体细胞胚诱导条件优化及杂交后代再生遗传分析

以北京小黑豆未成熟子叶为外植体,针对影响体细胞胚发生的几个关键因素进行研究.结果表明:pH等于7,外植体大小为2-3衄和暗培养条件最适合体细胞胚的发生.利用优化后的再生系统诱导了北京小黑豆(再生性强)和Keburi(再生性极低)杂交所衍生的150个5:6重组自交系,体细胞胚发生频率明显呈现间断分布,由此初步推断大豆体细胞发生频率由少数几个基因控制.由体细胞胚发生效率分布偏向Keburi,可见Keburi对体细胞胚发生效率影响要比北京小黑豆大.     

大豆体细胞胚的诱导及对草甘膦耐性的研究

以大豆未成熟子叶为外植体,研究合丰25、吉林35、吉育91对未成熟子叶体细胞胚诱导率的影响,并探讨3种基因型大豆未成熟子叶对草甘膦的耐性。结果表明:3种基因型的愈伤组织诱导率均为100%,体细胞胚诱导率为53.95%～72.12%,平均胚数吉育91高于其它2种基因型。3种基因型的体细胞胚诱导率在草甘膦浓度间存在差异,在大豆以未成熟子叶为受体转基因时,诱导体细胞胚胎发生的草甘膦筛选浓度为2.5～5.0 mg.L-1。     

农杆菌介导法将Bt基因转入大豆的研究

以6个品种大豆体细胞胚为受体,以Bt基因为目的基因,应用根癌农杆茵介导法对大豆进行了遗传转化,经体细胞胚萌发、生根及壮苗培养和卡那霉素选择培养,获得了完整的抗性再生苗,经PCR、PCR-Southern和点杂交分析鉴定,初步证明外源基因Bt已整合到大豆的基因组中。     

两个栽培大豆品种的体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生研究

通过优化培养条件,即提高植物生长激素浓度和蔗糖浓度,发展了一种再生频率较高的大豆植株再生的方法。从栽培大豆品种幼胚中诱导形成的体细胞胚性愈伤组织和胚状体可以进一步分化出芽和根,发育成完整植株,中黄４号植株再生频率最高可达３９％,早熟１８号仅得到了胚性愈伤组织。     

用基因枪法将Bt基因转入大豆的研究

以大豆品种合丰25的体细胞胚为受体,以Bt基因为目的基因,应用基因枪法进行了遗传转化,经体细胞胚萌发、生根及壮苗培养和卡那霉素选择培养,获得了完整的抗性再生苗,经PCR、PCR-Southern和点杂交分析鉴定,初步证明外源基因Bt已整合到大豆的基因组中.     

基因枪对大豆进行PSY基因的转化研究

以3个大豆品种的体细胞胚为受体,以PSY为目的基因,应用基因枪法对大豆进行了遗传转化,实验结果表明:不同大豆基因型的体细胞胚对抗性选择标记(Hyg)的敏感性存在极显著差异;高渗处理的培养基加入0.4mol/L甘露醇有利于PSY基因的导入;对已获得10株抗性再生苗,经PCR和PCR-Southern分析鉴定,有4株为阳性,初步证明外源基因PSY已整合到大豆的基因组中.     

大豆体细胞胚再生体系的研究进展及展望

介绍了植物体细胞胚的来源及其再生特点;从外植体种类、基因型、激素种类和浓度、取材大小和时间、组织学研究等方面阐述了大豆体细胞胚再生体系的研究进展;通过其他作物体细胞胚再生体系发生机理及分子基础的研究,提出了关于大豆体细胞胚再生体系的几点展望.     

大豆不定胚悬浮培养基因型筛选及基因枪遗传转化的研究

对32个不同基因型大豆的幼胚进行不定胚诱导,30 d时统计分析初生胚诱导率、次生胚诱导率和诱导效率,经综合比较得出适合体细胞诱导不定胚的4种基因型为L155、垦丰16、绥农25和吉育91。然后以不定胚诱导率较高的L155为材料建立大豆悬浮培养不定胚繁殖体系,并用基因枪轰击的方法将GUS表达盒片段转入不定胚细胞团。X-gluc染色后显微观察到基因蓝色产物,说明GUS基因通过微弹轰击法导入大豆不定胚细胞并表达。     

基因枪法将GmDREB基因导入大豆的研究

测定大豆体细胞胚对PPT的基础抗性,用基因枪法将pRdGM-bar质粒转化大豆体细胞胚,得到抗性体细胞胚和抗性植株,经PCR、PCRsouthern检测,证明CmDREB基因转入到大豆中.     

不同菜用大豆品种的胚胎发生与再生

以8个菜用大豆品种的未成熟子叶为外植体,在MS(附加高浓度2,4-D)培养基诱导愈伤组织形成、体细胞胚胎发生与再生植株.结果表明:八个菜用大豆品种的未成熟子叶均可诱导产生愈伤组织与体细胞胚胎发生,出愈率为14.71%～100%.体细胞胚胎发生率变化在0～36.76%之间,绿子叶菜用大豆没有形成体细胞胚.体细胞胚可正常萌发产生小植株,移栽成活结实.菜用大豆的出愈率和体细胞胚胎发生率与基因型有关.     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.