由取食和梳理时的单侧行为观察

2004年4月至5月,采用扫描取样法对贵阳黔灵公园笼养状态下的4只黑叶猴(雄性2只,雌性2只)取食和梳理时的单侧行为(利手行为)进行了观察记录并对数据进行了统计分析。分析结果表明:黑叶猴的群体、成体、幼体、雄性、雌性以及大部分个体具有显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的左侧优势现象。     

林苑荟萃

孟加拉虎数目回升 15年以前,在印度的西孟加拉省,孟加拉虎只剩下1800多头。为了拯救它们,印度政府专门通过了一项保护珍贵的孟加拉虎的《老虎》方案。现在此方案已取得初步成效,如今印度     

笼养滇南亚种原鸡日间行为观察

以笼养滇南亚种雄性原鸡为试验对象,于2008年5月~2009年5月选用雌性原鸡、傣族鸡、绿耳乌骨鸡、茶花鸡分别与其同笼,采用直接观察法对其取食行为、饮水行为及交配行为等进行了日间行为频次观察,对交配行为还运用了全事件取样法,记录该过程的起止时间、持续时间和行为细节.结果表明:雄性原鸡日间取食频次高峰期均出现在11∶00~13∶00和17∶00~18∶00;饮水频次高峰期均出现在15∶00~16∶00,其次为11∶30~12∶30和17∶00~17∶30;交配频次高峰期均出现在15∶00~16∶00和11∶00~12∶00.就取食、饮水及交配行为频次以及取食与饮水量表现,从高到低依次为与雌性原鸡、傣族鸡、绿耳乌骨鸡、茶花鸡同笼时.可见,雄性原鸡对伴侣具有一定的选择性.     

花尾榛鸡(Bonasa bonasia)在韩国温带林中的季节性移动特征(英文)

This study were carried out in the Experimental Forest (37( 48' 10" N, 127( 48' 50" E) of Gangwon Forest Development Institute, Gamjeong-ri, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Province, Korea from Dec. 1999 to Jul. 2002. Eight individuals (three males and five females) of hazel grouse were captured and they were marked with a 14-g necklace-type transmitter. The surveying results showed that females were more active than males throughout the year, but males were more mobile than females in spring. The degree of movement for females and males was similar from summer to winter. The overlap degree of habitat was very large from spring to autumn. Hazel grouse had greater shifts in area use in winter. They used similar area from spring to autumn, made a shift in their habitat use in winter, and then shifted back to the previous habitat.     

Geschlechtsunterschiede im Fraßverhalten unter der Einwirkung eines Neemsamenkern-Extrakts (NSKE) beiChrotogonus homalodemus (Blanch.) (Orthopt., Acrididae)

The feeding habits of males and females ofCh. homalodemus showed some differences. In the control the male consumed less than the female. The reluctant feeding habit of the females leads to the suggestion that the repellent effect of NSKE lasts longer than the exposure time. A choice test showed thatCh. homalodemus did'nt feed on treated cabbage leaves when untreated ones were available.     

Electroantennogram responses of Dendrolimus superans (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) to six volatiles of Larix gmelinii

Dendrolimus superans is one of the important pests feeding on the needles of Larix gmelinii. Six standard compounds, (1R)-(−)-α-pinene, (1S)-(−)-α-pinene, ocimene, (1S)-(−)-β-pinene, R(−)-α-phellandrene and camphene, the main volatiles of L. gmelinii were used to test the electroantennogram (EAG) responses of moths. The results show that the order of the EAG responses of moths to seven concentrations of these six compounds were as follows: mated females > virgin females > unmated males, except for 0.1 μL/μL R(−)-α-phellandrene, where the order was: virgin females > mated females > unmated males. There are statistically significant differences between the EAG responses of virgin females and unmated males (p < 0.05), and also between mated females with virgin females and mated females and unmated males (p < 0.01), which suggests that the mated females are more sensitive to the volatiles of host plant. The results of EAG responses of the mated females, virgin females and unmated males indicate that they are more sensitive to R(−)-α-phellandrene than to the other volatile components. The active time for the EAG responses of both mated females and unmated males occurs during the night, i.e., from 20:00 to 04:00 hours. This is consistent with their eclosion, mating and oviposition periods. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(7): 55–60 [译自:林业科学]     

Inducing infection of oak logs by a pathogenic fungus carried byPlatypus quercivorus (Murayama) (Coleoptera: Platypodidae)

This study examined the frequency of infection by an unidentified pathogenic fungus of oak logs bored into by males alone or by both males and females ofPlatypus quercivorus (Murayama) in the field. The fungus, which is associated with mass mortality of oak trees in Japan, was not isolated from logs bored into by males alone, which bored only short entrance galleries. However, it was isolated from logs bored into by both males and females, which together bored longer galleries and reproduced successfully. This suggests that it is difficult for the fungus to colonize logs bored into by males alone. The fungus was not isolated from a log in which the beetles failed to reproduce, and in which the galleries were significantly shorter than in logs where reproduction succeeded, but it was unclear whether the shortness of the galleries prevented colonization of the log by the fungus. The study also revealed that some gallery-initiating males survived for at least 2 months in the absence of females, and that females elongated entrance galleries that had been bored by the gallery-initiating males.     

天牛类昆虫交配行为研究进展

天牛是一类在我国危害严重且防治难度较大的林木蛀干害虫.虽然其种类众多,经济和生态价值大,但国内外较少有对天牛繁殖交配行为的总结报道.梳理国内外对天牛交配行为的研究,发现天牛交配行为可分为求偶、性冲动、交配前准备、交配四个阶段,每个阶段都不可缺少,且有其阶段特征性的行为.在交配后,一些雄性天牛会表现出配后保护行为.天牛交...     

Comparison of lure-baited insecticide-treated tripod trap logs and lure-baited traps for control of Ips duplicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Two methods were compared for capturing the bark beetle Ips duplicatus Sahlberg (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae): lure-baited, insecticide-treated tripod trap logs (TRIPODs) versus Theysohn pheromone traps (TPTs). In 2008 and 2011 and at each of three clearcuts, five TPTs and five TRIPODs baited with ID Ecolure pheromone evaporators were installed with 10 m spacing. The pheromone evaporators were renewed every 8 weeks. The TRIPODs were treated with the insecticide Vaztak 10 EC in mid-April and then every 5 weeks thereafter. Trap logs and traps were inspected weekly during the entire period of I. duplicatus flight activity (April–September). Two to three times more beetles were trapped by the TPTs than by the TRIPODs. The TPTs captured more females than males, while TRIPODs captured equivalent numbers of males and females or more males than females on some dates. The TPTs and TRIPODs trapped approximately the same numbers of males, but the TPTs captured more females than the TRIPODs. Both traps captured more adults in spring than in summer. The higher numbers of entomophagous arthropods, including the predacious beetles Thanasimus formicarius L. and T. femoralis, were captured in the TRIPODs than in the TPTs.     

Zur Wirkung der Temperatur nach der Behandlung auf die Toxizität von Dichlorvos,Permethrin und Carbaryl gegenüber der Fleischfliege Parasarcophaga argyrostoma R.-D (Dipt., Calliphoridae)

Toxicity of dichlorvos, permethrin, and carbaryl to the flesh fly,Parasarcophaga argyrostoma R.-D. was determined at 3 post-treatment temperatures, 15°C, 25°C, and 35°C. Toxicity of dichlorvos and carbaryl to both males and females was significantly greater (P<0.05) at 35°C than at 15°C. However, differences in LD₅₀ values between males and females were not significant (P<0.05). Dichlorvos and carbaryl were respectively 3.75 of 2.03 times more toxic to males and 3.14 and 1.91 times more toxic to females at 35°C than at 15°C. Permethrin was significantly (P<.05) more toxic to both males and females at 15°C than at 35°C. Permethrin was respectively 2.50 of 2.18 more toxic at 15°C than at 35°C to males and femalesP. argyrostoma.