中国棉花品种和种子市场现状分析

分析了2003-2010年全国审定棉花品种数量及棉花品种和种子监测数据,结果表明:在品种数量上,全国审定的品种和生产上种植的品种基本上都是逐年增加;在品种比例上,常规品种逐年降低,杂交棉品种逐年提高,优质专用棉品种也有较大幅度的降低;在种植面积比例上,常规品种逐年上升,杂交棉品种近两年迅速下降,优质专用棉品种也有较大幅度的降低;在种子技术水平上,生产用种使用毛种子的比例逐年下降,包衣种子比例逐年上升;在供种方式上,农民自留种已降到10%以下,统一供种的比例也明显降低,市场化程度约60%.转基因抗虫棉品种数量、占品种总数的比例、占种植面积的比例均逐年增加,美国培育的转基因抗虫棉品种所占的比例越来越小.     

棉花新品种对比试验初报

为了了解各地选育的棉花品种丰产性、适应性、抗虫性和利用价值，筛选出适合本地推广的棉花品种，为2006年海门市推广棉花品种提供科学的依据，2005年海门市种子管理站承担了南通市种子管理站的棉花品种比较试验。试验结果表明：通创杂1号、国抗杂9号、苏棉21综合性状好、产量高。     

山东棉花主要品种的系谱分析

自１９７５年以来,山东育成的棉花品种主要来源于岱字棉１５、斯字棉２Ｂ和乌干达系统及其衍生种系。与其他品种杂交或复交育成品种,为山东的棉花生产发挥了重要作用。系谱分析表明,国外棉花品种资源在山东的棉花育种中应用成效显著。同时也指出加强棉花品种资源工作的创新研究也是至关重要的。     

改进河北省棉花品种区域试验评价体系的几点建议

河北省棉花品种区域试验始于1980年，至今已累计开展不同类型棉花品种试验14类，试验鉴定棉花新品种365个，推荐审定品种132个，审(认)定优良品种66个。多年来，河北省棉花品种区域试验不断发展与完善，目前已建立起一套完善的试验评价体系并在全省形成稳固的试验网络，为河北省棉花生产和育种研究发挥了重要作用。但在评价体系方面仍存在一些问题，还不能完全适应市场发展需求。为保证公平、公正地选拔棉花新品种，充分发挥品种试验在促进河北省棉花育种研究、新品种推广应用、棉花生产持续稳定发展中的重要作用，应进一步完善棉花品种试验评价体系。     

不同生态型棉花品种株型的塑造效应

不同生态型棉花品种株型的塑造效应江苏省东台市种子公司（东台２２４２００）严从林，黄桂宝，王敬东，丁田宇，任颐１不同生态型棉花品种的株型棉花品种的株型属典型的遗传株型，一般是指不同品种植株叶片、主茎、分枝、蕾铃的综合配置方式。在一定生态条件下，可使群体...     

棉花品种抗枯萎病鉴定

栽培抗病品种是防治棉花枯萎病的重要措施，１９９６年在石河子大学植病温室内对２４个棉花品种进行了全生育期抗枯萎病鉴定，参与鉴定的２４个棉花品种经苗期，蕾期，生长中期及收获期剖秆检验，结果表明，供试品种以中１６４，８６－６，中１９，中１７和９０１的抗性最强，我区目前培育的主栽品种和准备大量推广的品种都不抗病。     

狠抓棉花良种繁殖 推动棉种产业化

狠抓棉花良种繁殖推动棉种产业化安徽省庐江县种子公司（２３１５００）刘平棉花是我省主要经济作物之一。近年来，由于多种原因，棉花品种又出现了新的“多”、“乱”、“杂”现象。有的一个县种植几个棉花品种或品系，谁也当不了家；有的一个乡镇就有二三个品种，不知哪...     

星座图在棉花品种数量分类中的应用初探

本文探讨了星座图在棉花品种数量分类中的应用效果。结果表明,星座图是一种清晰简洁而又有效的数量分类方法。应用星座图分类法的关键是正确确定分类指标的权重。     

棉花品种的开发利用

1 棉花品种开发利用的依据不同棉花品种具有不同的属性。丰产性、抗逆性、早熟性、纤维品质,乃至株型、叶型、叶色、腺体等均属之。有的品性属质量性状,如雄性不育、芽黄、无腺体、鸡脚叶等,不易受环境的影响而改变;有的品性属数量性状,如产量结构诸因素,纤维细度、长度、强度等,易受环境的影响。品种是在一定生态和经济条件下,根据一定的目标选育而成的具有相对一致的特性的特征,     

世纪之交我国棉花品种改良的科技发展

近年来我国棉花生产急剧滑坡，起因是自然灾害，但缺乏突破性品种，或者说品种的遗传基础过于狭窄是内在的根本原因。我国棉花生产用种以自育品种为主的世代不会逆转。今后我国棉花品种改良的科技要点是：加强原始材料的收集和育种新亲本的创造；促进高新技术与常规育种的结合；常规育种技术亟待创新，重点是加强理论指导，方案要贴近生产实际；恢复诸如诱变及其与复合杂交相结合等方法研究；优质纤维将是遗传改良的重点性状。此外，品种立法也势在必行。     

植物新品种保护与品种审定的意义和异同

随着知识产权愈来愈受到社会各界的关注，植物新品种保护工作也显得尤为重要。该文着重介绍了植物新品种保护的发展概况、意义及其与品种审定的异同，使读者对植物新品种保护工作有所了解。     

大白菜施肥技巧与主要病虫害防治

1施肥技巧 大白菜施肥原则是：整地重施有机肥，苗后分次巧追肥。追肥要掌握“少量多次、前少后多、分期供给”。肥后及时浇水，以达到肥水均匀，充分发挥肥效。     

果蔬采后存在问题及贮藏保鲜技术发展

随着生活水平的提高,果蔬产品成为人们摄取营养元素的重要食品之一。分析了我国果蔬采后存在的问题,并对低温及气调保鲜、化学保鲜剂、涂膜保鲜技术及超声保鲜技术等贮藏保鲜技术研究进行了综述,指出我国果蔬贮藏保鲜技术持续、稳定、健康的发展要倚重于科技创新。     

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and residues of oil and protein crops

Oil and protein crops are of growing importance in cropping systems. This study was carried out to compare oil crops of linseed, rapeseed, sunflower and protein crops of faba bean and white lupin for grain production, residual plant dry matter and nitrogen. Two field experiments with either oil or protein crops were conducted in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Total dry matter production, grain yield, residues, N concentrations and mineral N in the soil were measured. Dry matter production and distribution as well as N uptake and residues varied greatly among species and between years. In 1993, oil crops gave up to 3 t ha⁻¹ grain and 16 t ha⁻¹ residues with sunflower, while in 1994 up to 5 and 11 t ha⁻¹, respectively, were recorded with winter rape. Protein crops showed an opposite reaction in years. Nitrogen uptake and residual N amounts were correlated with dry matter production. Plant residues of oil crops contained 20–140 kg N ha⁻¹; those of protein crops up to 80 kg N ha⁻¹. Despite the variation of residual plant N the variability of mineral N in the soil at harvest was hardly influenced by crops and amounted to only 20–50 kg NO⁻₃-N ha⁻¹.     

我国蔬菜产业和科学技术的发展与展望

1　我国蔬菜产业的发展现状蔬菜是人们日常生活中不可缺少的副食品,也是我国目前种植业中最具活力的经济作物。改革开放以来,随着市场经济的发展,农产品产销体制的不断改革和完善,特别是1988年实施“菜篮子工程”以来,蔬菜产业得到了蓬勃发展。1.1　播种面积1987~1999年,全国蔬菜播种面积由533.3万hm²,发展到1333.3万hm²,增长139.5%。1.2　总产量1987~1999年,全国蔬菜总产量由1.55亿t增加到4.05亿t,增长161.3%,使年人均鲜菜占有量达到330.7kg(世界各国人均105kg……     

向日葵抗盐碱生理生化机制与生长发育特性分析

以Y05-222A和Y06-136R杂交得到的135株F₂群体为研究材料,测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）等6个生理指标,并进行方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析,对F₂群体进行偏度及峰度分析。结果显示,以上6个生理指标在F₂群体中P>0.05,分布频率符合正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象;相关性分析和通径分析显示,这些指标与抗盐碱系数均呈极显著相关（正相关或负相关）,且相关系数与总间接通径系数方向一致。POD活性的直接通径系数为0.5003,可见POD直接影响抗盐碱性;CAT活性和Pro含量的直接通径系数分别为-0.1317和-0.0384,间接影响抗盐碱性;SOD活性、MDA及可溶性蛋白含量直接或间接影响抗盐碱性。POD、SOD、Pro、CAT、可溶性蛋白和MDA各生理指标的抗盐碱作用表现为POD>CAT>Pro>可溶性蛋白>MDA>SOD。叶片数、株高、茎粗和盘径与抗盐碱系数呈极显著正相关,其相关性表现为叶片数>盘径>株高>茎粗。以上结果可为研究油用向日葵抗盐碱性提供一定的理论基础。     

果蔬食品的褐变与控制

结合生产实际,对果蔬食品产生褐变的机理及其控制途径进行探讨。通过遗传学途径,培育果蔬新品种,使之不含易氧化变色物质,增强其天然抗褐变性,是控制果蔬褐变的根本途径。     

On Fengshui and Rockery and Water Layout

Definition of Fengshui and the theories of selecting mountain and water environment in Fengshui were elaborated. Theories about mountain-water relationship were expounded from the perspective of piling of rockeries and layout of water, a residential area in Hefei City, Beijing Olympics Park, Hangzhou Prince Bay Park, mineral pit of Shanghai Chenshan Botanic Garden, Beijing Beihai Park, Shanghai Changfeng Park were taken for example to demonstrate the influence of traditional rockery and mountain layout in Fengshui on modern landscape design.     

Approaches and Applications of Chemomics and Chemoinformatics

Some novel concepts of chemomics/molomics are proposed including hydrocarbomics, alcophenomics, carboxomics, pepitomics, metabonomics, etc. like genomics, protomics and glycomics in bioomics. Some examples are given to demonstrate the chemomics and/or molomics methodology and technology based chemoinformatics and bioinformatics and their wide applications in Chemistry and Biology.     

Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear

Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection.