现代坚果行业创新发展经验与不足

分析坚果行业的发展现状、工艺、设备、营销等方面的创新发展,以及行业面临的原料、品质等问题和不足,以便为坚果行业的进一步发展奠定基础。     

《中国农副产品批发市场行业通鉴暨20年辉煌成就展》

为贯彻落实《中共中央、国务院关于促进农民增加收入若干政策的意见》的精神，促进产销结合，前瞻行业动态，规范行业标准，完成在3年内培育2000个实行标准化、规范化管理的农产品批发市场的艰巨任务，全国城市农贸中心联合会会决定编辑出版大型献《中国农副产品批发市场行业通鉴暨20年辉煌成就展》，全面、系统地总结和展示我国农副产品建设信息，为进一步深化我国农副产品流通改革提供参考。     

标准化的重要地位和作用日益凸显

<正>标准是经济社会活动的技术依据,是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要技术支撑。截至目前,我国共有国家、行业、地方标准近10万项。其中,国家标准3万余项,备案行业标准近4万项,地方标准近3万项,涵盖一二三产业和社会事业各领域的标准体系初步形成。我国先后成为国际标准化组织(ISO)、国际电工委员会(IEC)常任理事国,并当选ISO候任主席、IEC副主席和国际电信联盟(ITU)副秘书长;已提交国际标准提案298项,正式发布141项。我国标准国际化水平不断提升,标准化在服务经济社会发展方面发挥了积极作用。     

《中国农副产品批发市场行业通鉴暨20年辉煌成就展》即将出版

为贯彻落实《中共中央、国务院关于促进农民增加收入若干政策的意见》和《关于进一步做好农村商品流通工作的意见》的精神,促进产销结合,前瞻行业动态,规范行业标准,完成在3年内培育2000个实行标准化、规范化管理的农产品批发市场的艰巨任务,全国城市农贸中心联合会决定编辑出版大型文献《中国农副产品批发市场行业通鉴暨20年辉煌成就展》,全面、系统地总结和展示我国农副产品建设信息,为进一步深化我国农副产品流通改革提供参考。据介绍,《中国农副产品批发市场行业通鉴暨20年辉煌成就展》是一部全面反映我国农副产品批发市场建设发展历史…     

首个奶酒国家标准获批

近日,河套酒业集团宣布《百吉纳奶酒行业标准勘获国家有关部门批准成为奶酒行业国家标准。河套酒业集团百吉纳奶酒国家标准的确定,标志着我国奶酒行业从此有了可以参照执行的标准,百吉纳奶酒此次获准的奶酒行业标准是中国奶酒行业的第一个国家标准。     

全国花卉标准化技术委员会盆景工作组落户如皋

为了以标准化引领和推动盆景行业的快速发展,全国花卉标准化技术委员会盆景工作组成立会议于10月27日在江苏如皋举行,标志着我国盆景产业标准化发展开启了新纪元。全国花卉标准化技术委员会秘书长、中国花卉协会副秘书长张引潮出席会议并致辞。张引潮表示,全国花卉标准化技术委员会盆景工作组的成立,对加快盆景标准化生产、提高盆景质量水平、增加市场竞争能力、引导国内外盆景消费等具有积极作用.     

市场快讯

我国申请制定控释肥国际标准我国已于近日向国际标准化组织——肥料和土壤调理剂标准化技术委员会(ISO/TC134)提出申请,希望以我国7月1日正式实施的《控释肥料》行业标准为基础,制定控释肥料的国际标准,ISO/TC134秘书处也已向其22     

运行趋势保持平稳 加快发展仍需努力——上半年我国果蔬茶加工行业监测分析

<正>今年上半年,我国果蔬茶加工行业总体保持平稳发展态势,加工企业数量保持稳定,产值平稳上升。下一步要继续加强科技攻关,推进技术和装备升级,调整产品多元化结构,加大对果蔬茶副产物综合利用的研究开发力度,促进果蔬茶加工行业健康发展。1.行业发展特点(1)全行业保持稳定发展1月-6月,全国涉及蔬菜、水果与坚果、蜜饯、水果罐头、果酒、     

坚果食品安全及营养价值的研究

从霉菌、大肠菌群等微生物方面研究开心果、巴旦木、碧根果、生纸皮核桃、夏威夷果等5种坚果,哪种坚果更容易滋生微生物,并阐述一定的食品安全问题。此外,通过自动凯氏定氮仪法测出开心果、巴旦木、碧根果、生纸皮核桃、夏威夷果等5种坚果的蛋白质含量,对这5种坚果的蛋白质含量进行定性比较,并从蛋白质这一方面表明坚果具有一定的营养价值。     

澳洲坚果组织培养研究初报

以澳洲坚果为供试材料,从澳洲坚果成年树上取含芽茎段进行组织培养,通过采用不同灭菌方法在培养基中添加不同浓度的激素,探索研究澳洲坚果的快速繁殖方法。结果表明,采用升汞直接浸泡可获得较好的灭菌效果。以1/2MS培养基为基本培养基,并添加2.0 mg/L BA和1.0 mg/L GA3可有效提高澳洲坚果外植体的萌芽率、增殖率和芽苗伸长长度。通过对澳洲坚果组织培养的研究,可为未来澳洲坚果的快速繁育和推广提供参考依据。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.