鸡卵黄抗体及其在肉鸡生产中的应用

<正>卵黄抗体(immunoglobulin of egg yolk,IgY)又称卵黄免疫球蛋白(Egg yolk immunoglobulin),是特异性抗原刺激禽类后,由机体内B淋巴细胞产生并移行至卵黄中的特异性抗体,大多数为IgG。目前研究最多、应用最广范的是鸡IgY。鸡IgY生物学优势明显,具有强大的免疫学功能,且鸡蛋具有价格便宜、收集便捷及均一稳定等优点,已被广泛应用于生物制品、兽医临床以及饲料生产等多个领域,在动物     

兽用卵黄抗体的研究与应用

<正>卵黄抗体(Yolk antibody)是产蛋鸡受特定抗原免疫后产生的特异性抗体,并转移、贮存在卵黄中的免疫球蛋白,故又称卵黄免疫球蛋白(Immunoglobulin of yolk,IgY)。它是卵黄中唯一的免疫球蛋白,与哺乳动物来源的IgG比较,卵黄抗体具有取材方便、分离纯化方法简单、产量高,同时具有针对性强、特异性高和稳定性好等优点,可克     

鸡卵黄抗体IgY研究进展

鸡卵黄抗体(immunoglobulin of egg yolk,IgY)是卵黄中存在的免疫球蛋白,是由鸡血液中的IgG经过受体介导转移至卵黄中的球蛋白,对新生个体具有重要的保护作用。IgY因具有一些特殊结构和生物学性质,在某些疾病的防治中有着比哺乳动物IgG等更大的优势,从而被称为一种新生代抗体。本文就近些年来对鸡卵黄IgY理化特性、分离纯化方法、受体以及其在一些疾病防治中应用的研究作一概述。     

卵黄抗体分离、提取和纯化方法研究进展

卵黄抗体即卵黄免疫球蛋白(Egg Yolk Im-munoglobulin,IgY),目前研究较多的是鸡卵黄抗体。母鸡接受免疫后,在卵黄成熟期,血液中的免疫球蛋白IgG选择性地转移到卵黄中形成IgY。IgY是一种7 S免疫球蛋白,分子量180kD,由两条重链(分子量67～70 kD)和两条轻链(分子量22～30 kD)组成,等电点接近5.2。IgY的结构虽与IgG相似,但其Fc段氨基酸组成与IgG相差很大,不结合类风湿因子,不与蛋白A、G以及哺乳     

卵黄抗体纯化和浓缩的研究进展

卵黄抗体(immunoglobulin of egg yolk,IgY)是禽卵黄中存在的免疫球蛋白,是由禽血液中的IgG转移至卵黄中产生的对子代具有保护性作用的抗体。IgY的分子质量约为180 ku,由2条轻链和2条重链组成,其中轻链分子质量为22～30 ku,重链分子质量为67～70 ku,等电点接近5.2。与IgG相比,IgY具有动     

卵黄抗体在动物疾病应用中的研究进展

卵黄免疫球蛋白(egg yolk immunoglobulins)是指从免疫禽蛋中提取出的针对特定抗原的抗体,简称为IgY。自Klemperer(1983)首次报道鸡蛋中存在抗体以来,对卵黄抗体的研究越来越多,认识越来越深入,应用也越来越广泛。卵黄免疫球蛋白价格便宜、制备方便,具有其它抗体不可比拟的优点,是当今生物科学研究的一个热点。     

卵黄抗体在疾病防治中的应用

卵黄抗体(immunoglobulin of yolk,Ig Y)指从免疫禽蛋中提取出的针对特定抗原的抗体,是存在于卵黄中的最主要免疫球蛋白,具有特异性强、化学性质稳定、产量高、成本低以及动物种系发生距离远的优势,且无任何毒副作用,已被广泛应用于畜禽疾病及人类疾病的防治中。本文阐述了卵黄抗体的优势性质和结构特点,以及卵黄抗体在动物疾病、人类疾病及人兽共患病防治等方面的应用及发展前景。     

卵黄免疫球蛋白的最新研究概况及应用前景

卵黄免疫球蛋白（Immunoglobulin of yolk．IgY）,又称卵黄抗体,是鸡（或者说禽类）经特定抗原免疫后．可产生相应的特异性抗体．并不断储存于卵黄中的抗体,它是卵黄中唯一的免疫球蛋白。作为动物疾病诊断与防治的生物制剂,具有安全、高效、无毒副作用等优点,并在疾病诊断和防治等领域得到了广泛的应用。     

卵黄抗体不同提取方法的比较

卵黄抗体(egg yolk antibodies,IgY)是指鸡、鸭、鹅等蛋禽卵黄中存在的抗体,也称卵黄免疫球蛋白(egg yolk immunoglobulins,IgY)[1].从含高效价抗体的禽蛋黄中提取、制备的IgY在人类和动物疾病的防治中具有特效作用.IgY具有均一性好,对热、酸和碱稳定性好等优点.蛋黄含有丰富的营养物质,是细菌生长的良好培养基,易使蛋黄抗体腐败变质.因此,精制蛋黄抗体的大规模工业化生产必须解决提取纯化这一关键难题.试验比较了4种成本低和提取率高的提取方法,以期得到理想的IgY提取方法,为今后的生产实践提供科学的依据.     

禽卵黄抗体简介

20世纪60年代,据willams发现免疫鸡的卵黄中存在大量的抗体,与血清中的抗体（IgG）相似,这种抗体被命名为Igy（immunoglobulin yolk）。是机体受到外来抗原刺激后,法氏囊内的B细胞分化成为浆细胞,分泌特异性抗体进入血液循环,当血液流经卵巢时,特异性抗体（主要是IgG）在卵细胞中逐渐积蓄,形成卵黄抗体。Igy的结构与哺乳动物的IgG相似,分子量约为180千道尔顿,具有典型的免疫球蛋白的空间构象。     

黄酮类化合物影响卵磷脂的研究进展

黄酮类化合物对机体有重要生理功能,能促进机体脂质代谢、提高免疫功能、改善生产性能,是一类具有广阔发展前景的新型饲料添加剂。本文综述了蛋黄卵磷脂在肝脏中合成过程和转运途径,探讨黄酮类化合物能够提高蛋黄卵磷脂含量的可能性。     

One-generation divergent selection on large and small yolk proportions in a White Leghorn line

1. A striking change in egg consumption from shell eggs toward egg products is taking place. Consequently, internal egg quality traits must be seen in a different light, as they may affect the profitability of the egg processing industry. In order to study the possibility of using breeding as a means to alter yolk production, a one-generation divergent selection experiment was set up. The trait was yolk proportion. The effect of hen's age on egg composition was also studied. Genetic parameters for yolk proportion, yolk weight, egg weight and albumen weight were estimated, using a multiple trait animal model, and restricted maximum likelihood. 2. Selection response was obtained for yolk proportion and correlated selection responses for yolk weight and albumen weight. In the 'high line' a decrease in egg weight and an increase in yolk weight was established, whereas in the 'low line', egg weight remained more or less the same and yolk weight decreased slightly 3. Yolk proportion, yolk weight, egg weight and albumen weight all increased with increasing age of the hen in both selection lines. The difference between selection lines in yolk proportion, yolk weight and albumen weight persisted throughout the laying period. 4. Estimated heritabilities for yolk proportion, yolk weight, egg weight and albumen weight were 0.38, 0.22, 0.34 and 0.41 respectively. The genetic correlation between yolk proportion and yolk weight was 0.52, whereas the genetic correlations with egg weight and albumen weight were -0.51 and -0.74 respectively. 5. We conclude that selection can be used to alter yolk production. Selection can be at an early age with a sustained effect throughout the laying period.     

不同周龄母鸡鸡蛋及不同蛋壳质地鸡蛋的蛋品质比较

本文比较了同一品种不同周龄(26、40周龄和64周龄)母鸡所产蛋的蛋壳品质和蛋品质,包括蛋重、蛋壳相对重、蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄颜色、蛋黄指数、蛋黄比率、哈氏单位、蛋清pH值。之后,还比较了该鸡种不同蛋壳质地鸡蛋(正常蛋和砂壳蛋)之间上述指标的差异。结果表明:在不同周龄母鸡所产蛋之间,蛋重、蛋黄指数、蛋黄比率、哈氏单位等均存在显著差异(p<0.05),而蛋壳厚度之间差异不显著(p>0.05)。此外,蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋黄颜色、蛋黄比率随着母鸡周龄的增加呈上升趋势,而蛋壳强度、蛋壳相对重、哈氏单位、蛋黄指数、蛋清pH值呈下降趋势。最后,蛋壳质地不同的鸡蛋(正常蛋与砂壳蛋)之间,蛋重、蛋壳相对重、蛋壳强度、蛋清pH值之间存在极显著差异(p<0.01),而其他参数之间差异不显著(p>0.05)。     

Studies on the Effect of Supplementing Boar Semen Cryopreservation Media with Different Avian Egg Yolk Types on in Vitro Post-thaw Sperm Quality

Fertility after insemination of cryopreserved boar semen is currently below that of fresh semen. In an attempt to improve the post-thaw motility and acrosome integrity of boar sperm, semen was frozen using an adapted Westendorf method in which the chicken egg yolk was replaced by either duck or quail egg yolk. The different composition of the yolk types, particularly the amount of cholesterol, fatty acids and phospholipids, were thought to potentially afford a greater level of protection to sperm against damage during freezing and thawing. Sperm frozen in medium containing chicken egg yolk displayed higher motility immediately after thawing, but there was no difference in the motility of sperm frozen with different types of egg yolk 3 or 6 h after thawing and maintenance at 37 degrees C. Sperm frozen in media containing chicken or duck egg yolk had a higher proportion of intact acrosomes immediately after thawing than sperm frozen in medium containing quail egg yolk, but 6 h after thawing and maintenance at 37 degrees C the sperm that had been frozen in medium containing chicken egg yolk had a higher proportion of intact acrosomes than the sperm frozen in media containing duck or quail egg yolk. Analysis of the composition of the different yolk types showed that the basic components of the yolks were similar, but the ratios of fatty acids and phospholipid classes differed. Duck egg yolk had more monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) than chicken egg yolk, which had more MUFA than quail egg yolk. Duck egg yolk contained more phosphotidylinositol (PI) than chicken or quail egg yolks and quail egg yolk contained more phosphotidylserine than either chicken or duck egg yolks. The differences in post-thaw motility and acrosome integrity of boar sperm when frozen in media containing the different types of egg yolk may be due to the variation in composition.     

鸵鸟卵黄对猪精子冷冻后质量的影响

为了提高猪冷冻精液品质和精子抵抗低温打击的能力,本研究以5%、10%、15%、20%和25%等不同浓度的鸵鸟卵黄作为冷冻保护剂,以20%的鸡蛋卵黄和20%的鸽蛋卵黄为对照,将冷冻-解冻后的精子活率、质膜完整率和顶体完整率作为评价指标,分析鸵鸟卵黄对猪精子的抗冷冻保护作用。结果表明：稀释液中添加20%鸽蛋卵黄时,精子活率、顶体完整率和质膜完整性分别为52.11%、55.62%和54.94%,显著高于其他组（P〈0.05）。虽然稀释液中添加15%鸵鸟卵黄时,冷冻-解冻后精子活率、顶体完整率和质膜完整率显著高于5%、10%、20%和25%鸵鸟卵黄组,但仍然显著低于稀释液中添加20%鸽蛋卵黄处理组。本研究表明,鸵鸟卵黄在冷冻过程中对猪精子具有一定的保护作用,但相对于鸽子蛋和鸡蛋卵黄效果并不理想。     

肉种鸡屠体肥度性状与蛋物理组成关系研究

以肉种鸡为素材,测量其42周龄蛋的物理组成和54周龄肉种鸡腹脂重(率),研究肉种鸡屠体肥度与蛋物理组成关系。结果表明:腹脂重(率)与蛋重、蛋黄重、蛋黄比例、蛋黄蛋白比例相关不显著;蛋重与蛋黄重、蛋白重存在极显著的正表型相关,与蛋黄比例、蛋黄蛋白比例呈显著的负表型相关;蛋黄重与蛋白重呈极显著的正表型相关,与蛋黄比例、蛋黄蛋白比例呈极显著的正表型相关;蛋白重与蛋黄比例、蛋黄蛋白比例呈极显著的负表型相关;蛋黄比例与蛋黄蛋白比例呈极显著正表型相关。     

Use of Powdered Egg Yolk vs Fresh Egg Yolk for the Cryopreservation of Ovine Semen

Egg yolk is a common additive to sperm cryopreservation diluents. Because of its animal origin, however, it also represents a potential risk of microbiological contamination in the diluent. This potential contamination can be avoided by using powdered egg yolk, instead of fresh egg yolk, as it is pasteurized. This study was conducted to determine ram sperm cryosurvival was affected by the type of egg yolk used (powdered egg yolk or fresh egg yolk) and by yolk concentration (10, 15 or 20%) in the diluent. Microbiological analyses were also performed to quantify the microbiological contamination in the diluents containing the two types of egg yolk. Sperm cryosurvival was determined by motility and morphology analyses after thawing. Motility parameters were assessed using a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system, and the percentage of sperm with a normal apical ridge was evaluated using a differential interference contrast microscope. No significant differences were observed between diluents in the percentage of sperm with normal apical ridge. However, higher percentages of total motile cells were observed for samples containing powdered egg yolk (69%) compared to samples containing fresh egg yolk (60%). However, sperm in diluents containing fresh egg yolk, exhibited higher values for average-path velocity, straight-line velocity and beat cross frequency and lower values for amplitude of lateral head displacement (p <0.05), compared to cells in diluents containing powdered egg yolk. Microbiological contamination was similar (<200 CFU/ml) in both diluents, and no bacterial growth was observed in either, when antibiotics were added. Therefore, powdered egg yolk can be effective used in diluents for the freezing of ram semen. However, the in vivo fertility of sperm frozen in diluents containing powdered egg yolk should be tested, as some motility parameters were different for sperm treated with powdered egg yolk compared to fresh egg yolk.     

Effects of Egg Yolk Source on the Cryopreservation of Stallion Spermatozoa

Three experiments were conducted to determine whether replacement of chicken egg yolk, as a component of freezing extenders, with egg yolk from other avian species would improve the post-thaw motility and percentage of intact acrosomes of stallion spermatozoa. In the first experiment, substitution of chicken egg yolk with chukar egg yolk, as a component of the lactose-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid extender, improved (P ≤ .05) the post-thaw motility of stallion spermatozoa. These results were not replicated in (IMV Technologies, Maple Grove, MN, USA) a more expansive study comparing 2%, 4%, 6%, or 8% egg yolk combined with INRA 96 when a “slow freeze” method was used, or the same substitution at levels ranging from 13% to 22% when egg yolk was combined with lactose-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for diluents used for a “fast freeze” method of cryopreservation. In the third study, egg yolks from regular and high omega-3 chicken eggs as well as from turkey, chukar, and mallard duck eggs were analyzed for lipid content and fatty acid profile. The yolk from the turkey eggs was higher (1,300 mg/100 g) and that from mallard ducks was lower (560 mg/100 g) in cholesterol as compared with the two types of chicken eggs and chukar egg yolk (range, 1,046-1,094 mg/100 g). In addition, the high omega-3 eggs did test higher for fatty acids (4.51 g/100 g) than other types of eggs (range, 0.28-0.73 g/100 g). Substitution of chicken egg yolk with turkey, but not duck, egg yolk resulted in higher post-thaw total motility (P ≤ .05) for spermatozoa obtained from two of the three stallions used in the third experiment.     

笼养与平养蛋鸭蛋品质测定与相关性分析

试验旨在比较笼养和平养方式对不同品种蛋鸭蛋品质的影响,以期为评价不同饲养方式下的鸭蛋品质提供参考依据。随机选取40周龄笼养和平养的金定鸭（青壳蛋）和山麻鸭（白壳蛋）鸭蛋各30枚于产后24 h内进行蛋品质测定。结果表明,同一品种笼养蛋鸭蛋重极显著大于平养蛋鸭蛋重（P<0.01）,蛋重与蛋壳重、蛋白重和蛋黄重之间均存在极显著正相关（P<0.01）,但不同类型鸭蛋的蛋黄重之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。青壳蛋的蛋壳强度显著高于白壳蛋（P<0.05）,笼养青壳蛋的蛋壳强度亦高于平养青壳蛋（P<0.05）。蛋的比重与蛋壳厚度呈极显著正相关（0.503,P<0.01）,与蛋壳强度的相关系数亦达到0.536（P<0.01）。4种类型鸭蛋的哈氏单位均达到72以上。虽然蛋白重与蛋黄重之间呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,但蛋白重与蛋黄比率之间却呈极显著的负相关（P<0.01）。蛋的比重与蛋黄重和蛋黄比率之间亦存在显著负相关（P<0.05）。以上结果表明,就蛋品质而言,蛋鸭养殖以采用笼养模式、选择青壳蛋鸭品种为宜。     

Inactivation of bovine herpesvirus 1 in semen using a hyperimmune egg yolk semen extender

Hyperimmune egg yolk semen extender was used for the inactivation of bovine herpesvirus (BHV-1) in experimentally infected bovine semen. As much as 5 x 10(4) TCID50/ml of virus was inactivated in semen as assayed by tissue culture. Moreover the hyperimmune egg yolk semen extender did not produce any adverse effect on the quality of the semen after being frozen/thawed in comparison with normal egg yolk semen extender (P > 0.05). The hyperimmune egg yolk semen extender is considered an important tool for containing the spread of BHV-1 from infected semen.