一例蛮羊截肢手术的报告

蛮羊属哺乳纲,偶蹄目,牛科,蛮羊属,是非洲仅有的一种野羊,分布在北非摩洛哥至埃及、大西洋海岸到红海。蛮羊栖息在荒凉的岩石和沙土地带,他们一般结戚家族生活在一起,其中一雄羊统领整个家族,其他成员为雌性和未成年幼仔。我园蛮羊现有共13只,8雄5雌,一群在散放区饲养共6雄,还有一群2雄5雌共7只混养,进行繁殖。     

一例蛮羊截肢手术的报告

<正>蛮羊属哺乳纲,偶蹄目,牛科,蛮羊属,是非洲仅有的一种野羊,分布在北非摩洛哥至埃及、大西洋海岸到红海。蛮羊栖息在荒凉的岩石和沙土地带,他们一般结戚家族生活在一起,其中一雄羊统领整个家族,其他成员为雌性和未成年幼仔。我园蛮羊现有共13只,8雄5雌,一群在散放区饲养共6雄,还有一群2雄5雌共7只混养,进行繁殖。1基本情况2013年5月,饲养员在打扫兽舍的时候,发现一     

我国科学家研究成功鹿性别控制技术

由辽宁省抚顺市农业科学研究院和中国农科院特产所、塔里木大学联手开发的鹿性别控制技术目前确认获得成功,接受试验的母鹿顺利产下雄、雌仔鹿各5只,性别符合率达100%,各项指标正常。有关专家指出,这项技术的研究成功,不仅能够控制仔     

圈养熊狸(Arctictis binturong)食崽原因分析

目前我园有熊狸6只,2雄3雌1崽,置于繁殖场1栋2号笼。从2012年至2020年,配置的饲养员大部分都是非专业的聘用工,流动性很大,饲养技术没有得到很好的传承,导致8年间共繁殖11只幼崽,成活4只,死亡7只,成活率仅36.36%,有71.42%的死亡幼崽死于被食。笔者于2018年初任职至今观察到2次熊狸繁殖活动,一次幼崽被母兽吃掉,一次幼崽成活。由此可见,观察往年的数据,研究熊狸的食崽行为对于提高繁殖成活率非常重要。研究发现,熊狸产后采取隔离、增加饲料、增加隐蔽物等措施能有效提高幼崽成活率。     

人工哺育非洲狮常见病的防治

我园饲养成年非洲狮6只(2雄4雌),模仿自然环境建造适合它们生活的狮区散养。从2001年6月始,4只母狮陆续产仔,到目前共计产仔8胎13仔。因头胎产仔的母狮母性差,加上开始时产舍准备不充分、周围环境嘈杂等原因,个别母狮对仔护理不善,遇到意外刺激叼、压仔狮,造成2胎3仔于1-3日龄死亡。为了减少死亡,闭路电视监视将18小时内吃不到母乳的4只狮和1只被压体质差的仔狮取出人工哺育,成活4只,成活率8%。现将人工哺育过程中的常发病报告如下。     

长春封闭群日本大耳白兔生长发育的研究

为深入了解长春封闭群日本大耳白兔的生长发育规律,对32只（16g,16♂）父母代长春封闭群日本大耳白兔及45只（25♀,20♂）自繁F1代日本大耳白兔生长发育阶段体重、体长、耳长及耳宽等生长指标进行了系统的测定与统计分析。结果表明：母代雄兔与仔代雄兔、母代雌兔与仔代雌兔的体重、体长、耳宽、耳长、体重日增、体长日增、耳长日增和耳宽日增等指标之间差异显著（P〈0．05）。因此,长春日本大耳白兔母代与仔代间发育规律有显著差异。     

仔熊急性结膜炎治疗一例

1990年7月26日,我区人工饲养的一只野生仔熊突发急性结膜炎,现将治疗情况报告如下:1.病因时值炎热夏季,5只4月龄仔熊共养在面积不足1 m~(2)的铁笼中,通风散热不足,而且铁笼靠玻璃窗放置,受阳光直射刺激,而诱发本病.2.临床症状 7月26日晨,患熊左眼表现怕光,流泪,眼睑肿胀,球结膜发红,用消炎眼药水点眼无效.下午眼睑外翻,眼结膜从眼裂处露出,色鲜红,紧贴于眼球上,并呈环形向瞳孔周围覆盖.患熊在笼中来回窜动.     

提高黑熊繁殖率的有效措施

正随着国家对养熊业要求的提高,每个熊场必须有半数以上的黑熊参加繁殖,从而保证不从野外捕捉黑熊,并使养熊业持续发展,目前各大养熊场黑熊繁殖基本都已开始,并形成一定的规模[1]。延边地区各熊场每年产黑熊幼仔600~700只,而成活率却在50%~60%之间徘徊。通过多年的生产实践,笔者研究总结了提高黑熊幼仔成活率的有效技术措施,使其幼仔成活率逐年提高,至2005年黑熊幼仔成活率提高到80%。现将技术介绍如下,供同行参考。     

幼畜与苍耳籽饼

1989年11月份,黑龙江省854农场发生苍耳籽饼中毒.重症奶牛22头,其中18头犊牛全部死亡;重症梅花鹿20只,其中17只仔鹿全部死亡;重症棕熊7只,其中幼熊一只死亡,现报告如下. 苍耳籽饼饲料配方:苍耳籽饼9%、玉米50%、豆粕26%、麦麸15%.顿饲喂量:牛2公斤,鹿1公斤、熊2公斤.     

舍饲条件下熊的人工繁殖研究

本研究表明在纯舍饲条件下,进行熊的人工繁殖是完全可行的。本文对舍饲条件下熊发情、交配、分娩、哺乳、仔熊发育及饲养管理等方面进行观察和研究,对怀孕雌熊采用HCG法进行晚期妊娠诊断研究,介绍了哺乳期幼熊可由其它代乳母熊泌乳护养并进行了熊奶中蛋白质和氨基酸组成含量测定。     

棕熊原发性睾丸非霍奇金小B细胞淋巴瘤1例报告

2006年6月,黑龙江某熊类饲养场1头7岁雄性患病棕熊,因左侧阴囊有一肿物而就诊.经体格检查和B超检查确诊为实质性肿瘤,进行手术切除,同时保留右侧健康睾丸.肿瘤有包膜,表面呈菜花状,质地稍硬,B超显示实质型肿物.切面白色,有无色液体流出.病理切片发现睾丸正常组织部分消失,淋巴瘤细胞在正常组织中弥漫浸润.淋巴瘤细胞大小基...     

Effect of the change of social environment on the behavior of a captive brown bear (Ursus arctos)

We observed the behavior of a captive sterilized male brown bear before and after the death of his female sibling to investigate the effect of the change of social environment on his behavior and welfare. Observations were carried out by continuous recording during daylight for 6 wk prior to hibernation when the bear was kept with the sibling, and they were repeated 2 years later when the bear was alone (total observation time is 108 h). Feeding, moving, and the total amount of time spent resting (including sleeping and alert inactive) were not affected by the change of social environment. However, when the bear was alone, the percentage of time he spent alert inactive almost trebled (pair, 17.7 ± 3.3%; alone, 48.5 ± 5.5%; P < 0.001), and the time spent sleeping was less than one-third (pair, 51.1 ± 6.1%; alone, 14.2 ± 5.0%; P < 0.001) than when the female was present. The bear spent most of his sleeping time in lateral lying posture (a posture probably associated with rapid eyes movement sleep). The percentage of time dedicated to this posture was significantly reduced after the death of his sibling (pair, 35.9 ± 7.4%; alone, 15.0 ± 5.4%; P < 0.05), whereas the percentage of time spent in quadrupedal posture increased (pair, 17.1 ± 5.4%; alone, 37.8 ± 7.8; P < 0.05). One of the possible reasons for these changes may be an increased risk perception of the bear after the death of his sibling. Our results highlight the importance of social environment and of its changes, which should be carefully considered to maintain captive bears in good welfare conditions.     

不同公母配比对提高豪猪繁殖性能的影响

为探讨不同公母配比对提高豪猪产仔数、存活数等繁殖性能的影响。选取2岁左右、胎次及产仔数相近的成年豪猪92只(32公60母),随机分为5组,每组4个重复,分别按1公1母、1公2母、1公3母、2公5母、3公4母搭配分成5种试验方案,各组采用相同的日粮进行饲喂,经过1年的试验,期间记录各组豪猪的流产母豪猪数、产仔母豪猪数、产仔数、食仔数、成活仔豪猪数。结果表明:5种不同的公母搭配中,公母配比为1公2母的产仔率和仔豪猪的成活率分别达到了87.50%、94.12%,平均产仔数为2.13只,繁殖性能和经济效益最理想。     

雌性动情状态和雄性等级对布氏田鼠社会行为的影响

在雄性竞争条件下,不同动情雌性布氏田鼠与雄鼠之间行为观察表明:(1)雌鼠动情状态下,优势雄鼠的攻击、自我修饰行为以及交配频次与交配时间均显著高于从属雄鼠,并具有交配优先权;优先被动情雌性选择交配。而从属雄鼠则表现出更频繁的上跳(逃跑或亢奋)行为。(2)当雌鼠处于非动情状态下,雌鼠与优势雄鼠间的相互嗅问行为频次显著高于雌鼠与从属鼠;优势鼠对雌鼠和从属雄鼠的攻击行为频次均显著高于从属鼠对雌鼠和优势雄鼠的攻击;从属鼠也表现出频繁的上跳行为。(3)在与不同雌鼠动情状态下共栖时,从属雄鼠对动情雌鼠的攻击行为频次显著高于对非动情雌鼠;优势雄鼠和从属雄鼠,与非动情雌鼠的友好行为频次均高于雌鼠;与非动情状态雌鼠共栖,雄鼠之间的友好行为频次显著高于动情雌鼠状态。(4)雌鼠动情状态和雄鼠等级会影响雌雄鼠之间的相互行为,动情雌鼠优先与优势雄鼠交配。     

Mobility of the forearm skeleton in the Asiatic black (Ursus thibetanus), brown (U. arctos) and polar (U. maritimus) bears

In several primates and carnivores, pronation/supination angles of the forearm skeleton were examined, and it is thought that a larger angle is useful to acquire dexterous behaviors in feeding and/or life style, including climbing. In this study, the pronation/supination angles in Asiatic black, brown and polar bears were nondestructively examined. These specimens were classified as adult or non-adult. Three or four carcasses of each group of Asiatic black and brown bears were used for CT analysis, whereas only one adult polar bear was used. The forearms were positioned within the gantry of a CT scanner in both maximally supinated and pronated states. Extracted cross-sectional CT images of two positions were superimposed by overlapping the outlines of each ulna. The centroids of the radii were detected, and then the centroid of each radius and the midpoint of a line which connects between both ends of the surface of each radius facing the ulna, were connected by lines to measure the angle of rotation as an index of pronation/supination. In adult brown and polar bears, the angles were smaller as compared with the other groups (Asiatic black and non-adult brown bears). Asiatic black and non-adult brown bears can climb trees, whereas adult brown bears and polar bears cannot. This suggests that the pronation/supination angle is related to arboreal activity in Ursidae.     

The first report of urine overmarking of pro-oestrus female dung by a male white rhino

Although observed in other Perrisodactyla, urine overmarking in white rhinos has not been described. Using a single opportunistic sighting, we were able to collect two dung samples from one oestrous female white rhino; one unmarked and one overmarked with male urine. Because of the behaviour of both the male and the female, we suggest that the female was in pro-oestrus. We hypothesised that the function of overmarking by the male was for oestrus concealment (i.e. odour masking), as observed in horses. Because dung from oestrous female white rhinos emits a higher proportion of alkanes than non-oestrous dung, we expected the proportion of alkanes emitted from oestrous dung to decrease after overmarking. In contrast, we found that after overmarking the proportion of alkanes emitted increased. We suggest that the function of urine overmarking in white rhinos could be to conceal all signals of reproductive condition, so that neither oestrous nor non-oestrous signals are recognisable, or that a signal is added to indicate that the female has been mated.     

不同性别肉鸡心肌易颤性、血清酶活性和电解质水平的比较

对不同性别肉鸡的心肌易颤性、血清酶活性和电解质水平进行了比较,结果表明:(1)雄性肉鸡的电刺激诱颤阈和输钾诱颤阈均显著低于雌性肉鸡(P<0.05),二者均表明雄性肉鸡的心肌易颤性高于雌性肉鸡;(2)冷加压试验:冷加压5 min内心率和PT波宽出现了显著的变化,而且变化幅度雄性肉鸡均明显大于雌性肉鸡,提示雄性肉鸡的心肌易颤性高于雌性肉鸡;(3)雄性肉鸡LDH活性和CK活性极显著高于雌性肉鸡(P<0.01),而AST活性无显著差异(P>0.05);(4)K 、Na 、Cl-浓度均无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

马来熊胆囊癌一例

苏州市动物园1只25岁雌性马来熊(Helarctos malayanus)于2019年9月18日起腹围缓慢增大,治疗6周后,于2019年11月4日死亡。解剖发现有胸腔积液、腹腔积液、肝硬化、胆结石等组织病变,送检病变组织样本。化验报告:心肌轻度萎缩,肾间质慢性炎细胞浸润,肝脏、胆囊、肺脏病理切片显示大量癌栓/转移性低分化腺癌;胆汁、胸腔积液和腹腔积液中均分离出大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和迟钝爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)2种细菌;诊断为结石性胆囊癌引起的渗出性腹水。在野生动物中,临床表现为腹水的胆囊癌较为少见,马来熊相关文献资料缺乏,本文将记述该动物的病程,解剖及检查结果,以供大家参考。     

不同周龄麒麟鸡生长性能测定

为了测定麒麟鸡的生长性能，选用1日龄雏鸡204只，分为公母2个处理组，每个处理有6个重复，每个重复17只，进行为期16周龄的试验。结果表明：1日龄公母体重分别为34．74g和33．85g，两者间无显著差异（P〉0．05），16周龄体重分别为2465．01g和1791．36g，第2～16周公母间体重差异一直处于极显著水平（P〈0．01）。麒麟鸡母鸡的料重比均高于公鸡。公鸡的生长速率均高于母鸡，随着日龄的增加，相对生长速率均呈现逐渐下降趋势。     

水分胁迫下雌雄异株植物葎草繁殖策略的可塑性调节

研究雌雄异株草本植物应对环境胁迫的繁殖策略及生殖分配可塑性,对发展雌雄异株植物的生活史进化理论和该类植物资源保护利用具有重要意义。实验以葎草为材料,通过设置轻度(LS)、中度(MS)、重度(RS)水分胁迫梯度,研究雌、雄单株的花芽分化、生物量分配、花穗性状、花药(或子房)数、花粉数及活力等与生殖生长相关的可塑性。结果表明:1)葎草通过提前花芽分化应对水分胁迫,雄株先于雌株进入生殖生长(P＜0.01)。2)雄株增加生殖分配应对LS胁迫,雌株减少花穗生物量应对水分胁迫;在RS胁迫时雄株的生殖分配为雌株的近3倍。3)葎草通过减少花穗数应对胁迫,雄株显著增加单个花穗的小花数来应对轻中度缺水(P＜0.05),雌株则减少开花频次降低水分胁迫下生殖能量消耗。4)轻中度水分胁迫对雌株子房宽度无显著影响;中重度胁迫虽使雄株显著缩短了花药长度、减少了单个花药的花粉数(P＜0.05),但花粉大小、花粉活性受影响较小。5)雄株花穗的POD和SOD活性显著高于雌株,雄株对水分胁迫更加敏感。在水分胁迫下,葎草在生存和防御功能稳定的基础上,可以通过协调分配有限资源,实现有性繁殖来完成草本植物较为短暂的生活史。