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Clinical experience with avian laboratory diagnostics 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
R W Woerpel W J Rosskopf 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1984,14(2):249-286
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为控制和扑灭禽流感而努力 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
<正> 禽流感(avian influenza, AI)最早(1878年)报道于意大利,1955年证实其病原为A型流感病毒,以后曾多次引起世界性大流行。在流行停息期间,水禽成为该病毒的携带者。现已在多种禽类中分离到近千株禽流感病毒(AIV),其亚型包括H1—H15和N1—N9,其中以家鸭和野鸭带毒率最高,但 相似文献
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禽流感(AvianInfluenza简写AI)是由A型流感病毒引起的一种禽类感染或疾病的综合征。家禽感染后可呈现亚临床症状,或呼吸系统疾病,产卵下降,下痢或急性致死性疾病。1病原禽流感病毒(AIV)属正粘病毒科。在病毒增殖过程中很易发生基因重排,因而使AI的抗原性和致病性很容易发生变异,现已知AIV有16个HA亚型,10个NA亚型,这些亚型可以组成126个血清型,已发现81种血清型。AIV多数为弱毒,无致病性;少数为中等毒力,有轻度致病力;极少数为强毒,为高致病性(HPAIV)。2流行特点该病常突然发生,在短时间内波及全… 相似文献
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通过禽流感病毒保护性HI抗体滴度、禽流感母源抗体消长规律以及疫苗免疫抗体消长规律的研究,结合疫苗和诊断试剂质量及血清监测中存在的问题制定了禽流感免疫程序。生产中应用表明,本研究制定的免疫程序是切实可行的。 相似文献
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以科学的态度应对禽流感 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
人们对禽流感的研究已有100多年的历史,全世界已经历了12次大流行.自上世纪90年代后期,禽流感在欧亚大陆的爆发日趋频繁.这种病毒的肆虐不但给许多国家的家禽养殖业带来了沉重打击,同时也向全人类的健康提出了新的严峻挑战.联合国称,目前禽流感尚未完全被扑灭,并敦促亚洲各国采取进一步的措施.为消除感染隐患,还需要进一步进行流行病学的调查.因为禽流感的爆发,全世界约有1亿只左右的鸡等禽类被扑杀或染病死亡.亚洲地区超过8000万只鸡已遭销毁,以防止致命的H5N1禽流感病毒.数量最多的是泰国和越南,各有3600万只左右,其次为印度尼西亚约1500万只,中国约500万只,巴基斯坦约400万只.目前,我国的禽流感疫情有望从高发的态势转入逐步控制的态势.随着疫苗的产生,人们防治经验的增加,包括H5N1在内的A型流感都是可防可控的.市民心态平稳不再谈禽色变,近日鸡蛋销售逐渐走出禽流感带来的"寒流",开始回暖. 相似文献
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Evolution of avian influenza viruses 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
Suarez DL 《Veterinary microbiology》2000,74(1-2):15-27
Although influenza viruses can infect a wide variety of birds and mammals, the natural host of the virus is wild waterfowl, shorebirds, and gulls. When other species of animals, including chickens, turkeys, swine, horses, and humans, are infected with influenza viruses, they are considered aberrant hosts. The distinction between the normal and aberrant host is important when describing virus evolution in the different host groups. The evolutionary rate of influenza virus in the natural host reservoirs is believed to be slow, while in mammals the rate is much higher. The higher rate of evolution in mammals is thought to be a result of selective pressure on the virus to adapt to an aberrant host species. Chickens and turkey influenza virus isolates have previously and incorrectly been lumped together with wild waterfowl, gull, and shorebird influenza viruses when determining rates of evolutionary change. To determine mutational and evolutionary rates of a virus in any host species, two primary assumptions must be met: first, all isolates included in the analysis must have descended from a single introduction of the virus, and second, the outbreak must continue long enough to determine a trend. For poultry, three recent outbreaks of avian influenza meet these criteria, and the sequences of the hemagglutinin and nonstructural genes were compared. Sequences from all three outbreaks were compared to an avian influenza virus consensus sequence, which at the amino acid level is highly conserved for all the internal viral proteins. The consensus sequence also provides a common point of origin to compare all influenza viruses. The evolutionary rates determined for all three outbreaks were similar to what is observed in mammals, providing strong evidence of adaptation of influenza to the new host species, chickens and turkeys. 相似文献
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Cats contract avian influenza virus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Burns K 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,228(8):1165-1166
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禽流感的诊断及防制(上) 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
禽流感(俗称真性鸡瘟或欧洲鸡瘟)是由A型流感病毒(AIV)引起的一种禽类的感染和/或疾病综合征,该病毒隶属正粘病毒科流感病毒属。鸡、火鸡、鸭和鹌鹑等家禽及野鸟、水禽、海鸟等均可感染,而对家养的鸡和火鸡引起的危害最为严重。1878年Perroncito首次报道了意大利鸡群爆发了当时称为“鸡瘟”的疾病,到1955年被证实“鸡瘟”病毒实际上就是A型禽流感病毒。根据核蛋白(NP)和基质蛋白(MS)抗原性的不同,将流感病毒分为A、B、C三个血清型(也称甲、乙、丙型);根据病毒血凝素(Hemagglutinin… 相似文献