育好蛋雏鸭把“五关”

育好蛋雏鸭把“五关”傅宪华，姚洪校，叶祥生（浙江省临安市畜牧兽医站３１１３００）目前我国饲养的蛋鸭品种以小型麻鸭为主，主要品种有绍兴麻鸭、康贝尔鸭及一些地方良种，它们均具有体型小、产蛋率高、饲料报酬高、抗病力强等优点，但要蛋鸭高产高效，育好雏蛋鸭是重...     

“绍兴麻鸭”飞入江苏滨海带动苏北农民致富

4月13日，浙江省农科院卢立志教授在江苏滨海县考察后认为，该县境内废黄河沿线丰富的水资源和广阔的林地资源适宜大规模养殖“绍兴麻鸭”。同一天，国家水禽产业技术体系盐城地区蛋鸭示范基地、浙江省农科院畜牧兽医所盐城蛋鸭养殖示范中心揭牌，这表明“绍兴麻鸭”落户黄海之滨的方案正式实施。     

三个蛋鸭品种生产性能的观测与分析

本试验以金定鸭、褐色菜鸭和攸县麻鸭为素材,在相同的饲养管理和孵化条件下,对3个蛋鸭品种的产蛋性能、青壳率、受精率、受精蛋孵化率和不同阶段体重进行观测。结果表明:3个蛋鸭品种中攸县麻鸭300日龄产蛋量(144个)最高,见蛋日龄(96d)和开产日龄(123d)最早,因此3个蛋鸭品种中以攸县麻鸭产蛋性能最好;褐色菜鸭和攸县麻鸭公、母鸭30日龄体重、开产体重、300日龄蛋重差异均不显著(P0.05),由此可见,褐色菜鸭与攸县麻鸭属于同一类型蛋鸭品种。3个蛋鸭各品种的入孵蛋重与出壳重均呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。     

矿物质饲料添加剂对提高蛋鸭产蛋水平的研究

<正> 近些年来,我省蛋鸭生产发展迅速,饲养方式已逐步由传统的放养转为圈养。因而蛋鸭对矿物质等营养物质的需要也更加敏感。为了适应当前养鸭生产的要求,江西省矿物质饲料厂研制了“蛋鸭矿物质饲料添加剂”,委托我所进行蛋鸭饲养试验,取得满     

添加微生物植酸酶对中国绍兴麻鸭产蛋性能的影响

试验选用 1 2 0 0只 2 6周龄的中国绍兴麻鸭 ,随机分为 5个处理组 ,每个处理组 2 4 0只鸭 ,分为 4个重复 ,试验期 70天。观测微生物植酸酶替代日粮中部分磷酸氢钙对产蛋鸭生产性能的影响。结果表明 ,添加 3 0 0FTU/Kg植酸酶替代产蛋鸭高峰饲料中 70 %磷酸氢钙时就可保持产蛋鸭的生产性能不变。随着植酸酶添加量的增加 ,产蛋鸭的生产性能越好 ,添加 4 0 0FTU/Kg植酸酶替代产蛋鸭高峰饲料中70 %磷酸氢钙时 ,产蛋率极显著优于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )。添加 50 0FTU/Kg植酸酶替代产蛋鸭高峰饲料中70 %磷酸氢钙时 ,产蛋率极显著地优于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )、饲料转化率显著地优于对照组 (P <0 .0 5) ,采食量各组之间差异不显著。由此可见 ,植酸酶可以用于产蛋鸭高峰饲料中 ,且以添加 4 0 0～ 50 0FTU/Kg植酸酶活性单位的饲养效果最好     

绍兴麻鸭仔公鸭育肥效果的研究

绍兴麻鸭产蛋性能高，长期来，人们习惯用小母鸭育成产蛋鸭，而有近千万只小公鸭被废弃。近年来有关部门通过一系列探索，发现绍兴麻鸭仔公鸭具有瘦肉率高，味鲜肉美等特点。为了更好地开发利用绍兴麻鸭仔公鸭这一宝贵的品种资源，我们于１９９７～１９９８年对绍兴麻鸭仔...     

夏季控温笼养对不同品系缙云麻鸭生产性能的影响

本文旨在研究夏季控温笼养模式对不同品系缙云麻鸭生产性能的影响,为蛋鸭笼养研究提供资料。选取168只220日龄缙云麻鸭配套Ⅰ系、Ⅱ系、青壳系和青壳纯系(各42只),4个品系分别分为普通笼养(对照组)和控温笼养(试验组)2组,分别记录各组各品系缙云麻鸭的采食量、产蛋率和平均蛋重,试验期30 d。结果表明:试验组各品系缙云麻鸭采食量略高于对照组;试验组中配套Ⅱ系和青壳系的产蛋率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),配套Ⅰ系、Ⅱ系和青壳纯系的蛋重极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。提示控温笼养模式可有效降低蛋鸭热应激,提高蛋鸭的生产性能。     

绍兴麻鸭高产品系的培育

<正> “绍兴麻鸭纯系培育”,目的是把绍兴麻鸭这个优良的地方蛋鸭良种培育成产蛋多、耗料少、生活力强的现代高产蛋鸭品种。根据预定的技术指标,经过6年的育种,1985年培育出了我国第一流的高产蛋鸭品系,根据二个品系(即Wh系和Re系)4142只入舍母鸭的测定,各项指标都超过了预定的计划。其下达的预定指标和完成情况见下表:     

蛋鸭品种介绍

1绍兴鸭绍兴鸭,简称绍鸭,又称绍兴麻鸭、浙江麻鸭,是我国优良的高产蛋鸭品种。因原产地位于浙江旧绍兴府所辖的绍兴等县而得名。目前分布于江西、福建、湖南、广东、黑龙江等省份。成年鸭羽色有红毛绿翼梢鸭、带圈白翼梢鸭和全白羽鸭3种。红色绿翼梢鸭体型小巧,性情温顺,     

可提高产蛋率的中药——产蛋丰

中药的特色与优势是相对于西药而言的，特色是指依托中医理论、复方配伍、功效综合；优势是指毒副作用小，具有可再生性。河北华润动物药业有限公司通过多区域调查、多领域研究、多临床试点而研制成功了中药复方散剂——产蛋丰。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。