规模化畜禽场排泄物治理现状及经验调查

2002年,浙江省开始对畜禽养殖场的排泄物进行科学治理,实施畜禽禁、限养区,将规模化畜禽养殖场排泄物治理列入考核目标,安排专项资金加大治理力度,有效推动了全省畜禽规模化养殖场排泄物的治理工作。1规模化畜禽养殖场排泄物治理现状据调查,至2005年底,浙江省已有78个县(市、区     

规模化养殖污染的治理措施

一、充分认识畜禽养殖场排泄物治理工作的重要性和必要性 2005年浙江省把规模化畜禽养殖场污染治理列入了省政府“811”环境保护行动的重要内容,对出栏生猪3000头以上和存栏牛300头以上的108家规模化畜禽养殖场排泄物进行全面治理,实施“以奖代补”政策,取得了明显成效.但面临的形势依然十分严峻,一是少数地方对发展畜牧业和实施养殖场排泄物治理的认识不够到位.     

全国畜禽标准化规模养殖比重将大幅提升

力争到十二五末期,全国主要畜禽规模养殖比重要在现有基础上再提高10～15个百分点,其中达到标准化的养殖场占规模养殖场总量的50%,畜禽标准化规模养殖场生产水平进一步提高,排泄物基本实现达标排放或资源化利用,畜产品质量安全水平明显提升。     

浙江畜牧业将建污染治理电子档案

<正>日前,浙江省出台《浙江省畜禽养殖场污染治理达标验收办法(试行)》(以下简称《办法》)。这意味着今后在浙江,从事畜牧业,一旦养殖场排泄物污染治理未能达到环境标准,将一律不予准入。《办法》适用于年生猪存栏50头以上的养殖场(其他畜禽按猪当量折算),其中,生猪存栏200头以上的界定为规模养殖场。今后新建的养殖场也将按此《办法》实行准入。     

规模养殖场清洁生产途径

随着畜禽生产规模的扩大 ,现代化、集约化程度的提高 ,产生的排泄物和废弃物 ,如畜禽尿、粪便、污水等对周围环境及畜禽生活环境的影响越来越突出。因此 ,减轻或消除环境污染 ,已成为规模畜禽养殖场及环境保护事业发展面临的严峻挑战。1　规模畜禽养殖场发展过程存在的主要环境问题规模畜禽养殖场污染因素主要是畜禽饲养过程中产生大量的排泄物和废弃物 ,包括粪便、恶臭气体、污水等 ,有害成分包括病原微生物、有机氮、甲烷、Ｈ2 Ｓ、ＮＨ3等。病原微生物是人类及生物致病的传染源 ,大量有机成分造成水的污染 ,恶臭气体影响人类生活环境。若…     

“十二五”期间全国畜禽标准化规模养殖比重将提高10％-15％

11月4日．农业部在湖北宜昌召开的全国畜禽养殖标准化示范创建现场会上提出,力争到2015年,全国主要畜禽规模养殖比重在现有基础上提高10％-15％．其中达到标准化的养殖场占规模养殖场总量的50％．畜禽标准化规模养殖场生产水平进一步提高．排泄物基本实现达标排放或资源化利用．畜产品质量安全水平明显提升．     

建德市畜禽排泄物处理现状与对策调查

近年来,建德市随着畜禽养殖规模的扩大和养殖总量的增加,畜禽排泄物大幅增加,但因部分养殖场(户)治污设施相对落后,排泄物综合利用跟不上,导致畜禽排泄物直排,使资源变为污染源。为此,笔者对该市畜禽养殖排泄物治理现状及存在问     

控制畜禽生产对生态环境污染的营养策略

随着畜禽业的发展,畜禽养殖场和养殖规模不断增加和扩大,畜禽生产的排泄物以及由畜禽饲料和畜禽产品带来的有毒有害残留物对生态环境和人类健康的影响日益显现,因此充分认识畜禽生产对生态环境污染的严重性,实施控制、减少和消除畜禽生产对生态环境污染的营养策略,保护生态环境和人类健康,实现畜禽生产的经济效益、社会效益、生态效益最大化是当今动物营养工作者必须研究的重要课题。1畜禽生产对生态环境的污染1.1粪尿排泄物的污染养殖场畜禽粪尿排泄物是造成对生态环境污染的主要污染源。根据统计,以每只鸡每日排出粪尿100g计算,1个饲养1万…     

东阳市规模养殖场排泄物的生态治理模式及效益调查

近年来,随着东阳市农业结构调整和城乡一体化的发展,畜禽养殖业已从分散饲养向规模化养殖转变,畜禽粪便集中排放给周围环境造成的污染,已经成为农业主要污染源之一,严重影响了畜禽养殖业的可持续发展.生态型治理规模养殖场的排泄物,按照"减量化、资源化、无害化、生态化"的治理原则,变废为宝,已成为农业部门重点探索的问题.研究、推广养殖业排泄物治理技术,对于促进农业结构调整、推进城乡一体化以及建设和谐社会都具有十分重要的现实意义.     

中小规模养猪场沼气工程的研究实践

针对存栏50~500头猪当量规模畜禽养殖场污染物治理,研制出处理畜禽排泄物的新型沼气工程装置.工程装置适应用肥淡旺季、气温冷暖等不同季节.从而综合提升沼气工程的环境、生态、能源效益.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.