表面活性剂对Ni-P-纳米碳管化学复合镀层性能的影响

采用化学复合镀技术制备了Ni-P-纳米碳管化学复合镀层,用正交实验方法分析了多种表面活性剂对镀层性能的影响,确定了Ni-P-纳米碳管化学复合镀最佳工艺条件。结果表明,采用阴离子表面活性剂与非离子表面活性剂进行复配时,所得镀层性能优于一种表面活性剂的单独使用,镀层硬度高、强度大。     

温度对桦木单板表面化学镀Ni—Cu—P三元合金的影响

利用化学镀方法在桦木单板表面沉积Ni—Cu—P三元合金,考查施镀温度对镀后单板表面电阻率和电磁屏蔽效能的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察镀后单板的表面形貌,利用EDS和XPS分析镀层成分,利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析镀层的组织结构,采用直拉法测定镀层与木材表面的结合强度。结果表明:当温度从80℃升高到90℃时,镀层平均表面电阻率从0.451Ω/cm2降低至0.301Ω/cm2;继续升高温度,表面电阻率小幅升高;在90℃时,施镀单板的电磁屏蔽效能在9 k Hz~1.5 GHz频段达到55~60 d B。SEM观察发现镀层连续、致密且具有金属光泽;EDS分析可知镀层中存在Ni、Cu和P元素,XPS分析可知镀层组成为Ni、Cu、P,其质量分数分别为79.84%、11.82%和8.34%;XRD分析表明镀层为微晶态结构;镀层与木材表面结合牢固。     

杨木单板表面化学镀镍的工艺条件对镀层性能的影响

研究了杨木单板表面化学镀镍过程中pH值和温度变化对镀层的电磁屏蔽性能和表面导电性能影响。用扫描电镜和能谱分析了镀层结构和含磷量。结果表明,pH值和温度升高,电磁屏蔽性能和表面导电性提高,但达到一定值后,电磁屏蔽性能和表面导电性又有所下降。杨木单板经表面化学镀镍后,表面完全被金属镍覆盖,金属感增强,并且镀层中磷含量较低,镀层为晶体结构。     

奥沙利铂-壳聚糖-海藻酸钠-多壁碳纳米管复合物的体外缓释行为

以奥沙利铂为模型药物研究多壁碳纳米管作为缓释载体的可行性,通过水溶性高分子修饰处理羧基化碳纳米管(MWCNT—COOH),改善其表面性质,利用透射电子显微镜表征修饰后的多壁碳纳米管的表面形貌,并且探讨了奥沙利铂-壳聚糖-海藻酸钠-多壁碳纳米管(OHP-CS-SAL-MWCNT)复合物在人工结肠液中的缓释行为。结果显示,多壁碳纳米管经过修饰后制备得到的奥沙利铂-壳聚糖-海藻酸钠-多壁碳纳米管复合物缓释效果良好,释放动力学基本符合Higuchi模型。说明多壁碳纳米管可作为药物缓释载体材料。     

镁合金新型电镀工艺研究

研究了一种镁合金表面直接电镀镍的新工艺.采用脉冲电流法预镀镍,再采用脉冲电流或恒电流方法电沉积镍,可在镁合金表面获得结合力、防护装饰性能优良的镍镀层.采用记时电位和动电位扫描方法研究了镁合金的直接电镀镍行为,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对镀层的微观形貌和结构进行分析.结果表明:镁合金表面经脉冲电流法预镀镍后,表面形成了稳定的薄层镍镀层,可为后续电镀镍合金提供性能良好的镀层基底;后续镀液中的促进剂具有提高电流效率、促进镀层沉积的作用.镁合金直接电镀工艺所得镀层具有非晶态结构,均匀、致密,耐蚀性能优异.     

镀镍桦木单板的物理性能分析

利用化学镀法在桦木单板表面沉积Ni-P合金镀层制得镀镍桦木单板。测试了镀层与单板表面的结合强度,对比分析测试了镀镍前后单板的抗拉强度、胶合强度、表面润湿性及导热性,同时还分析了其环境适应性(如抗低温、耐高温和耐腐蚀等性能)。结果表明,镀层与单板表面的结合非常牢固,经表面镀镍后,抗拉强度和表面耐磨性有所提高,胶合强度和表面润湿性稍有下降,导热性能显著提高。镀镍桦木单板具有良好的抗低温、耐高温和耐腐蚀性能,能够满足实际应用的要求。     

载荷对纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响

用脉冲电沉积技术制备表面平整光亮的纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层.采用XRD、TEM、SEM、EDS等方法研究了纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层的微观组织结构、表面形貌和合金成分.研究了干滑动摩擦条件下纳米晶镀层的摩擦磨损性能、磨损后的组织结构和硬度的变化.结果表明：纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层的晶体结构为单相面心立方结构.镀层的摩擦系数和磨损量随着摩擦载荷的提高而增大,即镀层的耐磨性随载荷的提高而下降.摩擦磨损使纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层发生晶粒长大,摩擦载荷越大,磨损后镀层的硬度越低.     

响应面法优化木材表面连续化学镀铜/镍工艺

为了探究木材表面化学镀的影响因素,先对杨木单板进行连续化学镀铜,再连续化学镀镍,进而制备理想木基金属复合材料。在单因素试验的基础上,以镀层粗糙程度为指标,采用响应面法优化化学镀的工艺条件。结果表明:单次化学镀镍时间为20 min、化学镀镍4次,化学镀铜3次时,木材表面所得Cu/Ni镀层表面线粗糙度Ra为4.091μm。分析结果验证了利用响应面法分析结果可靠,获得了木材表面复合镀层粗糙程度的理想制备工艺条件。     

光纤酸性化学镀镍工艺

系统研究了石英光纤表面酸性化学镀镍工艺，同时研究了温度、主盐浓度、pH等影响镀层表面形貌的因素.得到石英光纤敏化、活化的最佳温度为35 ℃.最佳施镀条件为: 次磷酸钠浓度为 0.2 mol/L,镀液中镍离子与次磷酸钠的质量浓度比为0.35，pH值为4.8，温度为88 ℃.在优化的工艺条件下，发现光纤施镀前预处理过程中的粗化不是得到连续镀层的必要条件.在未经粗化的石英光纤表面得到了均匀、连续、光亮、细腻、附着力良好的镍镀层，镀层的沉积速率为5.76 μm/h.     

碳纤维表面电沉积Ni-B合金工艺的研究

研究了碳纤维表面电沉积Ni-B合金工艺,结果表明碳纤维的预处理、镀液组分以及电解参数对沉积速度及镀层质量有明显的影响.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)对镀层的微观形貌、结构及组分进行了分析,表明在确定的电镀条件下可获得镀层中硼的质量分数为0.8%~4%的Ni-B微晶镀层,镀层细致、均匀、致密、结合力好.     

碳纳米管吸附特性的分子模拟研究简

碳纳米管是一种重要的一维纳米材料,具有许多独特的力学、电学和化学性质。碳纳米管的吸附特性一直是碳纳米管领域研究的一个热点。碳纳米管特性的分子模拟研究主要有2种方法,一种是密度泛函理论方法,另一种是分子动力学模拟方法。该研究对碳纳米管的结构特征进行了介绍,重点对碳纳米管吸附特性的密度泛函理论研究和分子动力学模拟研究进展进行了综述,同时简要介绍了密度泛函理论和分子动力学模拟这2种分子模拟,展望了分子模拟研究方法在碳纳米管吸附特性研究方面的发展方向。     

High-performance carbon nanotube fiber

With their impressive individual properties, carbon nanotubes should form high-performance fibers. We explored the roles of nanotube length and structure, fiber density, and nanotube orientation in achieving optimum mechanical properties. We found that carbon nanotube fiber, spun directly and continuously from gas phase as an aerogel, combines high strength and high stiffness (axial elastic modulus), with an energy to breakage (toughness) considerably greater than that of any commercial high-strength fiber. Different levels of carbon nanotube orientation, fiber density, and mechanical properties can be achieved by drawing the aerogel at various winding rates. The mechanical data obtained demonstrate the considerable potential of carbon nanotube assemblies in the quest for maximal mechanical performance. The statistical aspects of the mechanical data reveal the deleterious effect of defects and indicate strategies for future work.     

Subnanometer motion of cargoes driven by thermal gradients along carbon nanotubes

An important issue in nanoelectromechanical systems is developing small electrically driven motors. We report on an artificial nanofabricated motor in which one short carbon nanotube moves relative to another coaxial nanotube. A cargo is attached to an ablated outer wall of a multiwalled carbon nanotube that can rotate and/or translate along the inner nanotube. The motion is actuated by imposing a thermal gradient along the nanotube, which allows for subnanometer displacements, as opposed to an electromigration or random walk effect.     

Tunable resistance of a carbon nanotube-graphite interface

The transfer of electrons from one material to another is usually described in terms of energy conservation, with no attention being paid to momentum conservation. Here we present results on the junction resistance between a carbon nanotube and a graphite substrate and show that details of momentum conservation also can change the contact resistance. By changing the angular alignment of the atomic lattices, we found that contact resistance varied by more than an order of magnitude in a controlled and reproducible fashion, indicating that momentum conservation, in addition to energy conservation, can dictate the junction resistance in graphene systems such as carbon nanotube junctions and devices.     

钢质储油罐底板腐蚀调查与分析

通过对某储油罐底板腐蚀情况的调查，分析了油罐防腐涂料的成分及导电质，认为防腐涂料中的溶剂、石墨、炭黑和碳纤维导电质是造成罐底板腐蚀加剧的主要原因，建议采用无溶剂强抗渗涂料为底漆，高耐蚀鳞片导静电涂料为面漆，以改善该储油罐的防腐层结构。     

Nanotube molecular wires as chemical sensors

Chemical sensors based on individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are demonstrated. Upon exposure to gaseous molecules such as NO(2) or NH(3), the electrical resistance of a semiconducting SWNT is found to dramatically increase or decrease. This serves as the basis for nanotube molecular sensors. The nanotube sensors exhibit a fast response and a substantially higher sensitivity than that of existing solid-state sensors at room temperature. Sensor reversibility is achieved by slow recovery under ambient conditions or by heating to high temperatures. The interactions between molecular species and SWNTs and the mechanisms of molecular sensing with nanotube molecular wires are investigated.     

Water-assisted highly efficient synthesis of impurity-free single-walled carbon nanotubes

We demonstrate the efficient chemical vapor deposition synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes where the activity and lifetime of the catalysts are enhanced by water. Water-stimulated enhanced catalytic activity results in massive growth of superdense and vertically aligned nanotube forests with heights up to 2.5 millimeters that can be easily separated from the catalysts, providing nanotube material with carbon purity above 99.98%. Moreover, patterned, highly organized intrinsic nanotube structures were successfully fabricated. The water-assisted synthesis method addresses many critical problems that currently plague carbon nanotube synthesis.     

Bolometric infrared photoresponse of suspended single-walled carbon nanotube films

The photoresponse in the electrical conductivity of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) film is dramatically enhanced when the nanotube film is suspended in vacuum. We show here that the change in conductivity is bolometric (caused by heating of the SWNT network). Electron-phonon interactions lead to ultrafast relaxation of the photoexcited carriers, and the energy of the incident infrared (IR) radiation is efficiently transferred to the crystal lattice. It is not the presence of photoexcited holes and electrons, but a rise in temperature, that results in a change in resistance; thus, photoconductivity experiments cannot be used to support the band picture over the exciton model of excited states in carbon nanotubes. The photoresponse of suspended SWNT films is sufficiently high that they may function as the sensitive element of an IR bolometric detector.     

纳米碳粉和碳管对大肠杆菌抗紫外伤害的研究

[目的]研究碳纳米材料在紫外条件下对微生物细胞的生物学效应。[方法]以pUC19质粒的大肠杆菌（E.coli）为材料,研究多壁纳米碳管、纳米碳粉在不同紫外强度下对微生物存活率的影响。[结果]通过不同时间的紫外照射试验表明,加入纳米碳管可以有效增加存活菌落数目,而加入纳米碳粉也能提高微生物的存活率。[结论]碳纳米材料能够提高微生物在紫外条件下的生存率。     

Unraveling nanotubes: field emission from an atomic wire

Field emission of electrons from individually mounted carbon nanotubes has been found to be dramatically enhanced when the nanotube tips are opened by laser evaporation or oxidative etching. Emission currents of 0.1 to 1 microampere were readily obtained at room temperature with bias voltages of less than 80 volts. The emitting structures are concluded to be linear chains of carbon atoms, Cn, (n = 10 to 100), pulled out from the open edges of the graphene wall layers of the nanotube by the force of the electric field, in a process that resembles unraveling the sleeve of a sweater.