脱氢表雄酮对肉鸡脂类代谢和相关激素的影响

将180羽1日龄Arbor Acres(AA)肉鸡随机分为饲料中不添加脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)的对照组,添加20和5mg/kgDHEA的高、低剂量组,饲喂至42日龄时分别从各组随机取12只公鸡和母鸡,采集血样、肝脏、腹脂、左侧胸肌和腿肌,分别测定血清葡萄糖(BG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)、三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、胰高血糖素(glucagon)和瘦素(leptin)含量。结果表明,与对照组相比,DHEA显著降低肉鸡体重、腹脂重和腹脂率,显著降低TG、TC、HDL-C、FT3和FT4含量,显著升高瘦素含量,而对血糖和LDL-C没有影响;DHEA使公鸡血清NEFA含量升高,母鸡血清NEFA含量降低;DHEA使公鸡血清LPL活性和胰高血糖素含量显著升高,血清T4显著降低。DHEA可能通过提高肉鸡体内脂类分解代谢相关酶的活性及激素水平,对脂类代谢起调节作用。     

电解质对热应激肉鸡生产性能和屠体品质的影响

试验研究了热应激对肉鸡的影响以及电解质添加剂对肉鸡生产性能和屠体品质的影响。结果表明 ,(1 )热应激可显著降低肉仔鸡采食量、日增重和饲料利用率 ;(2 )与高温对照组相比 ,在日粮中添加抗热应激添加剂的 1 4～ 3 1日龄肉鸡 ,其平均日增重提高了 6.43 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ;3 8～ 46日龄肉鸡 ,平均日增重和饲料利用率分别提高了 2 7.5 4% (P<0 .0 5 )和 2 0 .1 9% (P<0 .0 5 ) ;但这种抗热应激添加剂对肉鸡采食量无显著效果。此外 ,热应激能显著地增加肉鸡腹脂率 ,而添加抗热应激添加剂能显著降低腹脂率。     

笼养肉仔鸡生产性能及其胴体品质影响因素的研究

该本文采用三因素三水平正交试验设计，就笼底材料、饲养密度、不同性别组群下3～6周龄AA肉仔鸡的生产性能及其胴体品质进行研究。结果表明：竹竿和塑料笼底下肉仔鸡的胴体品质以及笼养密度11 ～14只／m²下的生产性能较高，以塑料笼底、低密度和公鸡单饲组的肉仔鸡总增重最高，达1.82kg。笼底材料对增重、饲料转化率、屠宰率、腹脂率以及胸肌纤维直径没有影响，但铁丝笼底会导致胸囊肿发病率升高。高饲养密度下能显著降低肉鸡增重和饲料转化率，但肉仔鸡的屠宰率有所增加；而低饲养密度有利于胸肌纤维直径的增加。单饲母鸡的腹脂率显著高于单饲公鸡和公母混群饲养鸡的腹脂率。     

铜和维生素A 及其互作效应对肉鸡免疫功能的影响

采用4×2(铜×维生素A)完全随机试验设计, 研究了日粮添加不同水平的铜(0 mg·kg^-1、8 mg·kg^-1、150 mg·kg^-1、225 mg·kg^-1)和维生素A(1 500 IU·kg^-1、5 000 IU·kg^-1)对肉仔鸡不同生长阶段(0~4 周龄和5~7 周龄)免疫功能的影响。结果表明: 添加铜为8 mg·kg^-1 时, 肉鸡生长前期(0~4 周龄)可显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)提高肉鸡脾脏活化T 淋巴细胞百分率和血清抗体效价, 生长后期(5~7 周龄)可极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)提高脾脏、胸腺、盲肠扁桃体活化T 淋巴细胞百分率和外周血液中活化T、B 淋巴细胞百分率; 整个试验期添加高铜(150 mg·kg^-1、225 mg·kg^-1)时, 活化T、B 淋巴细胞百分率均不同程度下降。添加维生素A 5 000 IU·kg^-1 时, 肉鸡生长前期可显著(P<0.05)提高其外周血液中活化T 淋巴细胞百分率, 生长后期可极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)提高脾脏、盲肠扁桃体活化T 淋巴细胞百分率和血清抗体效价。铜和维生素A 互作效应对肉鸡生长前期的活化T、B 淋巴细胞百分率和血清抗体效价影响不显著, 对生长后期的外周血液、胸腺、盲肠扁桃体活化T 淋巴细胞百分率影响显著(P<0.05), 以8 mg·kg^-1 铜× 5 000 IU·kg^-1 维生素A 处理最高; 以上结果提示铜和维生素A 对肉鸡免疫功能的影响存在互作效应。     

笼养肉仔鸡生产性能及其胴体品质影响因素的研究

该文采用三因素三水平正交试验设计,就笼底材料、饲养密度、不同性别组群下3～6周龄AA肉仔鸡的生产性能及其胴体品质进行研究。结果表明:竹竿和塑料笼底下肉仔鸡的胴体品质以及笼养密度11～14只／m~2下的生产性能较高,以塑料笼底、低密度和公鸡单饲组的肉仔鸡总增重最高,达1．82kg。笼底材料对增重、饲料转化率、屠宰率、腹脂率以及胸肌纤维直径没有影响,但铁丝笼底会导致胸囊肿发病率升高。高饲养密度下能显著降低肉鸡增重和饲．料转化率,但肉仔鸡的屠宰率有所增加;而低饲养密度有利于胸肌纤维直径的增加。单饲母鸡的腹脂率显著高于单饲公鸡和公母混群饲养鸡的腹脂率。     

脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)对鸡胚原代肝细胞cAMP/PKA信号通路和cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)的影响与调节

控制肉鸡脂肪过多沉积是肉鸡生产中亟待解决的问题。脱氢表雄酮(dehydroepiandrosterone,DHEA)是人体分泌最为丰富的肾上腺类固醇激素,可经由类固醇激素受体介导发挥生理功能,降低机体生脂能力。本研究以鸡胚原代肝细胞为研究对象,选用含DHEA终浓度为0(对照)、0.01、0.1、1.0、10和100μmol/L的培养液孵育肝细胞20min后收集细胞,放射免疫测定法(RIA)检测胞内cAMP水平。结果发现,0.1～100μmol/L DHEA孵育肝细胞均可显著提高胞内cAMP水平(P<0.05),其中0.1μmol/L DHEA效果最为显著(P<0.01)。0.1μmol/L DHEA孵育肝细胞20min或1h后收集细胞,RIA法分别检测胞内腺苷酸环化酶(adenylate cyclase,AC)和磷酸二酯酶(phosphodiesterase,PDE)活性,(γ-32P)ATP掺入法测定cAMP依赖性蛋白激酶A(protein kinase A,PKA)活性,Western blot法测定cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP-response element binding protein,CREB)磷酸化水平。结果显示,0.1μmol/L DHEA孵育肝细胞20min可显著降低胞内PDE活性(P<0.05),提高PKA活性(P<0.05),但对AC活性无显著性影响(P>0.05)。0.1μmol/L DHEA处理肝细胞1h可显著提高CREB蛋白磷酸化水平(P<0.05),且这种效应可被PKA抑制剂阻断(P>0.05)。本研究结果提示,DHEA调控肉鸡肝脏脂肪代谢,降低脂肪沉积的机制可能与激活胞内cAMP/PKA信号系统,活化转录因子CREB有关。     

大豆黄酮对产蛋鸡生产性能、血液指标及激素分泌的影响

选用44周龄海兰褐商品蛋鸡208只,随机分为4组,分别在基础日粮中添加大豆黄酮0、5、10和15mg/kg,研究了日粮中添加不同水平大豆黄酮对不同时期产蛋鸡生产性能及相关激素水平、血液生化指标及激素分泌的影响。结果表明:添加大豆黄酮在试验各期均可以提高产蛋率、改善料蛋比,15mg/kg组可以显著提高日产蛋量;10和15mg/kg组可以显著提高游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)水平,极显著提高游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平;5mg/kg组极显著降低血清IGF-1含量,15mg/kg组极显著提高血清IGF-1含量,各处理组血清胰岛素水平均极显著高于对照组;随着大豆黄酮添加量的增加,血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血糖、血清尿酸呈递减趋势。大豆黄酮可以明显改善44-56周龄海兰褐蛋鸡的生产性能、内分泌激素水平,并降低血液中胆固醇含量。     

日粮不同硒水平对公猪繁殖及精浆营养生化参数的影响

选择年龄、体重、精液质量较一致、正在使用的健康壮年长白公猪5头,采用5×5正交拉丁方试验设计,在不同阶段分别饲喂含硒量为0.05mg·kg-1(处理1)、0.15mg·kg-1(处理2)、0.25mg·kg-1(处理3)、0.35mg·kg-1(处理4)、0.45mg·kg-1(处理5)日粮,研究硒对公猪繁殖参数、精浆生殖激素、精浆营养生化参数的影响。结果表明:(1)处理1公猪精子畸形率显著高于处理4公猪精子的畸形率(P<0.05);(2)处理4公猪精浆促卵泡生成素(FSH)、睾酮(T)的浓度显著高于处理1公猪精浆FSH、T的浓度(P<0.05);(3)处理4公猪精浆的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)活性显著高于处理1公猪精浆的GSHPx活性(P<0.05);(4)采精量、精子密度、精子活率、精液pH值、精浆促黄体生成素(LH)浓度、精浆尿素含量、精浆总蛋白含量,在不同处理条件下均没有显著的差异(P>0.05);(5)精子活率、精子畸形率、精浆FSH浓度、精浆LH浓度、精浆T浓度、精浆尿素的含量、精浆的GSHPx活性与日粮硒含量之间均存在着一定的规律性:即在一定范围内(0.35mg·kg-1),它们的变化随日粮硒含量的增加而增加或降低,超出该范围则降低或升高;(6)综合上述结果,长白公猪日粮硒含量以0.35mg·kg-1较为适当。     

奶山羊围产期添加烟酰胺对羔羊腹脂脂质代谢的影响

烟酰胺可调控脂质代谢,但母体添加烟酰胺是否会调控子代脂质代谢尚不清楚,本实验旨在探究奶山羊(Capra hircus)围产期添加烟酰胺对子代脂质代谢的影响及其机制。选取15只围产期奶山羊(产前21 d),按配对设计原则分为3组,分别为对照组(C组)、产后1~28 d添加烟酰胺组(P组)和产前21 d至产后28 d添加烟酰胺组(EP组),所产羔羊分别为L_C组、L_P组和L_(EP)组(L_C组为对照组羔羊,L_P组为围产后期添加烟酰胺组羔羊,L_(EP)组为围产全期添加烟酰胺组羔羊)。于羔羊14、28日龄,晨饲后3 h颈静脉采血,检测血浆甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid,FFA)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)含量和脂肪酶活性;羔羊28日龄屠宰,采集腹腔脂肪组织,检测腹脂TG、FFA、TC含量和脂代谢关键基因表达量。结果表明,L_(EP)组28日龄羔羊血浆TG含量、腹脂TG含量、甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶(glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase mitochondrial,GPAM)、磷酸甘油酰基转移酶6(1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases6,AGPAT6)表达量极显著高于L_C组(P0.01),腹脂FFA含量、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活剂α(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivatorα,PGC1α)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1(sterol regulating element binding protein-1,SREBP-1)、脂肪酸合酶(fatty acid synthetase,FAS)基因表达量显著高于L_C组(P0.05)。L_P组羔羊腹脂TG含量、AGPAT6基因表达量极显著高于L_C组(P0.01)。综上,奶山羊围产期添加烟酰胺可通过提高羔羊脂肪合成代谢促进腹脂脂质沉积。本研究结果为研究母体添加烟酰胺对羔羊生长发育的影响提供了资料。     

日粮共轭亚油酸对黄羽肉鸡腹脂沉积的影响

选择1日龄黄羽肉鸡60只,随机分成2组。在实验组中添加3%共轭亚油酸（conjugated linoleic acid,CLA）,对照组日粮中添加3%的食用菜籽油。49日龄屠宰,采集腹部脂肪组织。用RT-PCR方法,以β-actin为内标,相对定量测定腹脂中鸡生长激素受体（cGHR）、胰岛素样生长因子-1（cIGF-1）、胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ型受体（cIGF-ⅠR）、过氧化物增殖剂活化受体γ（cP-PARγ）、脂联素（cAdiponectin）及其Ⅰ型受体（cAdipoⅠR）的mRNA丰度。结果显示,CLA处理使肉鸡的腹脂沉积下降了20.93%（P〈0.05）,分别使腹脂cGHR mRNA和cPPARγmRNA降低了24.74%（P〈0.05）和66.52%（P〈0.01）;而对cIGF-1、cIGF-ⅠR、cAdiponectin和cAdipoⅠR基因表达无显著影响（P〉0.05）;cGHR和cPPARγmRNA的表达与腹脂率正相关（P〈0.05）。数据说明,CLA降低肉鸡脂肪沉积的作用可能通过降低GHR和PPARγmRNA水平实现,而与IGF-1和（或）GH-IGF-1途径、Adiponectin的作用无关。     

放养条件下密度和补饲量对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋黄胆固醇含量的影响

选择45周龄体重接近的健康本地鸡441只,随机分为7组,在山西省太谷县生态养鸡场进行2(补饲量)×3(密度)两因子放养试验,研究林下种植苜蓿不同放养密度与补饲量对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋黄胆固醇含量的影响。补饲量设自由采食量50%、70%两个处理,密度为每667m2 100只、250只、400只3个处理,以笼养全程自由采食为对照,每组3个重复,每重复3个小区用于轮牧,小区面积为62 m2;预试期7 d,正试期70 d。结果表明:补饲量和放养密度互作对平均产蛋率影响极显著(P0.01),对蛋重和料蛋比影响不显著(P0.05)。笼养+自由采食组(CK)与补饲量70%、100只·667m-2组蛋重、平均产蛋率及料蛋比差异不显著(P0.05),但产蛋率显著高于其他各组(P0.05),蛋重显著高于补饲量50%、100只·667m-2组(P0.05),料蛋比显著低于补饲量50%组(P0.05)。补饲量和放养密度互作对蛋黄重、蛋黄胆固醇含量和全蛋胆固醇含量影响不显著(P0.05);放养密度对全蛋胆固醇含量影响极显著(P0.01)。笼养+自由采食组蛋黄重极显著高于补饲量50%、100只·667m-2组(P0.01),蛋黄胆固醇含量和全蛋胆固醇含量显著高于100只·667m-2组(P0.05)。补饲量70%下,100只·667m-2放养密度对牧草的破坏性小于其他放养密度。结合产蛋性能、蛋黄胆固醇含量以及草地保护,以70%补饲量+100只·667m-2组养殖模式较好,效果较佳。     

Effect of selenium-enriched probiotics on laying performance, egg quality, egg selenium content, and egg glutathione peroxidase activity

A 35-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of selenium-enriched probiotics (SP) on laying performance, egg quality, egg selenium (Se) content, and egg glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity. Five hundred 58-week-old Rohman laying hens were randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments of 100 each. Each treatment had 5 replicates, and each replicate had 5 cages with 4 hens per cage. The SP was supplemented to a corn-soybean-meal basal diet at 3 different levels that supplied total Se at 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg. The basal diet served as a blank control, while the basal diet with supplemental probiotics served as a probiotics control. The results showed that dietary SP supplementation not only increased (p < 0.05) the rate of egg laying, day egg weight, mean egg weight, egg Se content, and egg GPX activity but also decreased (p < 0.05) the feed:egg ratio and egg cholesterol content. The egg Se content was gradually increased (p < 0.05) along with the increasing level of dietary Se. The SP supplementation also slowed down (p < 0.05) the drop of Haugh units (HU) of eggs stored at room temperature. The egg GPX activity had a positive correlation (p < 0.01) with egg Se content and a negative correlation (p < 0.01) with egg HU drop. These results suggested that Se contents, GPX activity, and HU of eggs were affected by the dietary Se level, whereas the egg-laying performance and egg cholesterol content were affected by the dietary probiotics. It was concluded that this SP is an effective feed additive that combines the organic Se benefit for hen and human health with the probiotics benefit for laying hen production performance. It was also suggested that the eggs from hens fed this SP can serve as a nutraceutical food with high Se and low cholesterol contents for both healthy people and patients with hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, or cardiovascular disease.     

Deposition and depletion of five anticoccidials in eggs

Anticoccidials are compounds that are widely used as feed additives to prevent and treat coccidiosis. They are licensed for use in a prescribed concentration and during a certain time interval for broilers and pullets but not for laying hens. It was shown in the past that carry-over at the feeding mill is found to be the main reason for the presence of residues in eggs. An animal experiment was set up to investigate the effect of carry-over at the feeding mill on the presence of residues of anticoccidials in eggs. For the compounds diclazuril, robenidine, halofuginone and nicarbazin in combination with narasin, two concentration levels were tested: the maximum allowed concentration for broilers (100%) and a concentration corresponding to 5% carry-over during feed preparation. Also dimetridazole was included in the experiment but only at one concentration level. Eggs were sampled during treatment (14 days) and for a period of 30 days after withdrawal of the anticoccidial-containing feed. Residues were determined, and deposition and depletion curves were generated. Analyses were performed by ELISA and LC-MS/MS. For all compounds, substantial residues could be found in the 5% groups, which points out the risk of carry-over at the feeding mill. The distribution of the residues between egg yolk and white was determined by analyzing both fractions.     

Authentication of organic feed by near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics: a feasibility study

Organic products tend to retail at a higher price than their conventional counterparts, which makes them susceptible to fraud. In this study we evaluate the application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid, cost-effective method to verify the organic identity of feed for laying hens. For this purpose a total of 36 organic and 60 conventional feed samples from The Netherlands were measured by NIRS. A binary classification model (organic vs conventional feed) was developed using partial least squares discriminant analysis. Models were developed using five different data preprocessing techniques, which were externally validated by a stratified random resampling strategy using 1000 realizations. Spectral regions related to the protein and fat content were among the most important ones for the classification model. The models based on data preprocessed using direct orthogonal signal correction (DOSC), standard normal variate (SNV), and first and second derivatives provided the most successful results in terms of median sensitivity (0.91 in external validation) and median specificity (1.00 for external validation of SNV models and 0.94 for DOSC and first and second derivative models). A previously developed model, which was based on fatty acid fingerprinting of the same set of feed samples, provided a higher sensitivity (1.00). This shows that the NIRS-based approach provides a rapid and low-cost screening tool, whereas the fatty acid fingerprinting model can be used for further confirmation of the organic identity of feed samples for laying hens. These methods provide additional assurance to the administrative controls currently conducted in the organic feed sector.     

Effect of dietary lipid-lowering drugs upon plasma lipids and egg yolk cholesterol levels of laying hens.

To evaluate the effect of lipid-lowering agents upon egg quality, reproductive performance, plasma lipids, and egg yolk cholesterol levels, 30-week-old Shaver laying hens were fed a basal diet (commercial ration) supplemented with 0.1% probucol (PROB), 0.025% gemfibrozil (GEMF), or lovastatin at 0.0005% (LOV1), 0.001% (LOV2), or 0.0015% (LOV3) for a 12-week experimental period. It was observed that the supplementation of the drugs did not impair albumen and shell quality. Hen performance was not adversely affected. The depression in triglyceride concentrations approached statistical significance only in LOV2 (38.5%), and total cholesterol was significantly depressed in LOV2 (36.0%), LOV3 (36.8%), PROB (29.6%), and GEMF (30.4%) treatments. Egg cholesterol content, expressed per gram of yolk, was significant lowered in LOV1 (7.5%) and LOV3 (12. 7%).     

Cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol content of chicken egg yolk as affected by the cholecalciferol content of feed.

The predominant source of vitamin D is the synthesis of cholecalciferol in the skin by the action of sunlight; however, due to the relative lack of sunlight, the intake of vitamin D from food is emphasized during winter, especially in the northern countries. Only a few foods (fish, eggs, wild mushrooms, meat, and milk) are natural sources of vitamin D. In addition, the content of vitamin D in foods is generally low, and some groups of people obtain amounts of vitamin D that are too small from their diet. The present study was designed to determine whether it is possible to increase the vitamin D content of egg yolk by giving hens feed containing elevated levels of cholecalciferol. Three cholecalciferol levels were tested: 26.6 (1064), 62.4 (2496), and 216 microgram (8640 IU)/kg feed. Egg yolk samples were taken after 0, 4, 5, and 6 weeks and were assayed for the presence of cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol using an HPLC method. According to the present study, there was strong positive correlation between cholecalciferol content in poultry feed and cholecalciferol (r = 0. 995) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (r = 0.941) content in egg yolk.     

Carryover of maduramicin from feed containing cross-contamination levels into eggs of laying hens

Maduramicin is a coccidiostat authorized as feed additive in the European Union for chickens and turkeys for fattening but not for laying hens, considering the risk of residues in eggs. The unavoidable cross-contamination of non-target feed with coccidiostats is regulated by Commission Directive 2009/8/EC and resulting carry-over in food by Commission Regulation (EC) No. 124/2009. To verify the compliance of the maximum levels for maduramicin in feed (50 μg/kg) and eggs (2 μg/kg), the carry-over from feed into eggs was investigated. Diets containing 10, 30, and 50 μg of maduramicin/kg of feed were fed to laying hens. Feed, egg white, and yolk were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Maduramicin residues were only detected in in egg yolk. Feeding the 10 μg/kg maduramicin diet resulted in maduramicin concentrations up to 2.5 μg/kg in whole eggs, already exceeding the maximum level. A carry-over rate of 8% maduramicin from feed into eggs was calculated.     

Metabolism of stevioside by chickens

In intubation experiments (643-1168 mg per animal), most of the stevioside administered to chickens was recovered unchanged in the excreta, and only about 2% was converted into steviol. Neither stevioside nor steviol could be found in the blood. In chronic studies (667 mg of stevioside/kg of feed) with laying hens and meat-type chickens, no significant differences were found in feed uptake, weight gain, and feed conversion as the result of stevioside administration. The egg production and egg composition of laying hens were not influenced. Most of the stevioside taken up was found untransformed in the excreta, and about 21.5% or 7.3% was converted to steviol by meat-type chickens or laying hens, respectively. No stevioside or steviol could be detected in the blood or in the eggs of the different groups of animals. In anaerobic incubation experiments with chicken excreta, only a 20% conversion of stevioside into steviol was found. No harmful effects were observed in the chronic stevioside supplementation experiments nor in the intubation experiments in which very high stevioside doses were given.     

LED光源改善鸡舍环境及肉鸡生产性能

探讨全封闭饲养条件下,LED光源对肉鸡生产性能,养分表观消化率和鸡舍空气中NH3、CO2、粉尘浓度,以及空气微生物含量的影响。试验于2017年3月2日至3月30日在河南省某农业集团一大型肉鸡场进行。选用健康状况良好、体况一致的1日龄白羽肉鸡240只,采用单因子完全随机试验设计,分为2个处理组,一组采用暖白色光LED灯光源照明为试验组,另一组采用普通暖白色荧光灯光源照明为对照组。试验期间详细观察肉鸡生产情况,分别计算平均日采食量、平均日增质量、料质量比、发病率以及死淘率。于肉鸡8、15、22和28日龄当日全收粪法测定粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙和磷的表观消化率。试验期间每天08:00,14:00和20:00,采用光化学方法分别在两栋鸡舍内测量NH3和CO2浓度,测量点分布依据五点法,测量高度为0.5 m。分别对8、15、22和28日龄的鸡舍,采用质量法测定粉尘含量,平板沉降法测定空气微生物含量。结果表明,与荧光灯相比,LED光源对8~22日龄肉鸡的生产性能、养分代谢及其生存环境质量没有不利影响。LED光源有利于提高22~28日龄肉鸡的平均日采食量和平均日增质量,分别比荧光灯光源下的肉鸡显著增加了13.13%和13.23%(P0.05)。LED光源有利于提高22~28日龄肉鸡对饲料中粗蛋白,钙和磷的表观消化率,22日龄时,分别比荧光灯鸡舍的肉鸡显著提高了9.45%,14.90%和7.48%(P0.05),28日龄时分别提高了7.30%,6.78%和8.29%(P0.05)。试验期间LED光源鸡舍内肉鸡发病率为2.45%,显著低于荧光灯鸡舍3.57%的发病率(P0.05)。LED光源鸡舍内肉鸡死淘率为1.18%,显著低于荧光灯鸡舍2.36%的死淘率(P0.05)。同时,LED光源鸡舍的25日龄以后的NH3浓度、22日龄以后的粉尘和微生物浓度均显著低于荧光灯光源鸡舍(P0.05)。因此,LED光源有利提高肉鸡的生产性能和改善肉鸡生活空间的空气环境质量,加之LED光源在养殖生产上的应用具有安全、经济、环保的特点,值得进一步推广和应用。