草甘膦加入硫酸铵提高防效

草甘膦是内吸型灭生性除草剂,用作杂草生长期茎叶处理,可防除马唐、狗尾草、画眉草、野苋等一年生杂草和多种多年生杂草。本文介绍草甘膦(N-膦羧甲基甘氨酸和氢氧化钠混剂)加入硫酸铵提高对杂草防     

果园杂草的防除

果园杂草的防除王玉沈阳市辽中化工总厂１１０２００果园中果树和杂草之间既相辅相成，又相克相抗。因此，要控制果园中的杂草生长，以确保果树的生长发育。一、果园杂草的常见种群果园中常见的杂草种群有：马唐、狗尾草、茅草、蟋蟀草、稗草、大画眉草、白洋草、获草、狗...     

麻黄田杂草种类调查及防除

经过4年对麻黄田杂草种类调查明确,在甘肃麻黄田常见杂草有39种,隶属于18个科,赖草、画眉草、蓄、荠菜、独行菜、反枝苋、狗尾草和藜最为常见。5月上旬至6月下旬为杂草发生高峰期。可通过药剂土壤处理、茎叶喷雾防治和人工拔除控制麻黄田杂草。     

狗尾草某些生物学特性的研究简报

狗尾草Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv.是黑龙江省杂草中仅次于稗草(Echinochloa erusgalli)的危害种群。据调查狗尾草发生频率为49％,危害指数16,以小麦,谷子、大豆、玉米田为多。     

我国几种禾谷类植物上Xanthomonas campestris致病变种的研究

 从我国新疆、内蒙、西藏、北京和山东等省区的小麦、大麦、野黑麦、冰草、偃麦草和雀麦上分离到13个黑颖病菌株,在苗期、分蘖期和孕穗期,喷雾接种16属27种禾本科植物,对其中感病的6属15种植物和燕麦又做注射接种。根据各个菌株对小麦、大麦、黑麦、冰草、偃麦草和雀麦的致病性差异,初步将其划分三个致病变种:1.禾谷类致病变种[X.campestris pv.cerealis (Hagborg) Dye.]:包括7个菌株,自然条件下发生在冰草、雀麦和偃麦草上;人工接种还可侵染小麦、大麦和黑麦。2.小麦致病变种(X.campestris pv.undulosa):包括4个菌株,自然条件下发生在小麦上,人工接种可侵染大麦和黑麦,但有一个菌株注射接种能轻度侵染雀麦。3.大麦致病变种(X.campestris pv.hordei):包括2个菌株,自然条件下发生在大麦上,注射接种能轻度侵染偃麦草。13个菌株喷雾接种猫尾草、早熟禾、画眉草、马唐、狗尾草、稗草、披碱草、羊茅草和水稻、均不侵染。     

新疆棉田杂草调查

采用倒置“W”九点取样法调查新疆棉田杂草结果明确,新疆棉田杂草有19科50种,其中禾本科杂草占18％,阔叶杂草占82％。相对多度达10以上的棉田杂草依次有马唐、田旋花、稗草、灰绿黎、画眉草、狗尾草、芦苇、反枝苋8种,其中双子叶杂草田旋花和灰绿黎,禾本科杂草马唐和稗草的相对多度在30以上,为新疆棉田杂草优势种群。     

50%敌稗可湿性粉剂防除小麦田杂草

敌稗是用于稻田防除1～3叶期稗草等禾本科杂草的除草剂。一般认为,小麦对敌稗的敏感性高于水稻,因此,多不用于小麦田。经过一系列试验表明,50%敌稗可湿性粉剂,对小麦的毒性低于常规敌稗乳油。准确使用敌稗可湿性粉剂,能有效地防除麦田狗尾草、毛马唐、金色狗尾草、繁缕、看麦娘、雀舌     

4种药剂防治压砂西瓜田一年生杂草田间药效试验

采用田间小区试验方法进行4种药剂防除压砂西瓜田杂草田间药效试验.结果表明：50％敌草胺乳油1125 g a.i./hm2、72％异丙甲草胺乳油756 g a.i./hm2可有效防除压砂西瓜田的小画眉草、地锦草、狗尾草、小藜、虎尾草等.     

三氟啶磺隆除草活性及对棉花的安全性评价

三氟啶磺隆是一种新型、高效、低毒的棉田除草剂,为明确其在我国棉田的应用前景,以嘧草硫醚为对照药剂,采用温室盆栽法对三氟啶磺隆的杀草谱、除草活性及对棉花的安全性进行了评价。结果表明:在有效成分11.25 g/hm2剂量下,三氟啶磺隆对香附子、狗尾草、鳢肠、小藜、画眉草、小飞蓬、千金子、鬼针草、苍耳、鹅肠菜和反枝苋的鲜重防效均在90%以上,且对棉田杂草香附子、苘麻、狗尾草、反枝苋和马齿苋的除草活性均高于嘧草硫醚,以ED50值计,其毒力分别是嘧草硫醚的171、13.6、12.6、10.5和3.82倍;三氟啶磺隆在华棉5号棉花与香附子、狗尾草、苘麻间的选择性指数分别为13.0、2.80和1.13,高于嘧草硫醚的2.29、1.78和0.86,但其在华棉5号与反枝苋和马齿苋间的选择性指数分别为2.80和1.74,低于嘧草硫醚的4.75和3.38;两种药剂在山农棉8号棉花与杂草间的选择性指数与华棉5号的相似。     

小麦秸秆对杂草种子萌发和土壤微生物代谢的影响

通过室内模拟小麦秸秆还田, 研究小麦秸秆对农田杂草种子萌发和土壤微生物代谢功能的影响。结果表明, 小麦秸秆对杂草种子的萌发抑制活性随秸秆还田的时间呈动态变化, 0~10 d抑草活性逐渐增强, 10 d后抑草活性逐渐降低。对狗尾草种子的萌发抑制效果最好, 在10 d时对狗尾草种子萌发抑制率高达83%。采用Biolog方法研究土壤微生物代谢功能, 10 d处理土壤微生物结构多样性及代谢活性显著高于其他处理。研究明确了小麦秸秆还田能够抑制杂草种子萌发, 并改变土壤微生物环境。     

伊犁河谷大豆田杂草发生现状及防除对策

新疆伊犁河谷大豆田杂草种类有7科13种,其中发生普遍、危害严重的优势种有灰绿藜、田旋花、稗、画眉草、金色狗尾草5种。杂草的防除,以精选种子、使用腐熟有机肥、合理栽培、轮作倒茬等农业防除措施为基础,化学防除为主要手段,可把杂草危害控制在最低程度。     

狗尾草属4种杂草对550g/L硝磺·莠去津SC的耐受性研究

采用室内生物测定方法研究了金色狗尾草[Setaria glauca（L.）Beauv.]、莠狗尾草[Setaria geniculata（Lam.）Beauv.]、狗尾草[Setaria viridis（L）Beauv.]和大狗尾草（Setaria faberriHerrm.）对除草剂550 g/L硝磺.莠去津SC的耐受性差异。结果表明：狗尾草属的不同种对550 g/L硝磺.莠去津的耐受性有较大差异。在相同剂量下,大狗尾草耐受性最强,其次为狗尾草,而金色狗尾草最敏感。550 g/L硝磺.莠去津825 g a.i./hm2剂量下对1叶龄的大狗尾草鲜重抑制率为17.2%,对同叶龄狗尾草、莠狗尾草和金色狗尾草的相应鲜重抑制率分别为99.3%、99.7%和99.8%。随着狗尾草属杂草叶龄的增大,550 g/L硝磺.莠去津对其鲜重抑制率降低。550 g/L硝磺.莠去津对狗尾草属杂草鲜重抑制率较其单一组分硝磺草酮和莠去津单独使用时明显提高。     

水稻矮缩病的研究Ⅲ寄主范围

 用黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix cincticeps)经卵带毒虫接种47种禾谷类作物和禾本科杂草,以无毒若虫进行回接和血清学反向间接炭凝法检测被接种植物。结果水稻矮缩病毒的寄主除水稻(oryza sativa L.)外,还有:Oryza sativa var.fatua,O.australiensis,O.barthii,O.brachyantha,O.latifolia,O.nivara,O.glaberrima,Hordeum distichum,H.distichum var.nudum,H.vulgare,Triticum aestivum,Secale cereale,Avena sativa,Zea mays saccharata,Setaria italica,S.viridis,S.Faberii,Echinochloa crusgalli,E.crusgalli var.hispidula,E.crusgalli var.mitis,Alopecourus aequalis,Paspalum thunbetgii,Polypogon fugax,Leersia japonica,Setaria lutescens,Eragrostis ferruginea,Lolium multizlorum.和Beckmannia erucaeformis.等28种。     

北京玉米和高粱上的玉米矮花叶病毒

 北京郊区玉米和高粱上的三个汁传病毒分离物鉴定为玉米矮花叶病毒株系B (MDMV),它可被桃蚜(Myzus persicoe)由玉米传至玉米,这三个分离物不侵染约翰逊草(Sorghum halepense(L) pers)。稀释终点是10^-2-10^-3;致死温度是50-55℃;体外保毒期是1-2天。MDMV的颗拉长度是735±15毫微米,在染病高粱叶的细胞质中观察到凤轮状内含体。狗尾草(Setaria viridis(L) Beauv),马唐(Digitavia Sanguinalis(L) Scop),蟋蟀草(Eleusine indica(L) Gaertn),矛叶荩草(Arthraxan Lancelatus(Roxb) Hochst)是北京地区MDMV的天然寄主。该病毒也侵染大油芒(Spodiopogon Sibiricus Trin)。     

Synthesis and herbicidal activity of phenyl-substituted benzoylpyrazoles

A novel series of substituted 3-phenyl benzoylpyrazoles were prepared and tested as potential grass herbicides. The targeted materials were prepared by three newly developed synthetic routes, which allowed a comprehensive study of the SAR (structure-activity relationships) of this series. The best combination of grass weed activity (Avena fatua L, Setaria viridis (L) Beauv and Alopecurus myosuroides Huds) and wheat selectivity was obtained with an alkoxy group in the 4-position of the phenyl ring. Activity was further enhanced by the presence of tert-butyl on the pyrazole and a methyl group at the C-2 position of the benzoyl moiety. The alkoxy-substituted 3-phenylbenzoylpyrazoles are a novel class of herbicides with potential utility for control of important grass weeds in cereals.     

Susceptibility of seven annual grasses to herbicides

The relative susceptibility of Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop, (large crabgrass), Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. (barn-yardgrass), Eriochloa villosa (Thumb.) Kunth. (hairy cup-grass), Setaria faberi Herrm. (giant foxtail), Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubb. (yellow foxtail), Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. (green foxtail) and Setaria viridis var. robusta-purpurea Schreiber (robust-purple foxtail) to alachlor, atrazine, butylate and cyanazine was studied under glasshouse conditions. Hairy cupgrass was the least susceptible to the herbicides tested, of which alachlor appeared to be the most effective. Large crabgrass was controlled by alachlor, butylate and cyanazine at all of the rates tested, but by atrazine only at rates above 0–56 kg/ha. All four herbicides provided acceptable control for barnyardgrass, giant foxtail, green foxtail, robust-purple foxtail, and yellow foxtail. The susceptibility of the grasses to cyanazine and alachlor was correlated with seed size. Alachlor was more effective in controlling green foxtail and hairy cupgrass when applied to the soil surface before emergence than when incorporated into the soil prior to sowing. Sensibility de sept graminées annuelles à divers herbicides La sensibilité relative des espéces suivantes: Eriochloa villosa (Thumb,) Kunth. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. (panic). Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop, (digitaire), Setaria faberi Herrm, (sétaire). Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., Seiaria viridis var. robusla-purpurea Schreiber ct Seiaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubb., (sétaires) a étéétudiéé en serre. vis-d-vis de I'atrazine. de la cyanazine, du butylate et de I'alachlore. Eriochloa villosa a été I'espéce la moins sensible aux herbicides essayds parmi lesquels I'alachlore s'est montré le plus efficace. La digitaire a été maitrisé par I'alachlore, le butylate et la cyanazine k toutes les doses essayees, mais pour I'atra-zine. seulement à des doses supérieures à 0.56 kg/ha. Ces quater herbicides ont donne des resultats acceptables contre le panic, et les sétaires (S. faberi, S. viridis, S. viridis var. robusta-purpurea, S. lutescens). La sensibilité des graminées à la cyanazine et à I'alachlore fut en corrélation avec la taille des semences. L'alachtore s'est montré plus efficace contre la sétaire S. viridis var. robusta-purpurea ct contre l'Eriochloa villosa quand il a été appliqué sur la surface du sol avant la levée que lorsqu'il a éié incorporé au sol avant le semis. Die Empfindlichkeit von sieben einjährigen Gräsern gegenüber Herbiziden. Es wurde die relative Empfindlichkeit von Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Echinochloa erus-galli (L.) Beauv., Eriochloa villosa (Thumb.) Kunth-, Setaria faberi Herrm., Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubb., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. und Setaria viridis var. robusta-purpurea Schreiber gegenuber Atrazin, Cyanazin, Butylat und Alachlor unter Gewächs-hausbedingungen untersucht. Eriochloa him war gegenúber den gepruften Herbiziden am wenigsten empfindlich, Alachlor scliien die beste Wirkung zu haben. Digiiaria sanguinalis wurde durch Alachkir. Butylat und Cyanazin bei alien gepruften Aiifwandmengen bekampft, durch Atrazin aber nur bei Aufwandmengen ilber 0.56 kg/ha. Alte vier Herbizide ergaben eine brauchbare Bekampfung von Echinochloa crus-galli, Seiaria Jabcri, Seiaria viridis. Setaria viridis var. robusta-purpurea und Setaria luiescens. Die Emptindlichkeit der Gräser gegenüber Cyanazin und Alachlor stand in Beziehung zur Samengrösse. Alachlor bekämpfte Seiaria viridis und Erioehloa villosa im Vor-auflaufverfahren besser als im Vorsaatverfahren mit Ein-arbeitung.     

黄花棘豆甲醇提取液对油菜、燕麦、反枝苋和狗尾草萌发和幼苗生长的影响

通过室内生测法,研究了不同浓度的黄花棘豆甲醇提取液对油菜、燕麦、反枝苋和狗尾草萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：黄花棘豆植株地上部分和地下部分的甲醇提取液对4种受体的萌发和幼苗生长均有影响,显著抑制了4种受体萌发和生长。同时随着浓度的降低,其抑制作用逐渐减弱,表现出较强的浓度效应。其中浓度为0.100 g/mL的黄花棘豆甲醇提取液对油菜、燕麦、反枝苋和狗尾草的种子萌发、幼苗生长和根生长抑制作用最为明显。     

Dinitroaniline Herbicide Cross-Resistance in Resistant Setaria italica Lines Selected from Interspecific Cross with S. viridis

Breeding of herbicide-resistant foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) is desirable in modern agriculture because no selective herbicide is available for this crop. Trifluralin-resistant millet lines obtained from a interspecific cross between a resistant green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) and a foxtail millet cultivar were tested for response to five dinitroaniline herbicides in greenhouse and field experiments. The results in the greenhouse study showed that the resistant type was cross-resistant to all tested herbicides. ED₅₀ values indicated that the highest resistance was obtained with trifluralin, the resistant biotype being seven and 33 times more resistant than the parent cultivar at the emergence and seedling stages, respectively. However, the doses recommended for efficient weed control resulted in some detrimental effects on emergence and growth in the field. Strategies for use of this resistance to control weeds in millet fields are proposed. © 1997 SCI.     

Properties of a hordeivirus from Anthoxanthum odoratum

A virus having tubular particles (124, 142 and 167 nm) was manually transmitted from and to Anthoxanthum odoratum (sweet vernal grass). Other experimental hosts were Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Zea mays, Avena sativa and Hordeum vulgare (barley); winter cultivars of barley were more often infected than spring cultivars. In tests which simulated mechanical injury, the virus was transmitted from infected to healthy A. odoratum but not to healthy barley. The virus particles, which were seen as aggregates in the cytoplasm of A. odoratum leaf cells and in anther walls, reacted strongly in immunosorbent electron microscopy tests with antisera to strains of barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus. Nevertheless, the virus could be distinguished from the Type strain of barley stripe mosaic virus by reciprocal serological tests and by symptoms in infected barley cv. Black Hulless. Using an antiserum produced against the virus, a survey of A. odoratum in the field revealed one of 72 tested plants to be naturally infected. The virus is probably that described by Catherall & Chamberlain (1980) and named anthoxanthum latent blanching virus.