基于各向异性分形理论的结合面切向刚度改进模型

基于各向异性分形几何理论,建立了一种结合面切向接触刚度改进模型.通过对所建模型的数字仿真,直观地揭示了结合面切向接触刚度与结合面法向载荷、切向载荷、结合面分形维数D、结合面分形粗糙度G、相关因子K、材料特性(o)之间复杂的非线性关系.数字仿真结果表明:结合面切向接触刚度随着法向载荷、相关因子或材料特性的增加而增加,但随着切向载荷、分形粗糙度的增加而减小;当分形维数较小时,结合面切向接触刚度随着分形维数的增加而增加;当分形维数较大时,结合面切向接触刚度随着分形维数的增加而减小.     

结合面切向接触刚度分形模型建立与仿真

基于接触分形理论和微接触面积分布函数,建立了计及微接触面积分布的域扩展因子影响的结合面切向接触刚度分形模型,并通过数字仿真直观揭示了结合面切向接触刚度与结合面诸参数之间的非线性关系以及这些相关参数对切向接触刚度的影响规律.仿真研究结果表明,结合面切向接触刚度随着结合面法向载荷的增大而增大,随结合面切向载荷的增大而减小,随结合面分形特征长度尺度参数的增大而减小,但随结合面分形维数的变化规律比较复杂.     

固定结合面刚度分形模型

基于粗糙表面统计学参数与表面轮廓分形参数之间的关系,给出了结合面等效粗糙表面轮廓分形参数的计算方法;在此基础上,提出了结合面切向接触刚度的修正分形模型;为验证模型的正确有效性,将固定结合面等效为若干个法向和切向接触弹簧单元,其刚度通过相应的接触刚度模型进行计算,进而对文献[9]的结合面实验装置——哑铃模型进行了有限元建模及模态分析,间接证明了接触刚度的正确有效性,并探讨了等效接触弹簧单元的刚度、数量对有限元建模精度的影响.此外,对文献[8]的实验模型进行了有限元建模及谐响应分析,并对实验模型的实测、柔性连接仿真与刚性连接仿真频响曲线进行了对比,进一步证实了在仿真建模过程中考虑结合面接触刚度的必要性.     

基于分形理论的结合面改进接触模型

提出了一种基于分形理论的结合面改进接触模型,并通过对所建模型的仿真,直观地揭示了结合面法向接触刚度与结合面法向载荷、结合面分形维数D、结合面分形特征尺度参数G之间复杂的非线性关系.仿真结果表明,法向接触刚度随着法向载荷增大而增大,随着G的增大而减小,随着D的变化规律比较复杂,同时表明该模型可以用于结合面法向接触载荷和法向接触刚度的分析与计算.     

基于接触分形理论的结合面切向接触刚度分形模型

以球体与平面接触时的切向接触刚度以及粗糙平面接触的分形理论为基础 ,基于 3个假设 ,即粗糙表面的微观形貌各向同性 ,粗糙表面上各微凸体之间的相互作用可以忽略不计 ,各微凸体所受的力与其接触面积的大小成正比 ,从理论上提出了具有尺度独立性的结合面切向接触刚度分形模型 ,并进行了定性的实验验证 ,说明了该模型的正确性。     

基于接触分型理论的结合面切向接触刚度分形模型

以球体与平面接触时的切向接触刚度以及粗糙平面接触的分形理论为基础，基于3个假设，即粗糙表面的微观形貌各向同性，粗糙表面上各微凸体之间的相互作用可以忽略不计，各微凸体所受的力与其接触面积的大小成正比，从理论上提出了具有尺度独立性的结合面切向接触刚度分形模型，并进行了定性的实验验证，说明了该模型的正确性。     

结合面法向接触刚度分形模型建立与仿

基于接触分形理论和微接触大小分布函数,建立了计及微接触大小分布的域扩展因子影响的结合面法向接触刚度的分形模型,并通过对所建模型的数字仿真,直观地揭示了结合面法向接触刚度与结合面诸参数之间的非线性关系,探讨了这些相关参数对法向接触刚度的影响规律.研究仿真结果表明,结合面法向接触刚度随着结合面法向载荷的增大而增大,随结合面分形特征长度尺度参数的增大而减小,但随结合面分形维数的变化规律比较复杂.     

金属材料结合部法切向刚度修正与实验验证

推导了分形维数、分形粗糙度的近似解析解,修正了结合部法向接触刚度相关公式。编写了求解域扩展系数的通用Matlab程序,推导出结合部切向接触刚度的解析解。以XHK5140型自动换刀计算机数控立式镗铣床上的结合部为研究对象,以测试试件的实验结果为基准,按照相似振型相关性、固有频率定量比较的原则,对结合部法向与切向接触刚度的理论解进行了验证。验证表明理论模型的振型与实验的振型都一致,理论与实验固有频率的相对误差在-16.8%～16.8%之间。     

结合面接触刚度分形模型研究

指出了以往有关粗糙表面接触刚度理论研究工作的缺陷与不足,在一定的前提下,基于球体与平面的接触理论和粗糙表面的接触分形理论,同了具有尺度独立性的结合面接触刚度分形模型,并进行了数字仿真研究,仿真结果与实验研究结果相一致。     

两圆柱体结合面法向刚度分形预估模型及其仿真分析

对M-B分形模型进行了修正,分析了微凸体弹性、弹塑性、塑性各阶段的变形性质。从宏观和微观相结合的角度,建立了考虑摩擦因素的两圆柱体结合面法向刚度分形预估模型,该模型具有几何特性和尺度独立性,在一定程度上完善了结合面动力学参数的分形模型。通过仿真分析揭示了实际接触面积、法向载荷和摩擦因数对圆柱体结合面法向刚度的影响。仿真结果表明：两圆柱体结合面法向刚度随着实际接触面积的增大而增大,且在较大分形维数时增大速率较快;随着法向载荷的增大而增大;随着摩擦因数的增大而持续减小,当摩擦因数小于0.3时,法向刚度随摩擦因数的增大呈线性衰减,当摩擦因数大于0.3时,法向刚度随摩擦因数的增大呈指数衰减规律。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。