Leukemogenic activity of ether-extracted Rauscher leukemia virus

After rapid multiple extractions of mouse plasma virus with ether, the aqueous solution contained viral nucleoids that were infectious when inoculated intracranially into newborn BALB/c mice. The infectivity associated with the ether extract was not neutralized by the specific antibody prepared against the whole virus. No intact virus has been seen in these preparations. Treatment with ether completely removed the virus envelope from the particle and produced an apparently homogeneous preparation of viral nucleoids. After the extractions with ether, leukemogenic activity was inactivated by exposure to ribonuclease. The leukemogenic activity of the many-passaged Rauscher virus that has been propagated in tissue culture and that has low infectivity was also retained, and, in two experiments in which material was inoculated intracranially into mice, this activity appeared to have been enhanced by multiple extractions with ether.     

Mutagenicity of filtrates from respirable coal fly ash

Incubation of histidine-requiring auxotrophs of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium with cyclohexane-, saline-, and serum-soluble surface components of respirable fly ash particles produced an increased number of revertants in two frameshift tester strains. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that both organic and inorganic mutagens are present in coal fly ash.     

海藻多糖对小鼠骨髓放射性急性损伤的保护作用

目的：观察中药海藻多糖对小鼠骨髓放射性急性损伤的保护作用。方法：检测小鼠骨髓有核细胞总数、DNA含量及嗜多色性红细胞微核率。结果：小鼠接受2Gy γ射线照射后，小鼠骨髓有核细胞总数、DNA含量明显降低(P＜0．01)，骨髓嗜多色性红细胞微核率明显升高(P＜0．01)；20、40mg/kg剂量的海藻多糖能有效防止照射小鼠骨髓有核细胞总数、DNA含量降低(P＜0．05)；10、20、40mg/kg剂量的海藻多糖能防止照射小鼠骨髓嗜多色性红细胞微核率升高(P＜0．05)。结论：中药海藻多糖预防性给药对小鼠骨髓放射性急性损伤有一定的保护作用。     

Immunologic inhibition of ultraviolet radiation-induced tumor suppressor cell activity

Long-term exposure of C3H mice to ultraviolet radiation resulted in the formation of suppressor T cells that recognize ultraviolet radiation-induced regressor skin cancers as a class before the appearance of overt tumors. Administration of monoclonal antibodies to the product of the I-Jk subregion of the major histocompatibility complex or low doses of cyclophosphamide in vivo inhibited the development or activity of these cells. This activity of the monoclonal antibody was eliminated by adsorption on B10.BR (I-Jk) but not B10.D2 (I-Jd) splenocytes. These findings provide evidence that elements expressing the I-J determinant are important in regulating the host response prior to the overt development of ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cancers and suggest novel therapeutic approaches to malignancies or other diseases involving suppressor T cells in their pathogenesis.     

姬松茸液体发酵各组分多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响

采用MTT法依次用热水、冷碱、热碱浸提姬松茸菌丝体,研究得到的3种水溶性多糖及胞外多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响.结果表明:4种多糖在不同质量浓度下可单独或协同Con A刺激淋巴细胞增殖;以0.5-0.25μg.mL-1冷碱提取的水溶性多糖,可促进LPS诱导的脾淋巴细胞的增殖(P>0.05).     

Virus-induced corticosterone in hypophysectomized mice: a possible lymphoid adrenal axis

Infection of hypophysectomized mice with Newcastle disease virus caused a time-dependent increase in corticosterone and interferon production. Prior treatment with dexamethasone completely inhibited the virus-induced elevation in corticosterone concentration, but did not significantly alter the interferon response. Lymphocytes appear to be the most likely source of an adrenocorticotropin-like substance that is responsible for the increased corticosterone, since spleen cells from the virus-infected, but not from control or dexamethasone-treated, hypophysectomized mice showed positive immunofluorescence with antibody to adrenocorticotropin-(1-13 amide). Thus the adrenocorticotropin-like material and interferon appear to be coordinately induced the differentially controlled products of different genes. These findings strongly suggest the existence of a lymphoid-adrenal axis.     

Induction of tumors in mice by genomic hypomethylation

Genome-wide DNA hypomethylation occurs in many human cancers, but whether this epigenetic change is a cause or consequence of tumorigenesis has been unclear. To explore this phenomenon, we generated mice carrying a hypomorphic DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) allele, which reduces Dnmt1 expression to 10% of wild-type levels and results in substantial genome-wide hypomethylation in all tissues. The mutant mice were runted at birth, and at 4 to 8 months of age they developed aggressive T cell lymphomas that displayed a high frequency of chromosome 15 trisomy. These results indicate that DNA hypomethylation plays a causal role in tumor formation, possibly by promoting chromosomal instability.     

Common mechanism of chromosome inversion in B- and T-cell tumors: relevance to lymphoid development

An inversion of chromosome 14 present in the tumor cells of a patient with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia of B-cell lineage was shown to be the result of a site-specific recombination event between an immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable gene and the joining segment of a T-cell receptor alpha chain. This rearrangement resulted in the formation of a hybrid gene, part immunoglobulin and part T-cell receptor. Furthermore, this hybrid gene was transcribed into messenger RNA with a completely open reading frame. Thus, two loci felt to be normally activated at distinct and disparate points in lymphocyte development were unified and expressed in this tumor.     

Root curvatures induced by culture filtrates of Aspergillus niger

Evidence obtained by paper chromatography indicates that corn root curvatures caused by culture filtrates of Aspergillus niger are caused by the same compound which causes curvatures and malformations on the stems and petioles of bean plants. The R(f) values obtained for this compound were substantially different from those of indoleacetic acid.     

Pituitary tumors in mice after prolonged feeding of synthetic progestins

An enhanced development of pituitary tumors was observed in virgin female mice of the C57 Leaden strain following repeated oral administration of synthetic progestins. This finding appears to parallel the co-carcinogenic enhancement of mammary tumor development elicited in C3H mice treated repeatedly with progesterone.     

Immunological studies on urinary bladder tumors of rats and mice

Human neoplasms derived from the same tissue have been previously shown to have tumor associated antigens characterizing that tissue type. Evidence is now presented for the existence of analogous antigens common to both rat bladder papillomas and carcinomas, and for antigens common to mouse bladder carcinomas. Rats immunized with syngeneic urinary bladder papillomas, then challenged with a methylcholanthrene pellet inserted into the bladder, develop (4 to 6 months later) fewer primary bladder tumors than rats immunized with normal bladder tissue.     

Warfarin treatment of mice bearing autochthonous tumors: effect on spontaneous metastases

Long-term oral administration of sodium warfarin significantly reduced the incidence of spontaneous metastases in the lungs from 83 percent in controls to 8 percent in treated C57/BL/6N mice. The size and weight of primary tumors in mice treated with warfarin were less than in control mice. Length of survival was unaffected.     

Choline acetyltransferase activity is increased in combined cultures of spinal cord and muscle cells from mice

The activity of choline acetyltransferase was more than tenfold greater in combined cultures of spinal cord and muscle cells than in cultures of spinal cord cells alone. This increase was associated with the formation of functional neuromuscular junctions in culture. Counts of silver-stained cells and determinations of other enzyme activities indicated that the increased choline acetyltransferase activity was not due to nonspecific neuronal survival but reflected greater activity in the surviving neurons. Hence, muscle had a marked, highly specific trophic effect on the cholinergic neurons that innervated it.     

杏鲍菇发酵液对3种植物病菌的抑制作用

杏鲍菇是一种重要的具有食用价值和药用价值的真菌,其发酵液中含有大量的次级代谢产物。文章初步探究了杏鲍菇发酵液对尖镰孢菌、链格孢菌、禾谷镰孢菌3种植物病菌的抑制作用。结果表明：发酵液使3种病菌菌丝均表现出溶菌现象;发酵液原液对3种病菌菌丝生长速度及孢子萌发影响最大,其抑菌率依次为尖镰孢菌（92.78%）>链格孢菌（89.76%）>禾谷镰孢菌（87.45%）;其孢子萌发抑制率依次为禾谷镰孢菌（79.45%）>链格孢菌（72.25%）>尖镰孢菌（52.32%）。由此可见,杏鲍菇发酵液中的确存在对植物病菌有抑制作用的物质,进而为生物制剂的开发提供依据。     

Effect of synthetic smong on spontaneous activity of mice

Mice allowed to run in a revolving-drum activity cage are sensitive indicators of air pollution. They respond to the presence of synthetic smog by diminishing their 24-hour activity in the revolving wheels. The redLIction in wheel activity is comparatively greater for larger amounts of smog.     

Prevention of radiation-induced creatinuria by insulin

Insulin completely suppressed creatinuria in rats x-irradiated with an absorbed dose of 500 rads. The hormone may exert this effect either by restoring or maintaining the ability of irradiated muscle to take up creatine from the extra-cellular fluid at a normal rate, or possibly by influencing the synthesis or breakdown of phosphorylcreatine.