导向管喷动床中煤和稻秸粒混料的流动特性试验

将导向管喷动床改进为煤粒和稻秸粒混料气化设备,通过导向管喷动床内进行的稻秸粒与煤粒混合物料冷态流动特性试验,给出喷动的流体力学条件。研究了床层压降随表观风速的变化规律,稻秸粒和煤粒混合比例、喷口直径和导向管喷口间距3因素对床层压降与表观风速关系曲线的影响以及对物料循环速率与风量关系曲线的影响。进行了3因素12拟水平的均匀设计试验,采用SPSS软件进行回归分析,分别得到了物料循环速率、单位床高压降及单位有效功率的物料循环速率3个因变量各自与稻秸粒和煤粒混合比例、导向管喷口间距及喷口直径3个自变量之间关系的多元回归方程,用于预测稻秸煤粒混料在导向管喷动床中喷动时的流体力学参数。     

旋转导向管喷动床干燥油菜籽的工艺优化

为研究旋转导向管喷动床的干燥性能,采用油菜籽为原料,进行干燥试验.选取风量、装料量、风温和导喷距等因素,范围分别为51～88 m3/h(101.3 kPa,0℃)、10～30 kg、80～110℃和40～80 mm,以水分耗热率为指标进行试验.根据单因素试验的结果,固定导喷距,按L9(34)正交试验方案进行优化试验.试验结果表明,优化工艺参数为标态风量58 m3/h、风温80℃、装料量20 kg.优化工艺下的水分耗热率为3 941.4 kJ/kg,只有风量对水分耗热率有显著影响.用SPSS软件处理正交试验数据,得到了水分耗热率与风温、风量及加料量关系的回归方程.     

基于CFD的秸秆颗粒流化特性模拟

在秸秆流化床锅炉中,秸秆颗粒的流化特性对燃烧效率、床料聚团及积灰等有重要的影响。采用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对秸秆颗粒在流化床内的流动情况进行数值模拟,并分析颗粒直径对最小流化速度、颗粒速度场和平均体积分数的影响。结果表明,颗粒最小流化速度与颗粒直径呈现近似线性的关系;达到流化状态后,流化床的床层压降不会随颗粒直径的改变而改变;随着颗粒直径的增加,床层高度减小,床内固相的体积分数增加,气泡直径增大,气泡破裂时引起的床层表面波动增大。分析结果能够为秸秆流化床锅炉的优化设计和运行提供指导。      

无泄漏立式自吸泵结构特点与设计改进

针对立式自吸泵现存问题,在新型无泄漏（TLZ型）立式自吸泵结构上进行改进设计,采用叶轮、导叶组合结构以及在气水分离室内设置筋板,加快气液分离以缩短自吸时间,进口采用特殊结构而不必安装止回阀或真空破坏阀以防止虹吸作用;采用旋转动密封和骨架油封相结合的密封形式,解决了填料密封泄漏和机械密封需要维修等难题,对改进前后的结构进行对比试验,给出详细的分析计算和改进措施,发现导叶与叶轮间隙和旋转动密封结构对自吸性能都有影响,同时需对轴向力进行合理平衡,此研究为合理设计高效立式自吸泵提供参考．     

新型脉动流化干燥机设计与试验

研制了一种新型脉动流化干燥机，解决了气流旋转阀分配器的设计、脉动气流在干燥机床面上的分布和流动方向、瞬时脉动气流速度的周期变化与床层物料状态的配合、物料在床面上的运动和连续输送等问题。与气流干燥机和振动流化床干燥机相比，该种干燥机不仅具有结构简单、重量轻、整机无振动件、床层压降小、干燥均匀等优点，而且节能优势明显。     

喷动床技术研究进展

阐述了国内外近年来喷动床技术研究的进展,分别对喷动床床体结构改进、数学模型及应用等方面的研究现状进行了总结。简述了目前研究中存在的主要困难与问题,提出了喷动床研究未来发展的思路。     

基于旋壳圆筒效应的旋喷泵内部压力计算模型

旋喷泵内部压力提升是叶轮与旋壳共同作用的结果,一直以来泵腔内部压力根据叶轮出口压力确定,忽略了旋壳的圆筒效应,导致泵腔压力计算不够准确。为解决这一问题,基于旋壳圆筒效应建立旋喷泵内部压力数学模型,引入液体旋转系数,应用试验与数值计算相结合的方法对液体旋转系数进行了分析验证,并对液体旋转系数的影响因素进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:可以建立旋喷泵内部压力数学模型,通过理论计算内部压力分布,旋喷泵内部压力计算需考虑旋壳效应;试验泵液体旋转系数为0.75,在该系数下泵腔内部压力理论值与试验值吻合度较高;以一复式叶轮旋喷泵为实例,验证了该旋喷泵内部压力数学模型的可靠性。液体旋转系数影响因素敏感性分析表明:壁面粗糙度、转速、流量对液体旋转系数影响较小,试验范围内液体旋转系数介于0.736～0.764之间,波动较小,不超过3%,可以认为是定值。本研究结果可为旋喷泵内部压力理论计算及集流管安装高度选取提供参考。     

导叶安装位置对混流泵压力脉动特性的影响

为研究混流泵导叶最优的周向安装位置,采用ANSYS CFX 14.5进行定常和非定常计算,分析了8个不同导叶安装位置(C0-C7)对水力性能、压力脉动频域特性、压力脉动强度的影响.经过网格无关性检查后,原始导叶安装位置C0的数值计算结果与外特性试验具有很高的一致性,验证了数值模拟的可靠性.研究结果表明:导叶安装位置对该混流泵扬程的影响较小,各个安装位置的扬程均满足设计要求,而对水力效率的影响较大,C2水力效率最高,C7最低,其差值达到2.6%;导叶安装位置对监测点的主要激励频率没有影响,均为3倍叶频,但对主频的幅值有较大影响,C7主频的幅值最大,而C0和C2的幅值比较接近;压水室中的压力脉动强度随着导叶位置的改变而变化,极大值出现在导叶的工作面附近,C7的压力脉动强度最大,C0次之,C2最小.综合考虑该混流泵的水力性能和压力脉动特性,导叶安装位置为C2时,整体性能最优,可为该混流泵的导叶安装提供参考.     

导叶安装角度对离心泵叶轮结构特性的影响

为提高带导叶蜗壳式离心泵的运行稳定性,研究了不同导叶安装角度对离心泵性能及叶轮结构力学响应的影响.以某带导叶蜗壳泵为研究对象,首先对其进行流场数值模拟,再通过静态和瞬态结构分析模块将水压力载荷导入叶轮结构,以实现单向流固耦合分析,研究不同导叶安装角度下叶轮变形与等效应力变化规律,最后通过模态分析研究叶轮结构的振动特性.结果表明：随着导叶安装角度减小,泵的高效区向小流量工况偏移,并且最高效率逐渐增大,最大提高2.1%;单向流固耦合分析得到的稳态结果与瞬态结果规律一致,其中叶轮最大变形量和最大等效应力值都随流量的增大而减小,在设计工况附近,都随导叶安装角度的减小而减小,最大差值为3.3%,且最大等效应力值变化的幅值较小;预应力对叶轮干模态固有频率的影响可忽略不计,与干模态对比,湿模态下的固有频率有较显著下降.     

果园喷雾机施药管路压降特性仿真与分析

为探究仿树形喷杆喷雾机施药管内部液流运动情况，利用SolidWorks软件设计了喷头模型，并通过压力-流量关系验证了喷头模型的准确性；绘制施药管路模型并对不同结构的竖直施药管仿真，分析了喷杆放置倾角、喷口数量、喷杆长度和喷口位置等对管路内部压力的影响效果。仿真试验数据表明：在单喷管上喷口数量较少、喷杆趋近水平放置、喷口均布于喷杆末端时，施药管内部压降小，压力稳定。利用三因素三水平的BBD试验对施药管转角处压降进行分析表明：施药管内径对转角压降的影响呈极显著相关(P<0.01),转角角度、转角半径对转角压降呈显著相关(0.01相似文献   

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。