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贵州喀斯特山区,人多地少,山大沟深、农业生产条件恶劣,生态环境恶化,农村贫因面大,经济落后,面对农业科技革命的到来,在改变农业和农村经济增长方式,遵循整体、协调、循环、再生原则,提出喀斯特地区生态农业的发展途径与对策。 相似文献
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在当前加快推进农业经济结构调整和落实严格的耕地保护政策的前提下,大力发展林下养鸡业,对节约土地资源,改善生态环境,发展生态农业,保持农村稳定,促进农业增效、农民增收,加快新农村建设具有重要意义。 相似文献
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都市农业与生态环境协调发展关系研究——以兰州市为例 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
为了探索内陆河谷盆地型城市的都市农业与生态环境协调发展的关系,以兰州市为例,通过构建都市农业发展综合指数和生态环境综合指数的指标体系,运用协调发展度模型,对兰州市2002—2012年都市农业与生态环境协调发展的关系进行量化分析。结果表明:兰州市都市农业发展与生态环境综合指数都是在曲折中上升,其协调发展类别由不协调到初级协调再到良好的阶段,在整个过程中,兰州都市农业发展的方式成为其主要的影响因素。 相似文献
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贵州喀斯特山区,人多地少,山大沟深,农业生产条件恶劣,生态环境恶化,农村贫困面大,经济落后,面对农业科技革命的到来,在改变农业和农村经济增长方式,遵循整体,协调,循环,再生原则,提出喀斯特地区生态农业的发展途径与对策。 相似文献
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DENG Zhao-jing 《保鲜与加工》2005,(1):153-156
A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed. 相似文献
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为明确稻瘟病菌杂交后代对水稻致病性的遗传规律,以亲本菌株HLJ6122和KA3杂交产生的后代群体为试验材料,将其接种于14个单基因系抗性水稻品种,对杂交后代进行毒性差异分析。结果表明,64个杂交后代菌株呈现显著的毒性分离,共出现53种毒性类型,无毒性/毒性分别表现为1∶1、1∶3、3∶1、15∶1。菌株KA3分别对IRBLi-F5、IRBLta-K1、IRBL12-M、IRBLta2-Pi持有1个无毒基因;对品种IRBLa-A、IRBLzt-T、IRBL7-W、IRBLkm-Ts、IRBL20-IR24持有2个无毒基因。64个后代菌株对品种IRBLk-Ka、IRBLz-Fu、IRBL19-M、IRBLb-B、IRBLkp-K60无毒性/毒性也符合1∶3,但2个亲本菌株HLJ6122和KA3对供试水稻品种致病性相同,因此难以判断无毒基因的来源。 相似文献
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基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为:(1)布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。(2)四个分区(即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区)的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区(3)从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。 相似文献
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母猪繁殖障碍成因分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
繁殖障碍是导致母猪淘汰的最主要因素,直接造成母猪非生产天数延长,繁殖猪群生产效率降低,严重影响猪场的经济效益。本文作者对引起母猪繁殖障碍的多方面因素,包括营养因素(如饲养水平、饲料品质、断奶日龄)、环境因素(如温度、湿度、通风、光照)、疫病因素、生产技术及管理因素进行了详细阐述。 相似文献
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香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。 相似文献
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Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
M. Auxiliadora Soriano Francisco Orgaz Francisco J. Villalobos Elías Fereres 《European Journal of Agronomy》2004,21(4):465-476
Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha−1, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha−1, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha−1 for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment. 相似文献
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评价咪鲜胺对菠萝黑腐病菌的抑杀作用,优化其防治菠萝黑腐病方法,为病害防治提供实用技术。采用生长速率法测定7种杀菌剂对黑腐病菌的生物活性;用光学显微镜观察咪鲜胺对病菌生长发育的影响;以菠萝果实为材料,评价咪鲜胺在不同使用浓度和不同浸果时间对黑腐病的防治效果,以优化其使用技术;测定处理后菠萝果实风味指标和咪鲜胺在菠萝果实的残留,明确咪鲜胺对菠萝果实品质的影响。结果显示,在7种杀菌剂中,咪鲜胺对黑腐病菌的抑制作用最强,EC50为0.01 μg/mL;0.05 μg/mL咪鲜胺可抑制芽管分化形成菌丝,从而严重抑制病菌的生长发育过程。用500 μg/mL咪鲜胺浸果1 min,28℃贮藏8、12、16天时,对黑腐病的防治效果可达70%~75%,防控效果稳定;处理后2 h、1天、2天、3天、4天、5天,咪鲜胺残留低于国家最高残留限量;处理后8、12、16、20天,菠萝果实可溶性固形物、总糖、总酸的含量与对照组差异不显著,但维生素C含量高于对照组。研究表明,咪鲜胺对菠萝黑腐病菌有较强的抑制作用,500 μg/mL咪鲜胺浸果1 min可有效防治菠萝果实采后黑腐病,保持菠萝果实的品质,不影响农产品安全。 相似文献
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Applicability of molecular markers in the context of protection of new varieties of cucumber 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
G. P. Bernet S. Bramardi D. Calvache E. A. Carbonell M. J. Asins 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(2):146-152
The growing number of candidate varieties presented every year at each national Plant Variety Protection Office and their decreasing genetic variability forces strategies to be adopted that will reduce costs without losing rigour when deciding about the acceptance or rejection of a candidate variety. Molecular markers have been envisaged as a reliable tool to establish differences, but can molecular markers be used for assessing distinctness? A comparison between a molecular and a morphological characterization of 41 seed samples belonging to 36 cucumber varieties and including several external controls has been carried out to investigate the applicability of molecular markers in the context of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) tests and the protection of new varieties. Both types of character indicate the same relationships among main groups, Dutch and Beth‐Alpha types, and Gerking and Slice types, the correlation between distance matrices being only 0.6489. Varieties considered uniform for morphological traits proved not to be so for molecular markers. Therefore, molecular characterization is not offering the same estimates of uniformity and relatedness between varieties as does morphological characterization. External controls were used to establish distinction limits with morphological and molecular dendrograms to focus on those varieties, which were suspiciously similar. The results with cucumber show that molecular identity could be used to assess any lack of distinctness and so corroborate the morphological assessment of candidate varieties. The morphological trait ‘type’ provides distinct characterization of varieties and the molecular characterization of candidate varieties could be used to design better field experiments to assess distinction within each group of morphological cucumber type. 相似文献