银竹老山资源冷杉

广西北部保存着两种不耐炎热却又生长在亚热带的珍稀物种——元宝山冷杉和资源冷杉。它们都是中国特有的国家一级保护植物,它们的发现和命名都是当时轰动植物学界的重要事件。元宝山冷杉的唯一分布地是融水苗族自治县境内的元宝山自治区级自然保护区,种群数量只有200     

我区首次发现冷杉

一九七四年和一九七七年,我区柳州地区的林业工作者,深入到融水苗族自治县境内元宝山,进行树种调查,首次发现了冷杉,并采到了标本,经中国科学院北京植物研究所鉴定为松科冷杉属的一个新种,现定名为广西冷杉Abies kwangsiensis Lyun.这次冷杉的首次发现,填补了我区     

银竹老山，那32株资源冷杉

冷杉，一种喜炊冷湿气候的松科植物，一般生长在纬度较高地区的亚高山和高山上，但在纬度较低、只有中山的广西部却保存着两种冷杉——元宝山冷杉和资源冷杉：它们都是中国特有的国家一级保护植物，它们的发现和命名郜是当时轰动植物学抖的重要事件。     

元宝山的功利美——广西森林审美漫谈之二十七

正融水苗族自治县的森林资源十分丰富。光国家级自然保护区就有两个,除了九万山,还有元宝山。广西第三高峰——海拔2086米的青坪峰(无名峰)矗立在元宝山上。元宝山,1982年被设为水源林保护区,2002年被确认为自治区级自然保护区,2013年被国务院批准为国家级自然保护区。其主要保护对象是世界上仅存于当地的元宝山冷杉及亚热带中山森林生态系统。2016年6月6日傍晚,当笔者拖着酸痛双腿回到元宝     

我国天然云冷杉针阔混交林结构特征、更新特点及经营管理

天然云冷杉林是世界主要森林类型之一, 具有重要的生态、经济和社会效益。探明天然云冷杉林结构特点和演替规律, 制定科学的经营管理措施, 因地制宜地合理经营云冷杉林意义深远而迫切。文中概述了我国天然云冷杉林的分布、结构和更新演替特征, 分析了经营管理现状及存在的问题, 并提出建议:1)对禁伐区内的云冷杉林分, 坚决杜绝一切采伐活动; 对限伐区要严格控制采伐强度, 一般控制在伐前蓄积量的15%以内; 对商品林经营区可按每公顷蓄积量的大小确定适宜采伐强度, 并按照林分特点进行经营, 做到科学择伐。2)对林地草本植被密集、灌木覆盖度不大、采伐迹地上有种源条件的进行封育、栽植或补植, 人工促进天然更新。3)建立秦岭冷杉、大果青杄、元宝山冷杉等珍稀濒危物种自然保护区和科学试验站, 积极开展就地保护, 减少人为破坏。4)适时采种, 就地建立苗圃, 开展育苗造林, 扩大人工种群, 促进天然更新。     

融水:绿色苗山广西屏障

融水苗族自治县是柳州乃至广西的生态屏障,也是珠江流域西江水系的重要水源涵养地之一.境内生物多样性异常丰富,野生动植物位居广西前列,植物种类仅次于云南的西双版纳.属国家重点保护野生植物的有元宝山冷杉、南方红豆杉、合柱金莲木、伯乐树、马尾树、海南五针松、桫椤等.依附植物群落生存的珍稀野生动物有鼋、黑熊、金钱豹、大鲵、林麝等.     

元宝山古树探秘

元宝山——广西第三高峰，保存着广西最古老、最原始的森林。虽然元宝山保护区具有足够的名气，但它深居大苗山最僻远的一隅，有雨雨峰岭阻隔，许多人都将探访元宝山视为畏途。     

四川卧龙岷江冷杉林分布规律及种群特征

通过典型抽样法,对四川省卧龙自然保护区邓生阴坡的的岷江冷杉原始林进行了分布以及种群特征的调查研究。结果表明,在卧龙自然保护区,岷江冷杉林主要分布在湿润的阴坡或半阴坡,常形成多种群落类型,并能从海拔2 700 m的坡底连绵成片分布到海拔3 800 m的林线;主要有6类群落,分别为岷江冷杉-华西箭竹林、岷江冷杉-峨眉玉山竹林、岷江冷杉-冷箭竹林、岷江冷杉-大叶金顶杜鹃林、岷江冷杉-星毛杜鹃林和岷江冷杉-无柄杜鹃林。研究区岷江冷杉相同径级的树高随着海拔的升高却逐渐变矮,在海拔2 700 m、2 900 m、3 100 m和3 300 m的岷江冷杉种群属于增长型的年龄结构,海拔3 600 m岷江冷杉种群属于稳定型的年龄结构;岷江冷杉林剧烈的种间竞争发生在森林底层或下层,海拔2 700 m~3 200 m间岷江冷杉种群的主要竞争对象是华西箭竹,海拔3 200 m~3 600 m的范围的主要竞争对象是大叶金顶杜鹃和无柄杜鹃,影响岷江冷杉种群繁殖与更新;岷江冷杉种群常遭受病虫兽害和风灾与雪灾,影响岷江冷杉种群生长发育和造成数量减小。     

大熊猫栖息地冷杉属植物群落与大熊猫分布的关系

冷杉属(Abies)物种组成的森林是我国特有的山地寒温性暗针叶林,在秦岭山系、岷山山系、邛崃山山系、大相岭山系、小相岭山系和凉山山系分布着以秦岭冷杉(Abies chensiensis)、巴山冷杉(A.f argesii)、岷江冷杉(A.faxoniana)、冷杉(A.fabri)、长苞冷杉(A.georgei)和川滇...     

峨眉山不同海拔冷杉径向生长对气候变化的响应

【目的】研究峨眉山不同海拔冷杉Abies fabri径向生长对气候变化的响应规律。【方法】以冷杉为研究对象,用树轮生态学的方法对峨眉山不同海拔的冷杉进行年轮采样、处理与分析,比较不同海拔冷杉径向生长特征及其与各气候因子之间的关系。【结果】年表统计数据表明,4个年表均具有较高的可靠性,可以用于树木生长与气候关系的研究。不同海拔冷杉径向生长与气候的关系具有明显的海拔差异,海拔2 400 m处冷杉径向生长与当年7月的温度呈显著正相关;海拔2 800 m处冷杉径向生长与当年4-9月的帕尔默干旱指数(PDSI)呈显著正相关;海拔2 900 m处冷杉径向生长与前一年9月和当年4月的温度呈显著负相关,与当年1-9月的PDSI均呈显著正相关;海拔3 000 m处冷杉径向生长和当年3-4月温度呈显著负相关,与当年6-7月的PDSI和当年4月平均相对湿度呈显著正相关。【结论】峨眉山高海拔的冷杉包含有更多的环境信息,对气候变化的响应也更为敏感;高海拔区域冷杉径向生长受到水分的强烈限制,而低海拔区域冷杉径向生长主要受温度影响;冷杉衰亡与气候因子的变化密切相关,随着区域气候的变暖,高海拔地区冷杉可能会进一步衰退。该研究揭示了峨眉山不同海拔冷杉生长动态及其对气候变化响应的敏感性差异,为全球气候变化背景下冷杉林的保护与适应性管理提供科学参考。     

沙松纸浆用材林不同家系苗期生长差异比较

通过对东北地区10个种源的77个家系沙松纸浆用材林苗期的苗高、地径和当年高生长指标测定和分析,比较不同家系苗期生长差异,结果表明:不同家系沙松间苗高、地径、当年高生长量均存在显著差异;苗高生长表现良好的为东京城04、东京城05和柴河04号家系;地径生长表现良好的为露水河08、东京城04和柴河05号家系;当年高生长表现最好的为露水河14号家系。     

横断山区云杉林与冷杉林的对比研究

通过对横断山区的自然地理状况,我国云杉属和冷杉属植物的分布状况调查,分析了两属植物的分化、生境和种间差异。结果如下,横断山区具有极高的生物多样性,是世界上云杉属和冷杉属种数最多的地区;但该两属存在较大的差异,云杉属的分布范围比冷杉属植物宽,分布的海拔高度低于冷杉属植物,从而为确定横断山区是云杉属和冷杉属的地理分布和分化中心提供理论依据。     

Testing species of genus Abies for Christmas tree production in Norway

Ten exotic Abies species were tested in two field trials, where the aim was to find suitable species and provenances for Christmas tree production in coastal and fjord areas in Norway. The material included 14 provenances of Abies nordmanniana, 3 provenances of Abies bornmuelleriana, 3 provenances of Abies koreana, 2 provenances of Abies amabilis, and 1 provenance each of Abies equi-trojani, Abies alba, Abies procera, Abies homolepis, Abies nephrolepis, and Abies forrestii. Field trials were established at Gulen in Sogn og Fjordane County and at Verdal in Nord-Trøndelag County. Christmas tree classification was done seven and eight growing seasons after establishment. The Christmas tree yield was higher in Gulen (64%) than in Verdal (45%), which is situated further north. Also, the survival and the height growth were higher in Gulen than in Verdal. A more humid climate and a longer growth season in Gulen may explain some of the differences. Of the 10 species, A. nordmanniana, A. homolepis, and A. bornmuelleriana produced the highest Christmas tree yield at Gulen, while A. homolepis and A. koreana had the highest yield at Verdal. Due to early bud burst, A. equi-trojani and A. bornmuelleriana are only suited for Christmas tree growing in the best climatic areas.     

沙松造林技术的研究

对沙松造林技术的研究结果表明，最适宜沙松生长的条件是：造林密度为６６００株／ｈｍ＾２；山下部，阴坡半阴坡；整地方式为边整边造。     

温度对不同海拔梯度急尖长苞冷杉种子发芽的影响

共设＜5℃、5～10℃、10～15℃、15～20℃、20～25℃5个区段温度,研究不同温度对色季拉山不同海拔（3800～4400 m）急尖长苞冷杉种子发芽能力的影响,结果表明：色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉种子的平均千粒重为7.78 g,与其它冷杉属的种子比较,其种子千粒重较小,但有较低海拔（4000 m以下）种子千粒重较大而较高海拔（4000 m以上）种子千粒重较小的趋势;急尖长苞冷杉种子的适宜发芽温度为15～20℃,低于5℃无法发芽;不同海拔急尖长苞冷杉的种子发芽能力不同,以海拔3900 m的急尖长苞冷杉种子发芽率最高,为50％,从海拔3900 m开始,其种子发芽能力随着海拔的升高而逐渐降低。     

Response of conifer shoot elongation to tephra from Mount St. Helens

To determine the impact of volcanic tephra on growth of conifer saplings, increments of tree height and lateral branch elongation for 1975–1982 were measured on a clearcut affected by tephra from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington. Abies amabilis Dougl. ex Forbes and Abies procera Rehd. trapped and retained the most tephra. Removing tephra from trees in 1980 increased growth of Abies amabilis and Abies procera; other species were not significantly affected by cleaning. Height growth of both cleaned and uncleaned trees of all species significantly increased after the eruption. The increase for Abies spp. and Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. was considerable, and appears to be a response to the eruption. This growth acceleration was apparently related to some beneficial effect(s) of tephra on the soil, which more than offset the adverse effect of tephra on the foliage.     

王朗自然保护区岷江冷杉林(Abies faxoniana)更新及其种群结构分析

岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)林是四川王朗自然保护区主要群落类型,本文选择典型的亚高山针叶原始林设置标准样地,对其幼苗幼树查数轮生枝、大树钻取树轮样芯确定个体年龄,分别建立苗高-年龄、胸径-年龄的回归方程得到整个种群的年龄结构,通过编制生命表对其进行生存分析.结果表明,岷江冷杉存活曲线属于Deevey-Ⅲ型...     

巴山冷杉-牛皮桦混交林乔木更新及土壤化学性质对更新的影响

调查太白山巴山冷杉-牛皮桦混交林林下与林隙乔木更新及土壤化学性质,分析林隙及土壤化学性质对乔木更新的影响.结果表明:巴山冷杉-牛皮桦混交林乔木更新苗密度较小,为0.059株·m-2,但林下与林隙均以巴山冷杉更新苗为主;林下与林隙乔木更新苗密度差异不显著(P=0.160),但巴山冷杉幼苗密度表现为林隙内显著高于林下(P =0.012);相关分析表明,小林隙更利于巴山冷杉更新(r=- 0.397,P=0.030),而林隙大小对牛皮桦更新没有显著影响(r=0.125,P=0.511);在林下,土壤碱解N、全P含量和pH值与牛皮桦更新苗密度呈显著正相关;在林隙内,土壤全P和有效P含量与巴山冷杉更新苗密度呈显著负相关,全P含量与牛皮桦幼树密度呈显著负相关;林下土壤有机质含量、全N含量和有效P含量及林隙土壤pH值、有机质含量、全N含量和碱解N含量与牛皮桦和巴山冷杉更新苗密度均没有显著相关关系;林下土壤pH值显著高于林隙,而有机质、全N、碱解N、全P和有效P含量显著低于林隙.     

Functional relationships between crown morphology and within-crown characteristics of understory saplings of three codominant conifers in a subalpine forest in central Japan

Light-related plasticity of crown morphology and within-crown characteristics were investigated in understory sun and shade saplings of three codominant subalpine conifers, Abies mariesii M.T. Mast., Abies veitchii Lindl. and Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis (Mayr) Rehd. Compared with those of sun saplings, current-year shoots of shade saplings allocated less biomass to needles, resulting in less dense needle packing and hence less mutual needle shading. The proportion of lateral branch biomass in foliage was either similar in sun and shade saplings or greater in shade saplings, depending on the species, suggesting that, over the lifetime of a branch, greater needle longevity in shade compensates for reduced biomass investment in needles of current-year shoots of shade saplings. Saplings with slower-growing branches tended to have greater needle life spans, suggesting that plasticity of branch growth rate and plasticity of needle life span are interdependent. Both Abies species showed greater light-related plasticity of needle life span and branch growth than P. jezoensis. The greater shade tolerance of the Abies species derives from their broad flattened crowns with slow-growing branches. This type of crown development incurs substantial support costs, but the long needle life span of shade saplings of the Abies species compensates, at least in part, for their low annual investment in foliage, especially in the case of A. mariesii, which has a longer needle life span and slower-growing and stouter branches than A. veitchii. Compared with the Abies species, P. jezoensis had a less plastic crown morphology, and less variability of needle life span and branch growth in response to light, resulting in lower shade tolerance. However, compared with the flattened crown of Abies shade saplings, the conical crown of P. jezoensis saplings imposes a smaller support cost, making this species better adapted to rapid height growth than to survival in shade.