AcrAB Efflux Pump in Fluoroquinolone Resistant Salmonella gallinarum Induced by Ciprofloxacin Selective Pressure

Salmonella gallinarum has shown multiple drug resistance (MDR),especially high level fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in recent years.To determine whether the active efflux system was responsible for high-level FQ resistance,this research studied AcrAB efflux pump in Salmonella gallinarum on molecular level.The resistant strains were induced by standard strain C79-13 with ciprofloxacin in vitro.With carbonylcyanide-p-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) as an energy inhibitor,efflux inhibition test initially showed the potential impact of efflux pump on drug resistance.Sequence analysis of acrA gene indicated that gene mutation of AcrAB efflux pump was not definitely associated with MDR and drug resistance level of Salmonella gallinarum.Detected by competitive RT-PCR,the mRNA expression of acrA and acrB genes in the resistant strains significantly increased (p0.01) compared with that of the control strain C79-13.The mRNA expression level of acrB gene (increased from 1.6-to 2.9-folds) was consistent with that of acrA gene (increased from 1.6-to 2.8-folds),which increased with the drug resistance level.However,gene mutation of acrA gene showed no correlation with its mRNA expression level,indicating that gene mutation did not affect the expression of AcrAB pump itself.The results suggested that the overexpression rather than the gene mutation of AcrAB efflux pump was an important factor causing the high level drug resistance of Salmonella gallinarum.     

铜绿假单胞菌主动外排系统与耐药性关系的研究

铜绿假单胞菌是一种重要的院内感染条件致病菌,常感染癌症患者、烧伤患者等机体免疫力低下的患者,它对多种不同理化性质的药物高度耐药,其主动外排系统在耐药性中起主要作用.主要研究了铜绿假单胞菌主动外排泵的类型、组成及对抗生素耐药性的影响.     

TetR转录因子Ms2583对分枝杆菌异烟肼敏感性的影响

转录因子在细菌适应胁迫环境中发挥重要作用,但是参与药物胁迫的转录因子还知之甚少。本研究以耻垢分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium smegmatis)为研究对象,通过在药物平板上筛选转录因子超表达文库,发现MSMEG_2583(Ms2583)影响耻垢分枝杆菌(M.smegmatis)对抗结核药物异烟肼(Isoniazid,INH)的敏感性。超表达Ms2583使耻垢分枝杆菌对INH的敏感性增强;基因保守结构域分析表明Ms2583编码一个TetR家族的转录调节蛋白;凝胶迁移率阻滞实验和细菌单杂交实验证明Ms2583能够与自身启动子特异结合。     

X-ray structure of the EmrE multidrug transporter in complex with a substrate

EmrE is a prototype of the Small Multidrug Resistance family of efflux transporters and actively expels positively charged hydrophobic drugs across the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. Here, we report the x-ray crystal structure, at 3.7 angstrom resolution, of one conformational state of the EmrE transporter in complex with a translocation substrate, tetraphenylphosphonium. Two EmrE polypeptides form a homodimeric transporter that binds substrate at the dimerization interface. The two subunits have opposite orientations in the membrane and adopt slightly different folds, forming an asymmetric antiparallel dimer. This unusual architecture likely confers unidirectionality to transport by creating an asymmetric substrate translocation pathway. On the basis of available structural data, we propose a model for the proton-dependent drug efflux mechanism of EmrE.     

沙门氏菌耐药机制研究进展

综述了沙门氏菌耐药机制的研究进展。     

养殖鱼塘中铜绿假单胞菌致病性及耐药相关基因的研究

旨在分析养殖鱼塘水体中铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,PA)分离菌株的致病性、耐药性及其可能机制,为保障水产食品的安全提供科学依据。使用美国临床与实验室标准研究所的标准纸片扩散法,以及聚合酶链反应技术对PA分离菌株进行了抗菌素耐药性,以及毒性、固有和获得性耐药相关基因的检测与分析。结果显示,受试PA分离菌株的50%为exoS+/exoU-侵染型分子型,无临床分离菌株的exoS-/exoU+的细胞毒型分子型。PA菌株对6大类9种抗菌素的耐药性存在明显差异,其中甲氧胺苄嘧啶和利福平的耐药率最高为100%,其次是氨苄西林、卡那霉素和四环素,分别为90%、90%和80%,庆大霉素的耐药率最低为10%。多药抗性PA菌株均含有MexAB-OprM、MexXY-OprM和MexVW-OprM外排泵系统,其中20%菌株检测为β-内酰胺酶基因(ampC)阳性;而MexEF-OprN、MexJK-OprM、MexCD-OprJ和MexGHI-OpmD外排泵基因全部或部分缺失。此外,在PA菌株中均未检测到Ⅰ～Ⅲ类整合子的整合酶基因(comINT),但是整合接合元件(ICEs)保守模块功能基因(ICEint、soj、pilS2、pilD)均检测为阳性,提示PA菌株携带的ICEs具有潜在的转移活性,为进一步探讨PA多药抗性的散播奠定了基础。     

肺炎克雷伯菌药物外排泵mdtl的克隆及分析

[目的]探讨肺炎克雷伯菌ATCC 49790（KP）耐药的分子机制。[方法]以KP基因组DNA为模板来扩增mdtl基因,将mdtl基因扩增产物进行DNA测序及同源性分析;将扩增产物与载体连接后转化到大肠埃希菌KAM32感受态细胞中,对转化子进行药敏分析。[结果]KP的mdtl基因扩增产物与已报道的mdtl基因核苷酸序列同源性达到99%,这个转化子对红霉素、氯霉素和卡那霉素具有很高的耐药性,这种高耐药性能被外排泵抑制剂羰基氰氯苯腙和维拉帕米逆转。[结论]克隆到了KP一多药外排基因。     

基因本体论在福氏志贺菌转录组研究中的应用

利用RNA-seq技术进行环丙沙星敏感和耐药的福氏志贺菌2457T株的序列测定与组装,对其碱基序列借助基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)在生物进程、细胞组分、分子功能三方面进行注释和生物学分析。研究经过耐药诱导的转录组差异表达情况,并探讨差异表达基因在耐药性产生过程中的作用及相互关系。结果表明,通过耐药诱导有3 641个基因差异表达,其中961个GO条目注释到39个功能类别。同时发现硫酸盐、硝酸盐氧化还原相关酶系,电子/H+传导基因,膜转运蛋白,ABC外排泵家族4类耐药相关的功能基因组分。     

Reversal of adriamycin resistance by verapamil in human ovarian cancer

The effectiveness of adriamycin in the treatment of ovarian cancer and other human tumors has been limited by the development of drug resistance. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocking agent, completely reversed adriamycin resistance in human ovarian cancer cells with moderate (three- to sixfold) degrees of resistance and partially reversed resistance in highly (150-fold) resistant cells. The potentiating effect of verapamil was due to inhibition of adriamycin efflux in the resistant cells. These results have led to a clinical trial of adriamycin and verapamil in refractory ovarian cancer patients.     

甘草次酸在Caco-2细胞模型中的转运机制

采用液相-质谱检测甘草次酸在HBSS磷酸盐缓冲液中的转运量,结果表明:甘草次酸的转运量受时间、浓度以及p-糖蛋白抑制剂维拉帕米和汉防己甲素的影响,表观渗透系数P(appBL-AP)为(17.1±4.2) ×10-6～(54.3±6.3) ×10-6cm·s-1、P(appAP-BL)为(15.6-±3.4) ×10-6...     

几种水稻病毒非结构蛋白研究进展

对水稻病毒编码的病毒基质、管状蛋白、逆转录酶、基因沉默抑制子、核酸结合活性蛋白、转录调节功能蛋白6种非结构蛋白及其功能进行了介绍,为发现水稻病毒的潜在药物靶标以及研究病毒与寄主互作关系提供了参考。     

AmrB对嗜水气单胞菌氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药性的影响

AmrB是药物外排系统的重要成员,探讨AmrB与嗜水气单胞菌氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药性的关系,对研究嗜水气单胞菌耐药机制有重要意义。将amrB基因克隆至pET-28a载体上,双酶切和测序验证得到重组质粒amrB-pET-28a。对amrB-pET-28a/BL21进行诱导表达和镍柱纯化,制备得到效价为1∶6 400的兔抗AmrB抗血清。诱导获得嗜水气单胞菌AH1卡那霉素、链霉素和庆大霉素耐药菌株,Western blotting分析AmrB在耐药菌株中的表达量。Phoretix 1D和SPSS分析表明,AmrB的表达量在卡那霉素、链霉素和庆大霉素耐药菌株中显著地高于对照菌嗜水气单胞菌AH1,分别是对照的2.16、2.65和2.13倍,提示AmrB在嗜水气单胞菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药过程中起重要作用,这将有助于了解嗜水气单胞菌耐药的分子机制。     

Structural asymmetry of AcrB trimer suggests a peristaltic pump mechanism

The AcrA/AcrB/TolC complex spans the inner and outer membranes of Escherichia coli and serves as its major drug-resistance pump. Driven by the proton motive force, it mediates the efflux of bile salts, detergents, organic solvents, and many structurally unrelated antibiotics. Here, we report a crystallographic structure of trimeric AcrB determined at 2.9 and 3.0 angstrom resolution in space groups that allow asymmetry of the monomers. This structure reveals three different monomer conformations representing consecutive states in a transport cycle. The structural data imply an alternating access mechanism and a novel peristaltic mode of drug transport by this type of transporter.     

黄曲条跳甲易化扩散载体超家族成员的cDNA序列及其基因表达

采用转录组测序和荧光定量PCR等方法,分析蔬菜害虫黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolata(Fabrici-us)易化扩散载体超家族成员的cDNA序列及其基因表达。结果表明:黄曲条跳甲的一种易化扩散载体超家族成员PsMFS1,其开放阅读框为1 224bp,编码407个氨基酸,含有2个典型的功能域,即药物分子排出系统蛋白功能域和易化扩散载体超家族蛋白功能域;该基因在黄曲条跳甲雌雄成虫的不同部位中都有表达,其中头部、中肠和精巢或卵巢的相对表达量较高,触角和足部的相对表达量较低。     

Geotropism in corn roots: evidence for its mediation by differential Acid efflux

The elongation zone in intact growing corn roots secretes acid leading to a reduced pH along the surface of the root and in the adjacent medium. This can be detected by placing the root on an agar medium containing the pH indicator dye bromocresol purple. When the root is treated with a growth inhibitory concentration of the hormone indole-3-acetic acid, the acid efflux is reversed and growth is greatly retarded. When the root is mounted vertically, acid secretion is uniform along the elongation zone, and the root grows straight downward. When the root is placed horizontally, there is enhanced acid efflux along the upper surface of the elongation zone and reduced acid efflux along the lower surface. An increased rate of elongation of the upper cells relative to the lower cells then results in downward curvature of the root. The correlation between acid efflux patterns and growth patterns indicates that proton efflux is important in the control of root growth.     

瞬时渗透胁迫对沙冬青细胞离子流的影响

采用非损伤微测技术,研究了沙冬青悬浮细胞经不同浓度的氯化钠、甘露醇处理后,细胞Ca2+、K+、H+3种离子流速、流向及流量的变化。结果表明:氯化钠与甘露醇处理均诱导Ca2+外流,氯化钠诱导的Ca2+外流与氯化钠浓度有关;氯化钠诱导K+外流,而甘露醇诱导K+内流;氯化钠诱导的H+流具有先内流后外流的两个阶段的特点。H+-ATP酶在氯化钠诱导的H+外流中具有重要作用。