不同性诱剂对鲜食玉米田草地贪夜蛾的诱捕效果及影响因子研究

通过研究诱捕器-性诱芯组合的诱集效果,及诱捕器悬挂高度、排列间距等空间分布因素对鲜食玉米田草地贪夜蛾诱捕效果的影响,明确草地贪夜蛾性诱装置最佳使用方案,为使用性信息素进行草地贪夜蛾的种群监测和防控提供技术支持。选用3种性诱芯和3种诱捕器进行配对组合,进行田间诱捕效果比较试验;使用BLB性诱芯和专用诱捕器组合进行4个诱捕器悬挂高度和3个排列间距诱捕试验,并进行草地贪夜蛾成虫种群本地周年发生动态监测。结果表明:9个组合中BLB性诱芯和专用诱捕器组合诱捕效果最好;3种诱芯平均诱蛾量无显著差异;3种诱捕器中专用诱捕器诱捕效果最佳,飞蛾通用诱捕器诱捕效果最差。4个诱捕器悬挂高度在玉米拔节期时诱蛾量无显著差异,抽雄后2.2 m处理诱蛾量显著高于其他处理。诱捕器排列间距30 m处理的诱蛾量显著高于20 m和25 m的,但3个间距处理间田间草地贪夜蛾幼虫为害株率无显著差异。性诱监测发现,2020年5月中旬、6月下旬、7月下旬、9月上旬和10月中旬为成虫高峰期。草地贪夜蛾专用诱捕器搭配BLB性诱芯具有最佳诱捕效果,田间最优悬挂高度应高于玉米植株,诱捕器田间设置间距以30 m为宜。性诱适用于草地贪夜蛾的种群监测,并可作为害虫防治时的辅助手段。     

哈尔滨地区不同亚洲玉米螟性诱剂诱捕效果研究

为了探索亚洲玉米螟性诱剂在哈尔滨地区的诱捕效果, 于2019年和2020年在黑龙江哈尔滨地区开展不同品牌诱芯、不同类型诱捕器及不同诱芯悬挂高度处理的亚洲玉米螟田间诱捕试验。结果表明, 3种诱芯处理对田间亚洲玉米螟雄蛾表现出不同的诱虫活性, 诱芯A诱捕到的玉米螟雄蛾数量显著高于诱芯B和诱芯C, 是诱芯B诱蛾量的1.38倍, 诱芯C诱蛾量的1.62倍; 水盆式诱捕器对玉米螟雄蛾诱捕效率明显高于倒漏斗式诱捕器, 诱捕到玉米螟雄蛾数量是倒漏斗式诱捕器的1.94倍。2019年和2020年诱芯不同悬挂高度处理诱捕到玉米螟雄蛾的数量由多到少的顺序为0.8、0.4、1.3、1.8 m和0 m, 悬挂高度0.8 m处理诱捕到的玉米螟雄蛾数量显著高于其他处理。综合以上结果, 使用水盆式诱捕器, 将诱芯A悬挂至0.8 m高度更适合哈尔滨地区田间玉米螟的防治和种群监测。     

不同性诱剂对亚洲玉米螟的引诱效果及田间应用初探

亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)是危害我国玉米的重要害虫,为了探索其生物防治方法,测试了不同来源的3种诱芯(诱芯A、诱芯B和诱芯C)对陕西关中灌区玉米螟的引诱活性,并比较了水盆式和三角形两种诱捕器类型及诱捕器不同悬挂高度(1.0、1.5、1.8和2.0 m)的诱捕效果。结果表明:诱芯A(北京中捷玉米螟诱芯)和诱芯B(中国科学院动物研究所玉米螟诱芯)均对亚洲玉米螟成虫具有一定的引诱活性,以诱芯B效果更佳;两种类型诱捕器对玉米螟诱虫总数差异显著;三角形诱捕器悬挂在2.0 m处的效果优于悬挂在1.5 m处。诱芯B较适合陕西关中灌区玉米螟的预测预报及生物防控,建议在田间应用中使用三角形诱捕器,悬挂高度以1.8~2.0 m为宜。     

不同性信息素配比对灰茶尺蠖的诱捕效果比较

为了筛选最有效的灰茶尺蠖性信息素诱芯,探讨产品使用技术方案,从信息素配方、诱捕器类型、诱捕器悬挂高度比较了性信息素诱芯诱捕器对灰茶尺蠖的诱捕效果。结果表明,5种不同配方比较,以诱芯B(Z3Z9-6,7环氧-十八碳二烯和Z3Z6Z9-十八碳三烯质量配比1∶3)的引诱效果最好;船型诱捕器的引诱效果显著高于其他诱捕器;5种不同悬挂高度比较,以诱捕器悬挂高于茶蓬面20 cm和40 cm的效果最好。建议在灰茶尺蠖发生区域、成虫扬飞前,将灰茶尺蠖诱芯B(Z3Z9-6,7环氧-十八碳二烯和Z3Z6Z9-十八碳三烯质量配比1∶3)配套船型诱捕器使用,可进行茶园灰茶尺蠖害虫的监测与防控。     

不同性诱剂对亚洲玉米螟的诱捕效率及在种群监测中的应用

为探索鲜食玉米田间主要害虫亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)的绿色防控方法,于2018年－2019年在浙江东阳利用性诱剂对亚洲玉米螟进行了田间种群监测和诱捕效率试验,对7种亚洲玉米螟性信息素诱芯和2种诱捕器进行组合,并测试了诱捕器悬挂高度对诱捕效果的影响。结果表明,7种诱芯对亚洲玉米螟雄蛾均有引诱活性,不同诱捕器和诱芯组合的诱捕效率有显著差异,其中诱芯F、诱芯E、诱芯C分别与船型诱捕器组合及诱芯E与飞蛾诱捕器组合田间诱捕效果较好,两种诱捕器诱蛾总量无显著差异,诱捕器悬挂于1.8 m高度的效果优于1.5 m和1.2 m。田间种群监测结果表明,亚洲玉米螟在5月和9月各有一次比较典型的高峰,性诱剂可有效用于亚洲玉米螟田间种群监测。     

诱捕器设置高度对豆野螟诱捕效果的影响

开展了不同类型性诱捕器及糖醋液诱捕器不同设置高度对豆野螟成虫诱集效果影响的研究。结果表明,三角形性诱捕器、桶形性诱捕器和糖醋液诱捕器对豆野螟成虫的诱捕效果与设置高度有关,均以悬挂于距地面1.5m处的诱捕器诱蛾效果最佳,2.0m处次之,1.0m和0.5m处的诱蛾效果相对较差。     

福建龙海草地贪夜蛾发生动态及性诱剂诱捕器应用效果评价

2019—2020年,在福建龙海开展了草地贪夜蛾性诱剂诱捕器应用研究及周年发生为害情况调查。结果表明,有效成分为顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯∶顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯=0.9∶0.03的诱芯对草地贪夜蛾成虫的引诱效果较好。搭配同种诱芯,船型诱捕器诱蛾量显著高于倒圆锥型、桶型和夜蛾通用型诱捕器;玉米苗期至抽雄期,诱捕器悬挂高度为1m和1.5 m时,引诱效果较好。福建龙海草地贪夜蛾成虫可周年发生,主要发生期在5—11月,2019年在9月下旬和11月上旬出现成虫高峰。秋季播种玉米受害明显重于春季播种玉米,且以拔节期至小喇叭口期被害株率最高。     

二点委夜蛾性诱剂诱芯的田间诱捕效果研究

为了探索环保无公害的防控技术,笔者通过田间试验,评估了一种二点委夜蛾性诱剂诱芯的田间诱捕效果,并对其诱捕器不同口径、颜色、设置高度对诱捕效果的影响进行了研究。结果表明,该诱剂性诱芯对二点委夜蛾有较强的诱捕能力,最高日诱蛾量105头,最高日均诱蛾量40.25头;诱捕器的大小、颜色和高度都会影响诱捕效果。35 cm口径、绿色和设置在高出作物20～30 cm位置的诱捕器诱蛾量较大;性诱剂和杀虫灯对二点委夜蛾量的监测结果有一定差异。     

诱捕器类型、颜色及诱芯颜色对大豆食心虫引诱效果的影响

采用标准诱芯及合成化合物组配诱芯,比较了诱捕器的类型、颜色及诱芯颜色对大豆食心虫诱捕效果的影响。结果表明:粘胶板式(三角形、船形)和水盆式2种诱捕器类型及红色、深绿色、浅绿色、紫色、白色、黄色、棕色、蓝色8种三角板诱捕器颜色均对引诱活性无显著影响,而不同颜色诱芯对大豆食心虫的引诱效果影响较大,其中绿色诱芯引诱效果较好,显著优于蓝色、红色、灰色及橘色诱芯。因此,在田间应用时,建议优先选用绿色诱芯,并根据实际情况灵活选用不同类型的诱捕器。     

几种因素对斜纹夜蛾性信息素诱捕效果的影响

采用田间诱集效果测定,就不同来源诱芯、诱捕器不同置放高度、不同类型诱捕器、诱芯不同储藏期等因素对信息素诱集斜纹夜蛾数量以及时序动态的影响进行了研究,以探讨蔬菜害虫斜纹夜蛾性信息素应用的关键技术。结果表明:3种不同来源的斜纹夜蛾性诱剂诱捕效果无显著差异;斜纹夜蛾性信息素置放高度依据不同寄主田间生长高度,以1～1.5m效果较好;3种诱捕器诱集效果相当,诱集代次清晰、峰谷明显,均可作为斜纹夜蛾性信息素配套的诱捕器;斜纹夜蛾橡皮塞诱芯置放冰箱贮藏1年或2年,诱蛾活性显著下降,诱蛾量下降60%以上。     

Sex Pheromone Traps for Monitoring the European Vine Moth,Lobesia botrana: Effect of Dispenser Type,Pheromone Dose,Field Aging of Dispenser,and Type of Trap on Male Captures

The effects of dispenser type, pheromone dose in the dispenser, aging of dispenser in the field, and trap type on trapping efficiency of males of the European vine moth,Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), were investigated. LB Pherocon caps and locally manufactured septa were equally effective in attracting males to traps. Within the range of 0.1 to 100 μg pheromone/dispenser, response of males increased positively with the pheromone dose. Within the first 7 days tested, pheromone loads of 1 or 10 mg/dispenser were significantly less attractive to males than 0.1 mg/dispenser. The effect of aging of the dispenser (loaded with 1 mg pheromone) in the field on trapping efficiency was significant. Captures in traps baited with 4- and 5-week-old septa were significantly lower (by 24%) than those in traps baited with 1-week-old septa. The fairly slow loss of attractancy exhibited by rubber septa indicates that septa may be kept in traps for at least 5 weeks. The release rate of the pheromone from the Israeli dispensers (1 mg loaded) was measured in a flow system. The emission of the pheromone decreased gradually as a function of age, correlating well with the lower trap catches of field-aged septa. Release rates were reduced by 56%, 70% and 84% after 4, 5 and 6 weeks, repectively. The nonsticky IPS trap was as effective in capturing the European vine moth males as the sticky Pherocon 1C trap. The possibility of using the non-sticky, nonsaturating and easy-to-handle IPS traps may lead to better and easier monitoring of the European vine moth populations.     

Sex pheromone traps for detecting and monitoring the raisin moth,cadra figulilella,in date palm plantations

Field tests were carried out to determine whether pheromone traps, baited with (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9,E12-14:Ac) impregnated in rubber septa (Maavit, Israel), could provide a reliable tool for monitoring the raisin moth,Cadra figulilella (Gregson), in date palm plantations. No significant differences were detected between captures of males in traps baited with 1 or 10 mg pheromone/dispenser. However, traps baited with 1 mg pheromone captured significantly more males than those baited with 0.1 mg pheromone/dispenser. No differences were found between captures of males in traps hung at a height of 8 m (near the bunches) or 2–3 m (on palm trunks). Two peaks of male capture were detected, one in May-June and the other during September-October (ripening period). Results indicate a positive relationship between captures in traps and infestation levels by larvae. Pheromone traps baited with 1 mg Z9,E12–14:Ac impregnated in rubber septa and hung on palm trunks (at a height of 2–3 m), were very useful for monitoringC. figulilella populations and for determining the accurate timing of insecticide applications.     

Sex pheromone traps for monitoring the honeydew moth,Cryptoblabes gnidiella: Effect of pheromone components,pheromone dose,field aging of dispenser,and type of trap on male captures

The effects of pheromone components, pheromone dose in the dispenser, aging of dispenser in the field, and trap type on trapping efficiency of males of the honeydew moth,Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Mill.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were investigated. At dosages of 2 or 0.2 mg, a binary blend containing (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16: Aid) and (Z)-13-octadecenal (Z13–18:Ald) (1:1) was as effective in attracting males as a quaternary blend containing Zll-16:Ald, (E)-11-hexadecenal (Ell-16:Ald), Z13–18:Ald and (E)-13-octadecenal (E13–18:Ald), (10:1:10:1). Within the range of 20 to 2000 μg pheromone/dispenser, response of males increased positively with the pheromone dose; however, a load of 10 or 20 mg/dispenser was significantly less attractive to males than 2 mg/dispenser. The effect of aging of the dispenser in the field on trapping efficiency was significant. Captures in traps baited with 3- and 4-week-old septa were lower than those in traps baited with 1- or 2-week-old septa. The gradual loss of attractancy exhibited by rubber septa indicates that septa should be renewed within 2-3 weeks. The release rate of the pheromone was measured in a flow system and monitored with Zl1– 16:Ald only. The emission was almost constant for 18 days and then decreased gradually until the 34th day. The nonsticky IPS trap was as effective in capturing honeydew moth males as the sticky Pherocon 1C trap. The possibility of using the nonsticky, non-saturating and easy-to-handle IPS traps may lead to better and easier monitoring of honeydew moth populations.     

Effects of pheromone loading, dispenser age, and trap height on pheromone trap catches of the oriental fruit moth in apple orchards

The effects of field aging (0–28 days) and pheromone loading rate on the longevity of red rubber septa loaded with the sex pheromone blend of the oriental fruit mothGrapholita molesta (Busck), were evaluated in North Carolina apple orchards in 2002. Separate field tests examined the influence of trap height and pheromone loading rate of rubber septa on trap catches of adultG. molesta males in an abandoned orchard. The loss of the major pheromone component, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8–12:OAc), from red rubber septa over a 4-week period exhibited a relatively constant release rate with 30, 100 and 300 μg pheromone. Trap catch was significantly higher in pheromone traps placed in the upper canopy than in those in the lower canopy. Pheromone traps baited with 100μg lures caught more moths compared with those loaded with 300 μg. There was no apparent relationship between pheromone trap catch and septa age, with trap catch appearing to be primarily a function ofG. molesta population density. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 14, 2006.     

Sex Pheromone Traps for Monitoring the Peach Twig Borer,Anarsia lineatella Zeller: Effect of Pheromone Components,Pheromone Dose,Field Aging of Dispenser,and Type of Trap on Male Captures

The effects of ratio between sex pheromone components, pheromone dose in the dispenser, aging of dispenser in the field, and trap type on trapping efficiency of males of the peach twig borer,Anarsia lineatella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), were investigated. To attract males, the optimal ratio between pheromonal components in a binary blend containing (E)-5-decenyl acetate (E5-10:Ac): (E)-5-decenol (E5-10:OH) was 72:28 or 83:17. Dosages of 7 or 0.7 mg of the binary blend containing E5-10:Ac: E5-10:OH (72:28) were equally effective in attracting males. The effect of aging of dispenser (Israeli dispensers, loaded with 7 mg pheromone) in the field on trapping efficiency was moderate. Captures in traps baited with 4-week-old septa did not differ from those in traps baited with 1-week-old septa. The fairly slow loss of attractancy exhibited by rubber septa indicates that septa may be used for at least 4–5 weeks. At high population levels, the nonsticky IPS trap was significantly more effective in capturing males than the sticky Pherocon 1C trap; at low populations, however, the Pherocon 1C trap was better.     

Effects of moon phases and of various trap colors on the capture ofprays citri males in sticky traps

Field experiments with sticky traps baited with live females showed that significantly latger numbers ofP. citri males were captured during full-moon than during new- or old-moon phases. Significantly smaller numbers ofPrays citri males were captured in white sticky traps than in black, green, red, yellow or blue ones, placed during day and night in citrus groves in various areas of the country; no significant differences were noted between any of the colored traps.     

Field performance of Lynfield and McPhail traps for monitoring male and female sterile Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) and wild Dacus newmani (Perkins)

BACKGROUND: McPhail traps, baited with protein food lure, are used worldwide for surveillance of many species of fruit flies. Queensland fruit fly (Qfly) Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a native Australian fruit fly and normally monitored using Lynfield traps baited with cuelure. On some occasions, McPhail traps with wet food lures are deployed to detect female flies or to find the incursion epicentre. This paper reviews field results on the merits of Lynfield and McPhail traps for detection of male and female Qfly. RESULTS: Following release of equal numbers of sterile males and females, Lynfield traps baited with cuelure captured more Qfly males than protein autolysate or orange concentrate in McPhail traps. Significantly more male than female Qfly were captured in McPhail traps baited with protein autolysate or orange. There was no significant difference between orange concentrate lure and protein autolysate lure in attracting either males or females. Another Australian native fruit fly, Dacus newmani (Perkins), was attracted to cuelure in Lynfield traps but not to either lure in McPhail traps. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained run counter to the reputation of McPhail traps baited with protein autolysate or orange concentrate as a specialist lure/trap combination for female Qfly. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

绿盲蝽性诱剂诱捕效率的测定及其影响因子分析

于2015年6月在河南新郑枣园,以红色荧光粉为标记物,采用"标记-释放-回捕"法,对绿盲蝽性诱剂枣园诱捕效率及其影响因子进行了研究。在室内对实验室饲养的绿盲蝽雄成虫进行荧光染色标记,将标记好的雄成虫转移至枣园中心点进行释放,同时按照距释放点一定的距离和方位挂好性诱捕器,释放后连续7d进行回捕,回捕后进行荧光检测。结果表明,7d内绿盲蝽雄成虫的标记回捕率为7.3%;性诱剂有效诱捕半径为10~30m,最佳诱捕半径为20m。性诱剂的诱捕效率还受风向、风速、空气相对湿度等气象因子的影响,位于主导风向上风口的诱捕器,其诱捕量最大。回归分析表明,夜间平均风速与诱捕率存在极显著的线性回归关系,回归方程式为y＝0.540＋0.232x;夜间平均相对湿度与诱捕率有着显著的负相关性,两者的相互关系可用回归方程y＝1.887－0.20x表示。即在一定范围内,夜间风速越大、相对湿度越低越有利于提高绿盲蝽的诱捕效率。     

Field evaluation of synthetic sex pheromone traps for the cocoa mirid Sahlbergella singularis (Hemiptera: Miridae)

BACKGROUND: Field trapping experiments were conducted to evaluate the attractiveness of five different pheromone blends as well as the impact of trap design on attractiveness towards cocoa mirids, Sahlbergella singularis Hagl. and Distantiella theobroma (Dist.), in Cameroon. RESULTS: A total of 361 adults of S. singularis (359 males and two females) were caught. The highest numbers of mirids were found in traps with pheromone blends that combined a monoester and a diester, compared with traps with the diester or the monoester individually and control traps with no pheromone. Rectangular traps caught significantly more mirids compared with delta traps. The mean number of 5.1 mirids trap^?1 year^?1 caught in rectangular traps was significantly higher compared with the 1.8 mirids trap^?1 year^?1 for the delta traps. CONCLUSION: The data revealed that rectangular traps containing pheromone blends combining both the monoester and the diester have a good potential to lure and trap adult males of S. singularis on cocoa farms. The pheromone blends used were specific for S. singularis, and the use of pheromone traps appears to be a promising strategy for incorporation into integrated pest management strategies for the monitoring or even the control of S. singularis in cocoa plantations. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry