淮河下游稻区机插粳稻新品种比较试验研究

通过不同粳稻品种机插种植比较试验研究,结果表明,圣稻16、新稻21全生育期140 d,早熟;宁9213、武运粳24全生育期161 d,偏迟熟;其余品种全生育期为151～154 d,适中;武运粳24、连粳9号、新稻18、南粳9108、武运粳27实收产量均在700 kg/667 m2以上,产量较高,其它品种产量在680.6～697.8 kg/667 m2,差异较小。从产量、生育期和抗性等方面综合分析,武运粳27、中稻1号、淮稻5号、南粳9108、连粳9号适合在淮河下游稻区大面积推广种植,其余品种尚需扩大示范或再示范。     

阜宁县粳稻新品种对比试验总结

2014年对8个常规粳稻新品种进行对比试验,产量从高到低依次为宁粳4号、华瑞稻1号、武运粳27、南粳9108、淮稻5号、连粳7号、连粳9号、泗稻785;生育期最短的为连粳7号和泗稻785,为150 d,最长的为南粳9108,为153 d,其它品种在151~152 d。从稳产丰产性角度,适宜在阜宁县大面积种植的品种为宁粳4号、连粳7号、武运粳27、华瑞稻1号以及淮稻5号。     

粳稻新品种适应性筛选试验

为筛选出适合本地种植的优良水稻新品种,选取了9个粳稻品种进行适应性比较试验。结果表明,武运粳24号、连粳11号、淮稻5号等品种综合表现好,生产潜力大,可作为主推品种在本地示范种植;武运粳27号、南粳9108、盐粳10号、扬育粳2号等品种部分性状较好,但存在结实率不高或不抗倒等缺点,可进一步试验示范。     

粳稻新品种(系)适应性试验

以近年来新推出的新品种(系)为对象,从生育期、农艺性状、抗逆性、产量等方面,比较研究了各品种在本地生态、生产条件下的适应性。结果表明,淮稻9号、扬辐粳7号、盐稻8号、徐稻3号、镇稻196、扬辐粳4901、三优18等品种综合表现较好,可在本地示范种植。盐稻9号、临稻11号、徐稻4号等品种部分性状比较突出,但存在明显缺点,可进一步试验示范。宁粳1号和津稻1007熟期较迟,不宜在本地种植。     

响水县粳稻新品种(系)对比试验总结

为探索和研究不同粳稻品种的特征和特性,筛选出适合响水县自然生态条件种植的水稻新品种,选择13个粳稻新品种(系)进行对比试验。结果表明:连粳7号、连粳6号和宁粳4号特征特性、产量表现均比较好,目前在响水县大面积种植综合表现也比较好;新稻25和连粳9号在本试验中产量表现较好,但其特征特性与产量水平年度间的差异性有待于进一步试验示范。     

常规粳稻品种引种观察试验初报

以苏粳9号、南粳46、中嘉8号等12个品种为研究材料,进行多点试验,以筛选适合邵阳区域及相同生态类型地区种植的常规粳稻品种。试验结果表明,苏粳9号、南粳46、中嘉8号等3个品种丰产性好,米质优,生育期适中,可在邵阳作一季稻或双季晚稻适度推广应用。     

机插粳稻新品种比较试验研究

通过粳稻新品种机插种植比较试验研究,结果表明,扬粳687、大粮203全生育期131～133 d,早熟;其余品种全生育期141～150 d,比扬粳687、大粮203迟熟10 d以上。早熟比迟熟品种产量相对要低,中稻1号产量最高,大粮203产量最低。中稻1号、淮稻5号、宁粳4号综合表现较好,适宜大面积推广,其余品种需扩大示范或再示范。     

淮北地区粳稻新品种(系)对比试验总结

为了筛选出适合响水县种植的粳稻品种,应用8个常规粳稻品种(系)进行了对比试验。结果表明:连粳7号和宁粳4号综合性状表现较好,适合在响水县水稻生产推广应用。     

泰兴市2015年水稻新品种适应性研究

探索水稻11个新品种在泰兴市的生育期、植株性状、抗灾性能、产量表现.结果表明武运粳30号、武运粳31号表现抗倒性、抗病性比较突出,产量较高,但成熟期较迟,生育期较长,可作为机插秧的地区搭配种植品种,适当提前播种,不宜直播水稻.南粳52、盐粳13号综合表现熟期适中,产量相对较稳,可进一步扩大示范种植.武运粳24号、扬育粳2号、扬农稻1号综合表现出色,熟期适中,可作为泰兴市推广品种.     

优质早熟中粳新品种华粳9号特征特性及机插高产栽培技术

华粳9号是江苏省大华种业集团有限公司育种研究院于2014年选育成的优质中粳新品种,该品种于2016年参加国家黄淮稻区区域试验,2017年同步进行生产试验,2018年完成试验程序通过国家审定正式定名为华粳9号。该品种产量高、品质优、抗性好、熟期早,较对照徐稻3号早熟3 d,适于手栽、机插、直播等栽培方式。介绍了该品种的特征特性、区域试验、示范种植情况,阐述了该品种机插栽培技术要点,为其大面积推广提供科学依据。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.