基于高光谱成像技术的鲜食核桃仁水分检测研究

为实现对货架期内青皮核桃仁水分的快速预测,利用高光谱成像技术采集货架期核桃青皮光谱数据,测定核桃仁含水量,利用连续投影法(SPA)提取11 个特征波长,建立了偏最小二乘法(PLS)、多元线性回归(MLR)和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)模型.结果表明,LS-SVM建模效果最好,预测集的相关系数Rp= 0.800 7...     

蜜瓜糖度透射光谱检测技术

采用便携式USB光纤光谱仪建立了蜜瓜糖度透射光谱检测系统,光源能量300W,光谱采集积分时间500ms,离散光谱累计采集次数为4次,光谱平滑采用厢车法,平滑点数为4点。利用该系统对140个非网纹类蜜瓜糖度进行了检测试验,采用经典最小二乘法(CLS)、逐步多元线性回归(SMLR)、主成分回归分析(PCR)和偏最小二乘法(PLS)对样品光谱和糖度的建模与预测结果表明,PLS法的建模与预测结果较好,相关系数r为0.857,均方根校正误差为0.655,均方根预测误差为0.838。     

班菲尔脐橙可溶性固形物近红外光谱特征谱区选择

为探讨快速无损检测班菲尔脐橙可溶性固形物(TSS)含量的方法,利用多元散射校正对脐橙1 000 ～2 500 nm近红外光谱进行了预处理,并用偏最小二乘法(PLS)、区间偏最小二乘法(iPLS)和联合区间偏最小二乘法(siPLS)分别建立预测模型.结果表明,采用siPLS将光谱划分为17个子区间,利用其中的第4(1 267～1355 nm)、5(1 356 ～1 443 nm)、9(1708～1795nm)、15(2 236 ～2 323 nm)号4个子区间联合建立的TSS模型效果最佳,其校正集决定系数和均方根误差分别为0.9109和0.331 2.预测集决定系数和均方根误差分别为0.878 9和0.448 7,主因子数为6个.研究表明,近红外光谱技术结合siPLS可优选出表征班菲尔脐橙TSS含量信息的特征光谱区间简化预测模型,同时提高模型预测能力和精度.     

基于近红外无损快速检测淀粉品质的研究

实验选择最优的光谱预处理方法和光谱范围,运用近红外光谱分析中的聚类分析法和偏最小二乘法(PLS)分别进行了定性和定量分析研究。结果表明,采用聚类分析法可准确地将样品分为两类,同时采用预测集的样品验证所建模型的准确性,预测准确率达90%以上。采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)所建的定量分析模型的相关性较高,预测相关系数和预测均方根误差均符合要求。     

基于近红外光谱技术的紫薯贮藏期间花青素含量检测

紫薯采后贮藏过程中,受环境因素影响,紫薯花青素会逐渐发生降解,导致紫薯色泽变化,营养品质下降。应用近红外光谱技术对贮藏期间的紫薯花青素含量变化进行了分析,建立了快速无损检测模型。实验采集了不同贮藏时间紫薯样本(120个)的近红外光谱,基于全波长范围4 000～10 000 cm-1结合不同光谱信号预处理方法(数据卷积平滑、一阶求导、标准正态变量变换(SNV))建立紫薯花青素的PLS(偏最小二乘)、SNV-PLS、i PLS(区间偏最小二乘)、GA-PLS(遗传算法-偏最小二乘)定量预测模型。结果显示,全波段经SNV为最优的原始光谱预处理方法。对经SNV预处理的光谱进行i PLS、GA特征波段筛选,所建立的GA-PLS模型预测效果最佳,预测集决定系数R2v和均方根误差为0. 913 6和7. 239 8 mg/(100 g),剩余预测偏差为3. 339 7。研究结果表明,应用近红外光谱技术可以较好地检测紫薯花青素含量,研究结果可为紫薯加工原料智能筛选以及贮藏品质监测提供一种可靠手段。     

马铃薯干物质含量高光谱检测中变量选择方法比较

为提高利用高光谱成像技术快速检测马铃薯干物质含量的精度,比较了主成分分析法(PCA)、组合间隔偏最小二乘法(siPLS)、遗传偏最小二乘法(GA-PLS)、无信息变量消除法(UVE)以及竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)等变量选择方法。在此基础上提出一种竞争性自适应重加权算法与连续投影算法(SPA)相结合的波长选择方法,最终将原始光谱变量从678个减少到了27个。用27个变量建立多元线性回归模型,模型预测集相关系数Rp为0.86,预测均方根误差为1.06%。实验结果表明:高光谱成像技术能够对马铃薯干物质含量进行检测,同时CARS-SPA是一种有效的变量选择方法。     

基于近红外光谱的面粉灰分含量快速检测方法

针对目前面粉灰分含量的检测方法存在操作繁琐、耗时长、费时费力和检测效率低等问题,运用近红外光谱分析技术检测面粉的灰分含量,选择最优的光谱预处理方法和光谱范围,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)及BP神经网络算法进行定量分析研究。结果表明:采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)所建的定量分析模型的决定系数R2为90.66,预测均方根误差RMSEP为0.055 3,总偏差为0.0279 3;用BP神经网络预测总偏差为0.036 7。研究发现,近红外光谱技术用于快速无损检测面粉灰分含量是可行的,且PLS、BP神经网络算法可进行面粉灰分含量预测。     

银杏叶总黄酮含量近红外光谱检测的特征谱区筛选

通过区间偏最小二乘法(iPLS)谱区筛选方法、反向区间偏最小二乘法(biPLS)谱区筛选方法和联合区间偏最小二乘法(siPLS)谱区筛选方法优化光谱特征区间,建立黄酮含量分析模型,并与波数范围为4 000～8 000 cm-1的全光谱偏最小二乘(PLS)模型进行比较。结果表明,采用siPLS谱区筛选方法将全光谱均匀划分21个子区间,选择两个子区间(7、12区间)联合时,建立的siPLS谱区筛选模型预测效果最佳,其交互验证均方根误差和预测均方根误差分别为2.950 0和3.000,校正集和预测集相关系数分别为0.938 4和0.943 7。因此采用siPLS谱区筛选方法可以有效选择光谱特征区域,提高建模预测能力,实现银杏叶总黄酮含量的快速检测。     

近红外漫反射光谱检测土壤有机质和速效N的研究

利用近红外漫反射光谱检测技术对土壤有机质和速效N含量进行了相关研究。通过自行设计的NIR光谱系统测定了150个土壤样品有机质和速效N。126个土壤样品用来建立校正集模型,其余24个用来验证模型的性能。采集完整土壤样品的近红外漫反射光谱,原始光谱经移动窗口平滑处理、SNV和一阶微分预处理后,分别采用最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)和偏最小二乘法(PLS),建立土壤有机质和速效N含量的定量预测数学模型。结果表明采用一阶微分结合最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)所建模型的预测效果较好,土壤有机质和速效N含量定量预测数学模型的决定系数分别为0.8255和0.8015,均方根误差分别为2.84和16.80。近红外漫反射光谱作为一种检测方法,可用于评价土壤有机质和速效N含量。     

基于近红外光谱的淀粉掺杂滑石粉检测方法研究

实验运用近红外光谱分析技术检测淀粉中掺杂滑石粉的含量;收集了国内常用的不同品牌不同种类的淀粉样本共32个,将滑石粉按不同浓度掺杂到淀粉中制备实验样本;选择最优的光谱预处理方法和光谱范围,运用近红外光谱分析中的偏最小二乘法(PLS)进行定量分析研究。结果表明,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)所建的定量分析模型的相关性较高,预测相关系数和预测均方根误差均符合要求。研究发现,近红外光谱技术用于快速无损检测淀粉掺杂滑石粉是可行的。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。