不同检疫方法对奶牛结核病阳性检出率的影响

选取不同奶牛场中的结核病阳性牛、可疑牛以及假定健康牛群,通过相同剂量间隔一定时间、同一头牛同时进行不同剂量牛型和禽型提纯结核菌素检疫对照,比较结核病阳性率的差异程度,从而分析不同方法对奶牛结核病阳性检出率的影响,为奶牛结核病检疫提供技术支持.     

不同检疫方法对奶牛结核病阳性率的影响研究

本试验对不同奶牛场中的阳性牛、可疑牛以及假定健康牛群进行了对比,通过相同剂量间隔一定时间、在同一头奶牛上同时进行不同剂量牛型和禽型提纯结核菌素进行检疫对照,比较结核病阳性牛存在的差异程度,从而分析不同方法对奶牛结核病阳性率的影响,为今后检疫提供技术支持。     

不同剂量牛型和禽型提纯结核菌素对奶牛结核病皮内变态反应的影响

柳州市是奶牛结核病老疫区，多年来，通过检疫、淘汰、净化，使柳州市奶牛结核病阳性率从1998年的11．6％下降到2003年的0．98％，取得了显著成绩。但是，由于判断标准的变化以及考虑到其他因素的影响，我们开始对不同剂量的牛型和禽型提纯结核菌素进行了临床研究。以求探明牛型和禽型提纯结核菌素不同剂量对判断结果的影响。现将研究结果报告如下。     

不同检疫方法影响奶牛结核病阳性率的研究

本研究在不同奶牛场中的结核阳性牛和可疑牛以及假定健康牛群中进行对比,通过相同剂量间隔一定时间、在同一头牛上同时注射不同剂量牛型和禽型提纯结核菌素进行检疫对照,比较结核病阳性牛存在的差异程度,从而分析不同方法对奶牛结核病阳性率的影响,为今后检疫提供技术支持。结果表明72h观察结果阳性数最多,但也有出现迟发性变态反应;有禽型反应大于牛型反应的可能性,但数量不多;不同剂量检疫,剂量大时检出率偏高,淘汰率也增多,对畜牧生产造成不利影响。     

应用三点同步注射比较变态反应诊断奶牛结核病

用三种结核菌素在颈部三点同步注射,检测非疫区奶牛５８９头,检出牛型提纯结核菌素皮内变态反应阳必 ７１头、牛禽双阳性牛２６头、牛副双阳性牛２５头,经用比较变态反应鉴别,２６头牛禽双阳性牛中,有２２头牛为禽型提纯结核菌素皮内变态反应阳性牛;２５头牛副双阳性牛中,２３头牛为副结核菌素皮内变态反应阳性,三点同步注射比较变态反应系解决特异性反应的简便适用的有效方法。     

不同检疫方法影响奶牛结核病阳性率的研究

本试验在不同奶牛场中的阳性牛和可疑牛以及假定健康牛群中进行对比,通过相同剂量间隔一定时间、在同一头牛上同时进行不同剂量牛型和禽型提纯结核菌素进行检疫对照,比较结核病阳性牛存在的差异程度,从而分析不同方法对奶牛结核病阳性率的影响,为今后检疫提供技术支持。     

两种奶牛结核病检测方法的比较研究

牛结核病是由牛分枝杆菌引起的一种人兽共患的慢性消耗性传染病,严重威胁着人类的健康。因此,对该病的定期检疫对公共卫生和食品安全具有重大意义。本研究采用提纯结核菌素(PPD)皮内变态反应试验和γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)ELISA试验,对扬州市的892头奶牛进行结核病检测。结果表明,PPD皮内变态反应检出的31头牛型结核阳性牛和可疑牛中,经IFN-γELISA试验检测仅检出9头禽型结核可疑牛。PPD皮内变态反应试验特异性较差,出现了较高的假阳性率,其原因可能与禽结核分枝杆菌感染或其他非特异性因素的干扰有关。     

驻鲁部队牛副结核病的初步调查

为弄清山东驻军牛副结核病的感染情况,我们应用禽型结核菌素变态反应检测了4个养牛场80头奶牛。现将情况报道如下。材料和方法一、提纯禽型结核菌素:购自黑龙江省兽药一厂,含25000IU/ml,批号8802。二、被检牛:济南部队4个不同地区奶牛场的80头奶牛。     

人牛结核病互感关系的探讨

为研究人牛结核病互相传播的关系,对2800头育肥黄牛做了结核菌素试验,发现结核菌素阳性牛9头,结核感染率为3．21‰;在对4250头屠宰黄牛中,肉眼观察确定牛胸内淋巴结核病灶62头,检出率1．46％,其中细菌培养阳性的30头,占0．71％,病理组织学确诊结核病灶48头,占1．13％。有29株可做菌型鉴定,菌型鉴定结果是：牛型14株（67％）,非典型分支杆菌5株（24％）,人型2株（9．5％）;另外对63头结核菌素阳性奶牛牛乳做细菌学培养检查,培养阳性24株,其中有16株可做菌型鉴定．全部为非典型分支杆菌;为了解结核病人茵型分类情况,在人的痰液中培养阳性的99例肺结核病人中,有47例可供做茵型鉴定,发现牛型结核5例,占10．6％,明显高于全国4．2％的水平。说明通辽地区牛结核对人群结核病的影响较为严重。     

皮内变态反应试验检测奶牛结核病的假阳性率初步测定及对策

笔者用牛型提纯结核菌素皮内变态反应试验对5425头奶牛进行结核病监测检测,然后间隔42d对前者检测出的阳性牛或可疑牛再次进行结核病检测,比较前后两次的阳性牛或可疑牛符合率.结果显示,前次应用皮内变态反应试验共检测出结核病阳性牛或可疑牛共计142头;再次检测呈阳性或可疑的142头奶牛中,结果仍为阳性牛121头.结果表明,皮内变态反应试验存在一定的假阳性,假阳性率约为14.8%(21/142),建议用皮内变态反试验监测检测奶牛结核病时,对检测出的阳性牛开展1次复核,以提高结核病检测的准确性和降低养殖业主的经济损失.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …