淮河下游稻区机插粳稻新品种比较试验研究

通过不同粳稻品种机插种植比较试验研究,结果表明,圣稻16、新稻21全生育期140 d,早熟;宁9213、武运粳24全生育期161 d,偏迟熟;其余品种全生育期为151～154 d,适中;武运粳24、连粳9号、新稻18、南粳9108、武运粳27实收产量均在700 kg/667 m2以上,产量较高,其它品种产量在680.6～697.8 kg/667 m2,差异较小。从产量、生育期和抗性等方面综合分析,武运粳27、中稻1号、淮稻5号、南粳9108、连粳9号适合在淮河下游稻区大面积推广种植,其余品种尚需扩大示范或再示范。     

上海崇明水稻品种适应性比较研究

对花优14、申优17、金农香粳1267、光明粳3号、沪香粳106、沪粳137、嘉58、武运粳31等8个水稻品种在上海崇明的适应性进行比较研究。结果表明,光明粳3号与沪粳137产量高,综合性状优,适宜在上海崇明地区推广种植;沪香粳106产量表现一般,但熟期早,抗病性好,有一定增产潜力,可以进一步示范试种。     

主要粳稻新品种(系)比较试验研究

通过对14个粳稻新品种(系)的比较试验研究:镇稻99、285、徐稻4号、徐稻3号、盐稻8号等熟期较早的品种,以徐稻4号产量最高,徐稻3号、镇稻99产量中等;扬辐粳8号、淮稻9号、武运粳8号、武育粳3号、淮稻5号、宁粳2号、扬辐粳7号等熟期较晚,以淮稻5号综合表现突出;以武运粳8号产量最高,淮稻5号产量次之,扬辐粳8号、淮稻9号产量中等,除武运粳8号、武育粳3号不抗(耐)条纹叶枯病外,参试品种均较抗(耐)条纹叶枯病;淮稻5号、扬辐粳8号抗倒性较强。     

机条播条件下23个水稻品种的筛选试验

通过引进23个水稻品种进行示范与筛选试验,考察品种的生育期、茎蘖动态、产量水平及产量结构,筛选出适宜江苏省盐城市盐都地区机条播的水稻品种。结果表明:盐粳16号、武运粳32、盐粳15号、扬农稻2号、淮稻5号共5个适宜机条播的水稻品种综合表现良好、产量潜力较高,适宜在本地区推广。     

不同粳稻品种(系)机插稻生态适应性生产力试验报告

2012年高邮市选择广适性好、综合性状优良的粳稻品种(系),进行机插稻生态适应性生产力比较试验,分析不同品种生长特性、产量水平等综合性状,结果表明:南粳49、武运粳27、武运粳24产量较高,可扩大示范种植;扬粳4227、南粳5055熟期偏迟,有一定的种植局限性;     

粳稻新品种适应性筛选试验

为筛选出适合本地种植的优良水稻新品种,选取了9个粳稻品种进行适应性比较试验。结果表明,武运粳24号、连粳11号、淮稻5号等品种综合表现好,生产潜力大,可作为主推品种在本地示范种植;武运粳27号、南粳9108、盐粳10号、扬育粳2号等品种部分性状较好,但存在结实率不高或不抗倒等缺点,可进一步试验示范。     

中熟中粳新品种武运粳21号直播稻高产栽培技术

武运粳21号系江苏省武进农科所最新育成的中熟中粳新品种,2007年通过江苏省品种审定委员会审定（苏审稻200705）,由江苏中江种业独占许可。江苏省洪泽县于2006年开始进行示范种植,该品种表现出分蘖中等、穗形大、子粒饱满、结实好、熟相漂亮、抗病性好、米质好,符合米质和产量同步的需求,更适应直播稻面积占本地水稻种植面积90％以上的新形势。根据这两年的生产实践,武运粳21号在本地可作为麦后直播,并获得高产。     

武运粳23号特征特性及机插高产栽培技术

武运粳23号系江苏省常州市武进区农业科学研究所育成的早熟晚粳稻新品种,具有熟期适中、高产稳产、米质优、综合抗逆性强、适应性广等特点。本文介绍了该品种的产量表现、特征特性及机插高产栽培技术。     

仙居县杨丰山优质稻米品种比较研究

为筛选出适合仙居杨丰山地区种植的优质高产水稻品种,笔者引进了11个杂交籼稻品种和3个籼粳交品种,在杨丰山村开展了品种比较试验,综合考察品种的产量、生育期和抗逆性。结果表明,中64优华占产量优势明显、综合性状表现较好,可作为当地大面积种植的备选品种;桃优香占的米质特优、产量适中,可用于高档稻米的订单生产。     

甬优17在福安市作单晚种植的特征特性及栽培技术

甬优17是浙江省宁波市农业科学院和宁波市种子公司用甬粳4号A与甬恢12育成的籼粳杂交水稻新品种,2014年通过福建省农作物品种审定。2016年引进福安市示范片种植,表现产量高、熟期适中、米质优、抗逆性强等特点。总结了甬优17在福安市作单晚种植的产量表现、特征特性及栽培技术。     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。