天麻不同炮制品中化学成分的变化研究

目的采用9种不同方法对天麻进行炮制,考察炮制前后天麻中天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇含量的变化情况及抗氧化活性的变化情况。方法采用HPLC法测定天麻生品和各炮制品中天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇的含量,并对不同炮制品进行DPPH法抗氧化实验。结果炮制后姜炙天麻中天麻素含量最高;炒黄后的天麻中天麻素含量最低;醋炙天麻中对羟基苯甲醇的含量最高;炒焦后的天麻中对羟基苯甲醇的含量最低;炒炭后的天麻抗氧化效果高于其他炮制品。结论不同炮制方法对天麻中两种化学成分的含量是有影响的,各炮制品的抗氧化活性也有差别。     

长白山乌杆天麻的林下仿生栽培技术研究

本文对长白山道地药材乌杆天麻的林下仿生栽培技术进行了系统研究,主要介绍了乌杆天麻萌发菌和共生菌制备过程及乌杆天麻在长自山区林下仿生栽培过程．可为长白山地区乌杆天麻人工栽培的规范化及产业化提供理论依据。     

HPLC测定天麻醒脑丸中天麻素的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定天麻醒脑丸中天麻素含量的方法。方法:Shim-packC18色谱柱(4.6150mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-0.05%磷酸(10:90),流速:1ml/min;检测波长:220nm。结果:天麻素进样量在0.48~9.40μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.9999,平均加样回收率98.42%,RSD=1.51%(n=5)。结论:方法简便,准确,重现性好,可作为天麻醒脑丸中天麻素的含量测定方法。     

靖宇县天麻资源及栽培现状调查

天麻 (ＧａｓｔｒｏｄｉａｅｌａｔａＢｌｕｍｅ)是多年生兰科草本植物 ,地下块茎入药 ,具有益气、养肝、镇惊、息风、止痉的功效 ,常用于头痛眩晕、肢体麻木等症。是常用名贵中药之一 ,也是我县地道药材主要种类之一。我县野生天麻贮量较大 ,人工栽培面积、产量也较大。为合理利用资源 ,促进天麻栽培业的发展 ,我们对靖宇县天麻资源及栽培现状进行了全面调查 ,现将结果报告如下。1　形态特征天麻属植物在全世界有 3 0多种 ,在我国有 5种。常作药用的是天麻及其 5个变型 ,在我县有两个变型 ,乌天麻和红天麻。1 .1　天麻多年生异养草本 ,无绿…     

天麻茎秆养生茶的研制及其抗惊厥作用研究

为合理利用长白山道地资源,以天麻茎秆为原料,与杨黄、青楷槭进行配伍,研制一款养生茶,并对其抗惊厥作用进行探究。在单因素实验基础上,采用正交实验设计、感官评分标准、高效液相色谱(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)等方法对天麻茎秆养生茶的制备工艺进行优化;对其可溶性糖、总氨基酸和水浸出物的含量进行测定;应用气相色谱-质谱法(Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry,GC-MS)对其香气成分进行分析,建立指纹图谱;采用戊四氮(PTZ)和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)建立两种小鼠惊厥模型,观察天麻茎秆养生茶(3000 mg/kg)对小鼠惊厥发作的行为影响,通过ELISA和免疫蛋白印迹分析(Western Blot)法检测小鼠脑中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、谷氨酸(Glu)、一氧化氮(NO)、五羟色胺(5-HT)、Na+-K+-ATP酶(Na+-K+-ATP)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、总抗氧化能力(AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSR)、丙二醛(MDA)、白介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)以及凋亡蛋白Caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax的含量变化;观察各组小鼠脑皮层及海马的病理学变化;免疫组织化学方法测定组织中c-Fos和TLR4蛋白的表达水平;并对天麻茎秆及养生茶的急性毒性进行了评价。结果显示:天麻茎秆养生茶的最佳工艺条件为:制天麻茎秆0.6 g,制杨黄0.1 g、青楷槭1.0 g,加沸水200 mL,冲泡时间10 min,冲泡次数为3。在此工艺条件下,测得可溶性糖量为39.4mg/kg;总氨基酸量为3.2mg/kg;冷、热浸法测得水浸出物的含量分别为391.6g/kg、79.1 g/kg;建立了该养生茶的指纹图谱;且该养生茶可显著延长小鼠惊厥潜伏期、缩短惊厥时间、降低惊厥小鼠癫痫等级及死亡率,改善由PTZ、NMDA所致的脑内指标变化,减少神经元受损,降低脑皮层及海马组织中的c-Fos、TLR4蛋白表达水平;急性毒性结果表明,天麻茎秆及养生茶对小鼠的毒性极小,几乎无毒。天麻茎秆养生茶具有良好的抗惊厥作用;可以为合理开发利用这三种资源提供依据。     

天麻富硒生产技术

阐述了天麻富硒生产技术.指出在富硒天麻生产过程中应掌握立地条件、栽培季节、选地整地、菌种制备、露地坑栽、袋料人工菌床栽培、袋料塑料袋栽培、有性繁殖、科学施硒、病虫防治及采收加工等栽培技术要点.     

大个体天麻高产优质栽培技术研究

2001～2002年,在龙山利用"人工催芽-留顶芽剔侧芽"种麻处理技术生产天麻,即对白麻进行人工催芽,然后剔除侧芽,留下顶芽,用这样的种麻栽培生产的天麻产出的皆为大个体箭麻,单个平均鲜重292 g,单窖(500g种麻/窖)产量达7 867 g,折干率为23.5%,分别是常规方法栽培的2.07倍、3.7倍和1.2倍.同时发现用该法生产大个体天麻时种麻重量宜在20～38 g之间.     

天麻种苗繁育技术

天麻主要依靠蜜环菌分解木材纤维素和半纤维素来获取养分用于自身生长,种苗繁育是天麻稳产、高产的关键环节,栽种天麻必须重视种麻的品质、蜜环菌的状态及环境条件的选择。该文从天麻种苗的繁育方法、准备工作、播种技术及天麻种苗的采收和运输等方面对天麻种苗繁育技术进行归纳总结,以期为种植户提供参考。     

地沟栽培天麻技术

本文介绍了天麻的地沟栽培技术,为从事天麻栽培研究与生产提供依据,促进长白山地区中药产业的发展。     

影响天麻产量的内在因素

影响天麻产量形成的各种外部条件光、温、水、气、土壤等都不可否认,想要获得优质高产的天麻,还需对内在因素进行研究,这对科学栽培天麻十分必要。     

不同海域海带多糖含量的比较性研究

目的研究不同海域海带多糖的含量差异。方法利用蒽酮—硫酸法对不同海域海带中海带多糖进行测定。结果经过测定,三大海域中,东海海域的海带中海带多糖的含量较高,达到10．37％。渤海及黄海海域含量相对较低,分别为8．54％和9．13％。结论通过对比可得出,由于受到地理环境、气候条件及洋流的影响,对海带中多糖含量具有明显的差异。     

树仔菜植株多糖的提取与测定

采用超声萃取法、浸泡提取法和加热回流提取法进行树仔菜多糖的提取研究，并用苯酚-硫酸法进行多糖含量测定。结果表明，超声萃取法提取效率最高，树仔菜植株中多糖含量为0.36%。该分析方法简便、快速、准确、灵敏度好。     

茶叶及茶多糖中氟测定前处理方法的比较研究

以不同品种茶树鲜叶及茶多糖为材料,比较了酸浸提、沸水浸提和碱熔灰化前处理对氟离子选择电极法测定氟含量的影响。结果表明,无论对茶叶还是茶多糖,碱熔灰化处理所测氟含量均极显著高于酸浸提和沸水浸提法（P<0.01）。茶叶水浸提法氟含量显著或极显著高于酸浸提法（P<0.05,P<0.01）。对碱熔灰化-氟离子电极法进行精密度及回收率实验,结果表明茶叶和多糖中氟的回收率分别达到91.07%~94.40%和83.04%~90.32%,而RSD分别为1.44%~2.54%和0.68%~1.03%,说明该方法稳定性好,精密度高,检测结果可靠,更能真实反映茶叶及茶多糖的氟含量,适宜于茶叶及茶提取物全氟的测定。     

不同采收期辽东丁香枝中黄酮和多糖含量的比较研究

目的测定不同采收期辽东丁香枝中黄酮及多糖的含量．对辽东丁香枝的质量进行综合评价。方法采用比色法测定黄酮及多糖含量。以芦丁和葡萄糖为对照品,在500nm波长下测定吸光度,测定黄酮的含量,在620rim波长下测定总多糖吸光度,分别测定可溶性多糖和粗多糖的含量。结果在0．15mg-1．5mg范围内,芦丁质量与吸光度A值线性关系良好,R2=0．9999;在0．04mg,．-0．20rag范围内,葡萄糖质量与吸光度A值线性关系良好R2=0．9974。黄酮在3月25日含量最高为8．52％,总多糖在9月4日含量最高为12．67％。结论通过T-TEXT比较不同采收期辽东丁香枝中的总黄酮和多糖含量,差异显著,黄酮随着多糖的增加呈上升的趋势。本方法简便、快速、可靠、适合辽东丁香黄酮及多糖的含量测定。     

Effects of Protein-Bound Polysaccharide Isolated from Pumpkin on Insulin in Diabetic Rats

To investigate hypoglycemic substances from pumpkin, protein-bound polysaccharide was isolated by activity-guided isolation from water soluble substances of the fruits. The protein-bound polysaccharide from pumpkin fruits (PBPP) was identified to consist mainly of polysaccharide (approximately 41.21%) and protein (approximately 10.13%) by anthrone test and Lowry-Folin test. Different doses of PBPP were evaluated for hypoglycemic activity and the effect on serum insulin levels in alloxan diabetic rats. The results indicated that PBPP can obviously increase the levels of serum insulin, reduce the blood glucose levels and improve tolerance of glucose. The hypoglycemic effect of big dose PBPP group (1000 mg/kg body weight) excelled that of small dose PBPP group (500 mg/kg body weight) and antidiabetic agent group. The results suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of PBPP depends on the dose and PBPP possesses the possibility of being developed from a new antidiabetic agent.     

Sulfated polysaccharides in marine sponges: extraction methods and anti-HIV activity

The extraction, fractionation and HIV-1 inhibition potential of polysaccharides extracted from three species of marine sponges, Erylus discophorus, Cliona celata and Stelletta sp., collected in the Northeastern Atlantic, is presented in this work. The anti-HIV activity of 23 polysaccharide pellets and three crude extracts was tested. Crude extracts prepared from Erylus discophorus specimens were all highly active against HIV-1 (90 to 95% inhibition). Cliona celata pellets showed low polysaccharide content (bellow 38.5%) and almost no anti-HIV activity (<10% inhibition). Stelletta sp. pellets, although quite rich in polysaccharide (up to 97.3%), showed only modest bioactivity (<36% HIV-1 inhibition). Erylus discophorus pellets were among the richest in terms of polysaccharide content (up to 98%) and the most active against HIV-1 (up to 95% inhibition). Chromatographic fractionation of the polysaccharide pellet obtained from a specimen of Erylus discophorus (B161) yielded only modestly active fractions. However, we could infer that the active molecule is most probably a high molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide (>2000 kDa), whose mechanism is possibly preventing viral attachment and entry (fusion inhibitor).     

红参粗多糖提取工艺的研究

以红参粗多糖提取率为指标,采用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量,比较水提、酸提、碱提3种不同提取方法的提取效果,并优化最佳提取工艺.结果表明,最佳提取工艺为：1∶8的料液比,100℃水浴提取3次,每次3h,红参粗多糖提取率达22％.     

Wheat flour non-starch polysaccharides and their effect on dough rheological properties

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour is able to form dough with unique rheological properties that allow bread making. It is well known that wheat protein content affects dough rheological properties, but there is not enough evidence about the role of other minor flour constituents. One such minor constituent is non-starch flour polysaccharides, which are mainly pentosans formed by a xylopyranosyl linear chain branched with arabinofuranosyl residues. Their spatial distribution and branching pattern can affect their relationship with gluten forming proteins and thus influence their functional properties, the dough rheological properties, and thereby the flour baking quality. In this study the content and structural characteristics of non-starch polysaccharides were investigated, as well as their influence on some dough physicochemical parameters. Five different wheat flours samples milled from Uruguayan wheat varieties with diverse rheological and breadmaking properties were used in this study. Water soluble flour polysaccharides were extracted and the amount of pentosans was determined by the orcinol-HCl method. The pentoses composition was determined before and after acidic hydrolysis of the water soluble polysaccharide fractions by GC. No free pentoses were detected in any of the assayed flour samples, so the pentoses composition found in the hydrolyzed samples was attributed to the non-starch water soluble polysaccharides. Water unextractable non-starch polysaccharides were determined by difference between the total and the soluble non-starch polysaccharides flour content.An improved method for the quantification of water extractable and non-extractable non-starch polysaccharides, using baker's yeast, was developed. Using this method, total and soluble non-starch polysaccharides content could reliably be determined both in whole flour and in pentosans enriched fractions. Free monosaccharide content was in the range from 0.03% to 0.06% (w/w), while the arabinose/xylose (Ara/Xyl) ratios varied from 0.8 to 1.4 in soluble non-starch polysaccharides and from 0.7 to 0.9 in total non-starch polysaccharides. The different Ara/Xyl ratios found for water extractable and unextractable arabinoxylans clearly indicates different substitution degrees in the polymers. Analysis of the dough rheological parameters in relation to the water soluble and non-soluble non-starch polysaccharides and the Ara/Xyl ratios from different wheat varieties was performed. A clear relation between some of these parameters could be inferred, since a direct relationship between total unextractable (AXi) content and resistance of dough to extension (P), as well an inverse relationship between the same parameter and dough extensibility (L) were observed. These results suggest that the flour non-starch polysaccharide content, as well the Ara/Xyl ratios may be used as additional parameters to estimate some of the wheat flours dough properties.     

盐碱地不同菊芋品系菊糖含量的比较

用紫外-可见分光光度法研究了菊芋品系R3、R4、B1、B5、B8中菊糖的含量,其中,以蒽酮-硫酸法显色测定总多糖,以DNS法显色测定了还原糖。实验结果表明,不同菊芋品系间菊糖含量为8.37%～16.78%,品系间差异极显著,品系R4的菊糖含量最高,达16.78%。     

安吉白茶多糖对实验性糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用研究

通过制备去甲肾上腺素致糖尿病小鼠模型及四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠模型,给正常小鼠、去甲肾上腺素致高血糖小鼠及四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠连续灌胃安吉白茶多糖14 d后,取血测定血糖水平,以探讨安吉白茶多糖对正常小鼠、去甲肾上腺素致高血糖小鼠及四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠血糖水平及糖耐量（GT）的影响。结果显示,灌胃2周后,安吉白茶多糖对正常小鼠血糖水平影响较小,低、中、高剂量组与正常对照组相比均无显著意义(P>0.05);安吉白茶多糖能明显降低去甲肾上腺素所致糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平,低、中、高剂量组的血糖值与肾上腺素模型组比较,差异极显著(P<0.01)。且高剂量组降血糖效果优于低剂量组;安吉白茶多糖明显降低四氧嘧啶所致高血糖小鼠的血糖水平,三剂量组的血糖值与四氧嘧啶模型组比较,差异极显著(P<0.01)。三剂量均能降低实验性高血糖小鼠血糖,且随剂量增大,降血糖作用增强,以高剂量降糖作用最强。安吉白茶多糖在缓解糖尿病小鼠糖耐量降低方面作用显著,达到了药物组的治疗水平,但并不影响正常小鼠的血糖和糖耐量。