女贞子对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

试验选择64头28±2日龄断奶约克夏仔猪,公母各半,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组4个重复,每重复4头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.5％、1％和1.5％女贞子.研究在日粮中添加女贞子对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响.结果表明,添加1％、1.5％女贞子可显著提高仔猪的平均日增重(P＜0.05)...     

稀土对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

在断奶仔猪,育成猪,肥育中猪的基础饲中添加０．１％稀土饲料添加剂,断奶仔猪平均日增重比对照提高２２．９０％,育成猪提高１８．０７％－２０．２７％,肥育中猪提高１３．０３％。各试验组饲料效率和经济效益均优于各对照组,生产性能明显改善。     

乳糖80和高蛋白乳清粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选用36头35日龄断奶,体重约10 kg的杜×长×大仔猪,按照随机完全区组设计,评定乳糖80对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。结果表明:断奶仔猪日粮添加乳糖80可达到与添加高蛋白乳清粉相似的生产水平(平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比);与添加乳清粉相比,日粮添加乳糖80可降低日粮成本,而不影响断奶仔猪生产性能。     

乳糖80(R)和高蛋白乳清粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选用36头35日龄断奶,体重约10kg的杜×长×大仔猪,按照随机完全区组设计,评定乳糖80(R)对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响.结果表明:断奶仔猪日粮添加乳糖80(R)可达到与添加高蛋白乳清粉相似的生产水平(平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比);与添加乳清粉相比,日粮添加乳糖80(R)可降低日粮成本,而不影响断奶仔猪生产性能.     

肠膜蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选用30日龄断奶仔猪80头,分为4组,以研究不同添加比例的肠膜蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验结果表明,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加肠膜蛋白粉3%～6%效果较好,平均日采食量、平均日增重显著提高(P<0.01)。在一定程度上证明了肠膜蛋白粉是断奶仔猪的一种优良蛋白质饲料。     

五味子、柠檬酸对断奶仔猪生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响

试验选择28日龄断奶二元杂交(长白×大约克)仔猪48头,平均断奶体重7.4±0.6 kg,平均分为4组,每组3次重复,每重复4头(公母各半),试验组分别添加1%CA、0.5%SC、1%CA+0.5%SC,对照组为玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,旨在研究日粮中添加五味子(SC)、柠檬酸(CA)对断奶仔猪生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加CA可提高饲料利用效率(P0.05),但对日增重和平均日采食量无显著影响(P0.05)。添加SC或CA+SC除降低腹泻率外对断奶仔猪生产性能无影响(P0.05)。添加五味子可显著提高断奶仔猪肝脏或脾脏SOD活性,提高血清GR活性,降低心脏或肝脏MDA含量(P0.05)。且日粮中添加五味子可提高断奶仔猪机体抗氧化功能,添加柠檬酸或五味子可改善断奶仔猪部分生长性能。     

乳糖80®和高蛋白乳清粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选用36头35日龄断奶,体重约10kg的杜×长×大仔猪,按照随机完全区组设计,评定乳糖80(R)对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响.结果表明断奶仔猪日粮添加乳糖80(R)可达到与添加高蛋白乳清粉相似的生产水平(平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比);与添加乳清粉相比,日粮添加乳糖80(R)可降低日粮成本,而不影响断奶仔猪生产性能.     

蛋氨酸内络合锌对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

本试验研究了日粮添加蛋氨酸内络合锌对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。结果发现,通过添加蛋氨酸内络合锌补充８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ锌,可显提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重和日采食量,并使血清锌含量和碱性磷酸酶活性升高,提示蛋氨酸内络合锌的促生长作用是通过提高日粮锌的利用率实现的。     

生产性能的影响

 试验将60头28日龄断奶的健康、体重相近（7.63μ0.52kg）的长大二元杂交商品仔猪按体重、性别,随机分为5组,即对照组和4个试验组,对照组即原用进口鱼粉配方组,第1、2、3、4试验组为分别用山东济宁圣齐生物生物工程生产的活性酵母蛋白粉替代25%、50%、75%和100%的进口鱼粉组,共试验4w。研究添加不同水平酵母蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。结果表明：断奶仔猪日粮中添加酵母蛋白替代进口鱼粉后均没有显著改变原添加进口鱼粉仔猪断奶后0~4w的平均日采食量和平均日增重,饲喂效果较好。综合各项试验指标,酵母蛋白粉以50%~75%的比例替代进口鱼粉,添加到断奶仔猪日粮中对仔猪生产性能有明显的促进作用,且饲料成本下降。     

酵母蛋白替代进口鱼粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验将60头28日龄断奶的健康、体重相近(7.63pμ0.52kg)的长大二元杂交商品仔猪按体重、性别,随机分为5组,即对照组和4个试验组,对照组即原用进口鱼粉配方组,第1、2、3、4试验组为分别用山东济宁圣齐生物生物工程生产的活性酵母蛋白粉替代25%、50%、75%和100%的进口鱼粉组,共试验4w.研究添加不同水平酵母蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响.结果表明:断奶仔猪日粮中添加酵母蛋白替代进口鱼粉后均没有显著改变原添加进口鱼粉仔猪断奶后0～4w的平均日采食量和平均日增重,饲喂效果较好.综合各项试验指标,酵母蛋白粉以50%～75%的比例替代进口鱼粉,添加到断奶仔猪日粮中对仔猪生产性能有明显的促进作用,且饲料成本下降.     

GXC对断奶仔猪血清IGF-I水平和肝脏IGF-I mRNA表达的影响

    选择36头"杜长大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,按饲养试验要求分为2组,分别饲喂不含和含有0.15%β-葡聚糖、木聚糖复合酶(GXC)的大麦型饲粮,进行为期28 d的饲养试验,研究大麦型饲粮中添加β-葡聚糖、木聚糖复合酶对其血清IGF-I水平和肝脏IGF-I mRNA表达的影响.结果表明,添加复合酶组日增重提高13.99%(P＜0.05),料重比降低6.32%(P＜0.05),日采食量虽有升高趋势,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);添加β-葡聚糖、木聚糖复合酶显著增加断奶仔猪血清IGF-I水平和肝脏IGF-I mRNA丰度,比对照组分别提高43.91% (P＜0.01)和33.43% (P＜0.01).结果提示,添加β-葡聚糖、木聚糖复合酶不仅能够改善断奶仔猪对大麦型饲粮的利用效率,而且还影响血清IGF-I水平和肝脏IGF-I mRNA表达,从而提高仔猪对饲料的转化效率,促进其生长.     

女贞子对断奶仔猪生产性能及抗氧化功能的影响

选择健康的28日龄断奶的杜长大三元杂交猪48头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复4头猪,分别为对照组(基础日粮)、抗生素组(基础日粮+20 mg.kg-1硫酸粘杆菌素)、益生菌组(基础日粮+0.2%益生菌)及女贞子组(基础日粮+1%女贞子),试验从仔猪28日龄开始到56日龄结束,试验期为28 d。旨在研究日粮中添加女贞子对断奶仔猪生产性能及抗氧化功能的影响。结果表明,女贞子组、抗生素组的平均日增重及平均日采食量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。女贞子组血清、肝脏中SOD、GSH-PX活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清、心脏、肝脏中MDA含量均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。说明女贞子对仔猪断奶期的生产性能及抗氧化功能有积极作用,且对抗氧化功能的影响优于抗生素。     

Effects of Supplemental Histamine on Gastric Acid Secretion, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Intestinal Microfloral of Early Weaned Piglets

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of supplemental histamine in the diet ofearly-weaned piglets. In experiment A, 24 cross bred piglets with an average body weight of 6.10±0.40 kg,weaned at the age of 28 days, were divided into four groups, fed with basal diet of low dietary copper without(control) or with supplemental histamine at 60, 120, 180 μg kg-1 BW. During the two weeks and the thirdweek after weaning, ADG(average daily gain) of piglets were increased by 15.8% (P＜0.05), 9.5% (P＜0.10) by addition of 60 μg kg-1BW histamine, but decreased by addition of 180 μg kg-1BW histamine, whichalso increased the amount of E. coli in colon and the scour incidence. The secretion of gastric acid and pepsinwere improved by both dose of supplemental histamine (60, 180 pg kg-1BW) and gastric digesta pH were de-creased by both. Addition of 60 μg kg-1 BW histamine improved the activities of trypsin, amylase in duodelumdigesta. In experiment B, 12 cross bred piglets with an average body weight of 6.85±0.35 kg, weaned at theage of 28 days, were divided into two groups, fed with basal diet of high dietary copper without (control) orwith supplemental 60 μg kg-1 BW histamine. During the two weeks and the third week after weaning, ADG ofpiglets were increased by 9.8% (P＜0.05), 7.0% (P＜0.10). The secretion of gastric acid, activities oftrypsin and amylase in duodelum digesta, were also improved by addition of 60 μg kg-1 BW histamine. The re-sults showed that addition of histamine (60 μg kg-1 BW) in early weaned piglets could increase the secretion ofgastric acid and pepsin, reduce gastric digesta pH and scour incidence, improve activities of trypsin, amylasein duodelum digesta, and the growing performance of early weaned piglets.     

Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Abilities of Antioxidative and γ-glutamyl Transpeptidase Activities in Liver and Intestine of Piglets Fed Diets Containing Raw Soybean

Eighteen male piglets weaned at 28 days age were randomly assigned to one of three treatments(1% glutamate, 1% and 2 % glutamine supplementation). The basal diet contained 5 % raw soybean. The di-ets were calculated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. The level of plasma glutahione (GSH) increasedmarkedly in piglets fed glutamine, and the response was related to dose. In treatments Ⅰ and Ⅱ, the levels ofplasma GSH were significantly higher than that in the control at the 35 days age (P＜0.05). The level of plas-ma GSH in treatment Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in the control at 42 days age (P＜0.05). At 49days age, there was no significantly difference of the level of GSH in plasma, liver, spleen, intestine and mes-enteric lymph node. The level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver and spleen was higher than that of thecontrol, however, the difference wasn't significant. Dietary glutamine supplementation decreased γ-glutamyltranspeptidase(γ-GT) activities in liver. The activities of γ-GT of liver protein in treatment Ⅱ were signifi-cantly lower than that in the control (P＜0. 05). The activities of γ-GT of duodenum in treatments Ⅰ and Ⅱwere also significantly lower than that in the control (P＜0.05). But there were no significant differences ofthe activities of γ-GT in jejunum and ileum. The results showed that dietary glutamine supplementation in-creased the level of plasma GSH, and decreased γ-GT activities.     

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten on Growth Performance,Cell Immunity and Serum Biochemical Indices of Weaned Piglets （Sus scrofa）

To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed wheat gluten (HWG) on growth performance, cell immunity and serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets, 160 crossed (Large White×Landrace) and weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 piglets each. The piglets in each treatment were fed an experimental diet containing either 0 g kg-1 HWG (control group), 30 g kg-1 HWG (3% HWG group), 50 g kg-1 HWG (5% HWG group), or 2.5 g kg-1 glycyl-L-glutamine (0.25% Gly-Gln group). The results showed that the diarrhea rates in 3% HWG and 5% HWG groups were significantly lower than in control group from d 1 to 14 (P＜0.05), while the average daily gain (ADG) in each of two groups was increased (P＞0.05). When compared with control group, dietary supplementation with 3% HWG increased the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ and the ratio of serum albumin and globulin concentrations (A:G) on d 14 and 28, as well as the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes (P＞0.05) on d 28. In addition, on d 14 and 28, the A:G ratio in 5% HWG group was significantly higher than in control group (P＜0.05), while the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ increased slightly (P＞0.05). Interestingly, 0.25% Gly-Gln group had higher proportion of CD3+ (P＞0.05) and CD4+ (P＜0.05) on d 14 than control group, but growth performances of 0.25% Gly-Gln group were negatively affected at all experiment stages. These results suggested that HWG might improve the growth performance of piglets by strengthening cell immunity and decreasing the occurrence of diarrhea during the prophase after weaning.     

降铜对植酸酶在断奶仔猪饲粮中应用的影响

【目的】为加快仔猪生长和提高饲粮消化率,仔猪饲粮中常常同时添加高剂量铜和植酸酶,但高铜对植酸酶的作用究竟有何影响却仍鲜见报道。研究高铜饲粮中添加植酸酶对仔猪营养物质消化率、生产性能、粪铜和粪磷排放的影响,以及降低铜的添加量对植酸酶作用的影响。【方法】试验选取180头体重9-10 kg长×大二元杂交仔猪,随机分成3组,每组5栏,每栏12头猪,分别饲喂3种试验饲粮中的一种。试验饲粮为玉米-豆粕型饲粮,其营养水平达到或超过NRC(1998)相应阶段猪营养需要量。组1为对照组,饲粮铜添加量为180 mg·kg^-1（硫酸铜）,不添加植酸酶;组2和组3为植酸酶试验组,添加500 IU·kg^-1植酸酶,组2和3饲粮铜添加量分别为 180和120 mg·kg^-1（硫酸铜）。试验预试期3 d,正试期3 w,试验期间仔猪自由采食和饮水,记录采食量,观察腹泻情况,计算试验期间平均日采食量、日增重、料重比和腹泻频率。试验结束前连续3 d以栏为重复单位采集部分新鲜粪样,每100 g新鲜粪样加10 mL的10%乙醇,-20℃保存待测。以酸不溶灰分为参照内标,测定计算营养物质消化率和矿物质表观消化率。【结果】（1）高铜仔猪饲粮中添加植酸酶可使磷表观消化率提高21.12%（组2与组1相比,P＜0.01）,粪磷含量降低4.41%（P=0.09）,腹泻频率降低19.22%（P=0.35）,添加植酸酶对干物质和蛋白表观消化率,采食量、日增重和料重比均无显著影响。（2）两个植酸酶试验组相比,当铜添加量由180 mg·kg^-1降低到120 mg·kg^-1时,钙、磷表观消化率分别提高13.74%和9.79%（组3与组2相比,P=0.02和P=0.01）,粪磷含量降低18.86%（P＜0.01）,腹泻频率降低25.24%（P=0.25）,降铜对干物质和粗蛋白表观消化率、采食量、日增重和料重比均无显著影响。（3）与高铜无植酸酶组相比,减少铜添加量并且添加植酸酶,可使饲粮的干物质、粗蛋白、钙和磷表观消化率分别提高1.80%、2.84%、17.20%和32.98%（组3与组1相比,P=0.02,P=0.04,P＜0.01和P＜0.01）,腹泻频率降低39.6%（P=0.04）。【结论】现有试验表明,在添加植酸酶的玉米-豆粕型饲粮中,将铜（硫酸铜形式）添加量从180 mg·kg^-1 减少到120 mg·kg^-1可以显著减少铜对植酸酶的干扰,提高饲粮钙、磷表观消化率,降低粪铜和粪磷含量。     

Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Intestinal Mucosal Protein,DNA and Mucosal Morphology of Early-Weaned Piglets

Forty piglets weaned at 21 days age were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The treatmentgroup contained 1.2 % glutamine. The diets were calculated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, each treat-ment contained five replicates of four piglets. Five piglets from each dietary treatment were killed at 35 daysand 49 days age. The results showed that dietary glutamine supplementation increased jejunal DNA content ofpiglets in the treatment group at 35 days and 49 days age. There was no significant change of ileum DNA con-tent and intestinal protein content between the treatment and control ones. Dietary glutamine supplementationincreased mucosal thickness of piglets in treatment group markedly at 35 days age. The intestinal villus heightswere significantly higher in treatment than that in control. The results of electron micrograph showed that di-etary glutamine supplementation prevented deterioration of intestinal epithelium, and maintained normal in-testinal microvillus structure. The results suggested that glutamine supplementation prevented villus atrophy,and had protective effect on intestinal structure.     

屎肠球菌T013复合制剂在断奶仔猪生产中的应用研究

[目的]为屎肠球菌T013复合制剂在猪生产中的应用奠定基础。[方法]将90头杜×长×大杂交断奶仔猪随机分为3组:对照组(不添加)、试验Ⅰ组(添加3%屎肠球菌T013复合制剂)、试验Ⅱ组(添加6%屎肠球菌T013复合制剂)。研究不同添加量的屎肠球菌T013复合制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能、表观消化率、粪便微生物、血清指标的影响。[结果]添加3%和6%屎肠球菌T013复合制剂均能提高断奶仔猪的日采食量,降低料重比,但差异均不显著(P0.05)。添加6%屎肠球菌T013复合制剂能显著提高仔猪日增重、减少腹泻率(P0.05)。添加6%屎肠球菌T013复合制剂后断奶仔猪粗蛋白质和钙的表观消化率显著提高(P0.05),2个试验组粗脂肪、粗纤维等饲料养分的表观消化率均有所提高,但差异均不显著(P0.05)。与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组仔猪粪样的pH极显著降低,大肠杆菌数量极显著减少和乳酸菌的数量极显著增加(P0.01)。试验Ⅱ组仔猪血清尿素氮的含量极显著低于对照组(P0.01),谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶显著高于对照组(P0.05),添加屎肠球菌T013复合制剂对仔猪血清IgG、总蛋白、白蛋白和葡萄糖的含量无显著影响(P0.05)。[结论]屎肠球菌T013复合制剂能改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,提高粗蛋白质的表观消化率,调节肠道微生态环境,促进断奶仔猪健康生长。