现代灌溉设备与塑料节水灌溉器材

讨论了现代灌溉设备的特点，塑料节水灌溉器材是现代灌溉设备的重要部分，是现代农业高效节水灌溉不可替代的物质条件；从我国自然经济特点出发认为，我国塑料节水灌溉器材整体技术水平不高，适应性不足，提出“十五”期间在塑料节水灌溉器材的发展，要解决的几个重要技术问题。     

关于建设国家节水灌溉试验与监测网络的建议

简要回顾了我国节水灌溉试验发展的历程和取得的重要成果；阐述了在新时期我国节水灌溉试验工作所面临的新问题，并建议在过去节水灌溉试验网的基础上建设国家节水灌溉试验与监测网络。论述了我国国家节水灌溉试验与监测网络的战略定位与具体功能，对网络的区域布局、具体运行方式和保障条件建设提出了建议，对未来应开展的重大协作研究课题进行了讨论。     

浅谈入世对我国节水灌溉设备发展的影响与应对措施

入世对我国节水灌溉设备的发展而言是风险与利益并存，挑战与机遇同在。本文分析了目前我国节水灌溉设备的现状，闸述了加入WTO对我国节水灌溉设备发展的影响，并提出应对措施。     

我国近短期大面积发展节水灌溉的预测

从我国农业灌溉发展的现状，分析了今后大面积发展节水灌溉的可行性；对我国近期与短期工程节水灌溉发展面积进行了预测及简要分析；对水稻节水灌溉发展面积作了粗略预测；并依据我国现代农业种植结构和今后调整状况，对八大类作物节水灌溉面积结构作了简要说明。     

发展我国设施农业节水灌溉技术的对策研究

大力推广农业节水灌溉，是从根本上解决我国农业缺水问题的重要措施。在设施农业上大力推广现代节水灌溉技术，将更有利于我国节水农业的稳步发展。本文分析了我国农业的特点和面临的水资源短缺的严峻状况；回顾了国内外设施农业的发展形势和节水灌溉技术与设备的应用现状；提出设施农业实施节水灌溉的重要性和今后大力发展设施农业节水灌溉技术的对策。     

浅析我国节水灌溉产品质量技术监督的有效性

简要介绍了我国节水灌溉产品市场及质量状况，分析了我国产品质量技术监督模式，指出应大力开展节水灌溉产品质量认证。在分析现有工作条件基础后，提出了开展节水灌溉产品质量技术监督工作的若干建议。     

“十五”节水灌溉发展存在的问题

阐述了节水灌溉的概念和内涵，结合水资源现状分析了我国发展节水灌溉的必要性，并根据我国农业特点和社会经济条件分析了“十五”期间节水灌溉发展中存在的农业现代化水平低、实用节水产品少、思想存在误区、灌区管理不善、缺乏激励机制和忽略生态环境等问题，最后探讨了“十一五”期间节水灌溉发展的适宜对策。     

管道输水灌溉技术

管道输水灌溉技术目前已成为世界农业节水灌溉的一项关键技术。由于管道输水灌溉投资少，节水效益显著，近20年来我国管道输水灌溉发展较快，但还远不适应农田灌溉对节水的要求。我国北方灌区现有井灌面积1133万多公顷，管道灌溉面积还不到1／3，大面积的提水和自流灌区仍以明渠输水灌溉为主。但目前管道输水灌溉的标准较低，影响了节水灌溉的水平。因此，我国的农田遭溉还存在较大的节水潜力，作为节水灌溉主要措施之一的管道输水边溉技术将面临更广阔的发展前景。1管道输水灌溉系统的组成作为完整的节水灌溉系统，管道输水灌溉系统应该包…     

加入WTO后我国节水灌溉设备发展前景

我国目前发展节水灌溉所用的设备大部分是国产设备，虽然性能水平和质量与国际先进水平有较大差距，但由于关税等原因，国产设备在价格上仍有较大优势。加入WTO后，随着关税的逐步降低，国产设备将面临极为严峻的形势。面对国外节水灌溉设备在国内市场的强有力挑战，我国应加快国产传统节水灌溉设备的更新换代，开发适合我国国情的新型节水灌溉设备；加快国内节水灌溉设备生产企业的重组和联合，加速节水灌溉设备的产业化；重点发展我国具有优势的节水灌溉设备，以及积极和外资外企合作在国内生产高新技术设备。     

试论水稻灌溉节水的途径

试论水稻灌溉节水的途径李永和（浙江省水利水电科学研究院）１我国水稻节水灌溉的现状目前，我国水稻节水灌溉，主要分为水稻旱种（包括轮作等农业措施，以便拦蓄雨水）和水稻控制灌溉两大类。其中控制灌溉是水稻节水灌溉发展的主流。从田间用水管理上分，有浅水灌溉、湿...     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。