河流缓冲带的功能与基本恢复原则

河流缓冲带位于陆地生态系统与水生生态系统之间,具有多种生态、经济和景观的功能。本文简要的介绍了河流缓冲带的这些功能,并对河流缓冲带的恢复工作提出了几点原则。希望引起景观设计师的重视,对河流整治的项目具有借鉴的作用。     

森林河溪植被带建设

森林河溪植被带对河流水质、水量,改善小气候、增加生物多样性和稳定性等方面起着非常重要的作用.文章从森林植被带的重要性出发,介绍了国外河岸植被缓冲带建设模式,提出了我国河溪植被带的建设原则、构建过程及其评价.     

山区生态系统中的生境和河溪的管理（二）

3 山区生境和河溪交错带 山区生态系统的生境方法是坚实地基于动态开放系统的理念,根据这个理念,流域生境和河溪交错带成为山区生态系统的空间基石.当水陆生境与周边陆生和水生生境的生态过程相联时,就形成了河溪交错带.只有从功能和地理空间上,与土壤层和季节性吸水和出水相联系,流域生态结构才能被识别和绘制.     

程海湖生态修复设计

设计通过制安防护网、灌溉引水、土壤改良、生态廊道建设、植物景观六大工程构建湖滨缓冲带,恢复自然生态基底、构建健康稳定的生态系统、增设低干扰服务监管系统,提高了湖滨缓冲带物理隔离功能、对面源污染物的截留、净化效率、生物保育、景观功能.通过施工建设,程海湖湖滨生态带的生态功能有所恢复.     

河岸植被缓冲带的功能及其设计与管理

对河岸植被缓冲带的主要功能、河岸植被缓冲带设计中应注意的影响因素和模型及地理信息系统在河岸植被缓冲带管理中的应用情况进行探讨,提出今后河岸植被缓冲带领域的研究重点和方向。     

沙湖流域生态服务功能问卷调查分析

通过问卷调查,了解专业人员对沙湖流域目前生态服务功能的定性评价,结果表明:沙湖流域饮用水、水产品、鸟类栖息地、休闲娱乐和湖滨缓冲带净化等生态服务功能的权重分别为7.2%、13.9%、19.4%、43.1%、16.4%。说明专业人员对休闲娱乐服务功能评分最高,沙湖的服务功能主要是休闲娱乐,是人们休闲旅游的胜地,但也是直接或间接影响沙湖流域生态系统和水质变化的潜在威胁因素。调查结果可为沙湖流域生态环境综合治理和安全评估提供科学依据。     

长江滩地植被缓冲带类型及功能与生态重建

长江滩地植被缓冲带包括原生植被、人工植被两大类,其中人工植被缓冲带又包括森林、林农复合系统和农田缓冲带;长江滩地植被缓冲带具有保水固土,过滤径流,提供生物栖息地,防浪护堤,改善长江水文状况和美化滩地环境,丰富人文景观等现实与潜在功能;分析提出了生态重建的总体目标、原则(可持续性,自我恢复,分类重建,调整反馈)与步骤(信息系统建立,系统诊断与评价,规划设计与生态重建,长江保护与流域可持续发展)。为滩地资源的合理利用以及长江流域的科学保护提供科学依据。     

滨水植被缓冲带水质净化研究

滨水植被缓冲带兼具生态、社会和经济价值。对其研究以生态学和水文学为基础,涉及多种学科和技术。我国滨水植被缓冲带的理论与实践研究均较为薄弱。文中从滨水植被缓冲带的结构特征及作用、滨水植被缓冲带水质净化机理和滨水植被缓冲带水质净化的影响因素3个方面进行论述,同时探讨总结了滨水植被缓冲带在水质净化方面需要进一步研究的突出问题。随着人们对水污染关注的增加,滨水植被缓冲带的生态净水方式将备受重视。     

砒砂岩区沙棘林缓冲带细根及土体抗崩解特征

探讨砒砂岩区不同宽度沙棘缓冲带生态调控效益的差异,对有效防治土壤侵蚀生态建设具有现实意义。采用野外典型取样和室内测定方法,研究了缓冲带内及带外下坡土层的物理化学性质、土壤崩解速率和缓冲带内沙棘细根的比根长变化特征。结果表明,随着缓冲带宽度的增加,缓冲带带内及带外下坡土壤的物理及化学性质优化程度逐渐提高。随沙棘缓冲带带宽的逐渐增加,土壤内细根的比根长也随之增加。沙棘缓冲带能有效降低沙棘缓冲带内及带外下坡土壤的崩解速率,并且带宽与土壤崩解速率呈负相关。比根长与崩解速率在0.05检验水平下显著负相关,当缓冲带带宽大于15 m时,林带内土壤中的细根比根长不再具有差异性,故15 m带宽的沙棘缓冲带为最适宽度。     

竹林河岸缓冲带对地表径流的水质净化研究

对赣江上游退耕还林河岸缓冲带（宽度12 m）、退耕还林河岸缓冲带（宽度24 m）和农田河岸缓冲带等3种用地类型河段的水质监测结果显示,消减地表水TN、TP能力大小依次均为退耕还林河岸缓冲带（24 m）〉农田河岸缓冲带〉退耕还林河岸缓冲带（宽度12 m）,表明宽度窄的农田竹林缓冲带具复合结构的功能型实用性,可加强研究与实践推广应用。     

Comparing buffer zone alternatives in forest planning using a decision support system

Increased awareness of the connection between forest management activities and negative effects on water quality means that forestry needs to consider its potential impact on the aquatic environment when planning operations. Protective buffer zones are effective, but their design can vary. To be able to incorporate up-to-date scientific theory into practical applications easy-to-use planning tools are needed. In this study, we evaluate different buffer zone alternatives by using the freely available decision support system Heureka. The consequences on both economic and ecological values over a time period of 100 years were evaluated for two buffer zone approaches and three management alternatives within the buffer zones. Results indicated that there is a trade-off between economic and ecological values when managing the buffer zones. To be able to perform the analyses within Heureka, a new tool was developed. This software development provides access to a forest planning tool that can help improve nature conservation.     

Buffer Zones as a Conservation Strategy

Abstract

Buffer zones serve as zones outside a protected area from which people can derive material or economic benefit, but which also provide wildlife habitat and ecosystem services. “Integrated conservation and development programs” (ICDPs) established in buffer zone communities promote sustainable patterns of economic development. However, they have been widely criticized for poor implementation. In this paper, I examine Conservation International's AMISCONDE program in Costa Rica as a case study of the role of ICDPs in buffer zones. The study suggests that varying and poorly defined conceptions of buffer zones among ICDP workers and participants can contribute to the failure of ICDPs to implement effective buffer zone-based conservation strategies. Alternative approaches to buffer zone delineation are examined. Recommendations include the clarification of competing buffer zone definitions; construction of a buffer zone definition that can be shared by all conservation participants in the region; and systematic assessment of the conceptual linkages between ICDP activities and conservation goals.     

新会银湖湾湿地公园总体规划

通过对新会围垦湿地现状优劣势分析,以＂核心区—缓冲区—生产服务区＂为空间布局模式,以生态区、景观区和服务区为具体规划内容,在围垦的基础上规划建设银湖湾湿地公园,使围垦湿地成为集恢复、保育、科研、教育、欣赏、体验于一体的珠江三角洲滨海湿地保护与开发的最佳范例。     

长潭自然保护区不同功能区森林土壤有机碳分布规律

在分析长潭自然保护区不同功能区土壤有机碳分布时,本研究发现,不同功能区土壤有机碳差异显著（P〈0．05）,土壤有机碳含量为实验区〉缓冲区〉核心区;不同功能区各层土壤有机碳含量为：0～50cm土层土壤有机碳含量为实验区〉缓冲区〉核心区．50～100cm土层土壤有机碳含量为缓冲区〉实验区〉核心区,缓冲区土壤有机碳含量变化大于核心区与实验区。     

Forest-floor temperatures and soil moisture across riparian zones on first- to third-order headwater streams in southern New England,USA

Riparian zones along forest streams in the western United States have been repeatedly shown to be floristically and climatically different from adjacent upland forest, and to be important contributors to forest biodiversity. Similar evidence for the presence or function of riparian zones is lacking for forests of the northeastern U.S. We conducted seasonal surveys of forest-floor temperature and soil moisture across 30-m riparian transects on first- to third-order streams in southern New England. We were unable to detect any effect of distance from the stream channel on either temperature or soil moisture. These preliminary results indicate the absence of a unique riparian forest-floor microclimate within 30 m of low-order streams in southern New England. While this study failed to identify a distinctive riparian microclimatic zone, protection of a riparian buffer during forestry operations or other disturbance is essential for the protection of forest streams and their resources and the maintenance of forest biodiversity.     

Thinning and in-stream wood recruitment in riparian second growth forests in coastal Oregon and the use of buffers and tree tipping as mitigation

Many aquatic habitats in coastal Oregon have been impacted by historic land use practices that led to losses of in-stream wood and associated degraded fish habitats. Many of these streams are now bordered by stands of dense second growth forests(30–80 years) that are incorporated into riparian buffer zones with low wood recruitment and storage. Thinning in riparian zones is one management option to increase the rate of large tree growth and eventually larger in-stream wood, however, it raises concern about impacts on current wood recruitment, among other issues. Using a forest growth simulation model coupled to a model of in-stream wood recruitment, we explore riparian management alternatives in a Douglas-fir plantation in coastal Oregon. Alternatives included:(1) no treatment,(2) single and double entry thinning, without and with a 10-m buffer, and(3) thinning combined with mechanical introduction of some portion of the thinned trees into the stream(tree tipping). Compared to no treatment, single and double entry thinning on one side of a channel, without a 10-m buffer, reduce cumulative instream wood volume by 33 and 42 %, respectively, after100 years(includes decay). Maintaining a 10-m buffer reduces the in-stream wood loss to 7 %(single entry thin)and 11 %(double entry). To completely offset the losses of in-stream wood in a single entry thin(on one or both sides of the stream), in the absence or presence of a 10-m buffer,requires a 12–14 % rate of tree tipping. Relative to the notreatment alternative, cumulative in-stream wood storage can be increased up to 24 % in a double-entry thin with no buffer by tipping 15–20 % of the thinned trees(increased to 48 % if thinning and tipping simultaneously on both sides of the stream). The predicted increases in in-stream wood that can occur during a thin with tree tipping may be effective for restoring fish habitat, particularly in aquatic systems that have poor habitat conditions and low levels of in-stream wood due to historic land use activities.     

Nutrient Attenuation in Agricultural Surface Runoff by Riparian Buffer Zones in Southern Illinois,USA

Nutrients in overland flow from agricultural areas are a common cause of stream and lake water quality impairment. One method of reducing excess nutrient runoff from non-point sources is to restore or enhance existing riparian areas as vegetative buffers. A field scale study was conducted to assess the ability of remnant giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.) and forest riparian buffer zones to attenuate nutrients in agricultural surface runoff from natural precipitation events. Two adjacent, 10.0 m wide riparian buffers were instrumented with 16 overland flow collectors to monitor surface runoff for nitrate, ammonium, and orthophosphate. Measurements were taken at 3.3 m increments within each buffer. The forest buffer significantly reduced incoming dissolved nitrate-N, dissolved ammonium-N, total ammonium-N, and total orthophosphate masses in surface runoff by 97, 74, 68, and 78 , respectively within the 10.0 m riparian buffer. Nutrient reductions within the cane buffer were 100 for all three nutrients due to relatively high infiltration rates. Significant reductions of total ammonium- N and total orthophosphate were detected by 3.3 m in the cane buffer and at 6.6 m in the forest buffer. Results suggest that both giant cane and forest vegetation are good candidates to incorporate into riparian buffer restoration designs for southern Illinois as well as in other regions within their native range with similar climatic and physiographic conditions.