低温胁迫下草坪草Perennial ryegrass（cv,Taya）和Meadow blugrass（cv,Comp

以草坪多年生黑麦草Ｐｅｒｅｎｎｉａｌ ｒｙｅｇｒａｓｓ和草地早熟禾Ｍｅａｄｏｗ ｂｌｕｅｇｒａｓｓ为材料，通过测定在三种低温胁迫强度和不同的胁迫时间下植物体活性氧清除剂超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化氢酶的活性，脯氨酸含量，类胡萝卜素含量和相对电导度等抗性生理指标的变化，以确定其胁变程度，研究两种草坪草抗低温胁迫的形式，途径和大小及其抗性机理问题。     

屋顶草坪的建植与管理

以屋顶草坪坪床的床土结构和土层工为因素，以草坪品质综合评定得分衡量指标，对屋顶草坪的坪床及最度的优化问题进行了探讨，并获得了可靠而实用的研究结果。     

我国暖地型草坪草育种概况及前景展望

对我国暖地型草坪草种质资源和育种方法研究概况进行了阐述，并对我国今后暖地型草坪草育种趋势进行了分析，展望了今后的研究方向，以推动我国暖地型草坪草育种研究工作的发展，缩小同发达国家在草坪业上的差距。     

遮荫对草坪草的影响

在荫蔽条件下草坪草常常在生理特性、形态特征、解剖结构、营养需求等方面发生一些变化，这不仅影响草坪的表观质量和各项功能指标，还对草坪草的选择、草坪的养护管理提出了特殊的要求。在综合国内外有关文献的基础上，就荫蔽对草坪的影响作了概述，以帮助人们提高荫蔽下草坪的建植技术和管理水平。     

污水灌溉条件下草坪草耗水规律与灌溉制度初步研究

污水灌溉是污水资源化的重要途径。本研究以三种典型的冷季型草坪草草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草、高羊茅为供试草种，以自来水和经过砂过滤和沉淀处理的城市居民小区的生活污水为灌溉水源，采用地下滴灌和渗灌两种灌水方法，通过田间对比试验，探讨了污水灌溉条件下草坪草的耗水规律。结果表明，污水灌溉条件下草坪草耗水量与清水灌溉条件下草坪草耗水量差异不显著；污水灌溉条件下草坪草耗水规律和清水灌溉条件下草坪草耗水规律呈相似的变化趋势。在此基础上，结合北京地区的有关气象资料，初步分析制定了不同降雨年型草坪污水灌溉制度，为北京市城市草坪污水灌溉管理提供参考依据。     

浅析天府广场草坪冬春泛黄之因

成都天府广场草坪选用的是能在成都平原保持四季常绿的冷季型草坪草—“燎原”组合。为探究天府广场草坪这个冬春季节大面积泛黄的原因，笔者接合草坪植物学相关知识综合比较犀浦基地草坪、双桥基地草坪、天府广场草坪后认为：天府广场草坪出现泛黄并非该草坪草组合不能在成都保持四季常绿，而是在当时特定条件下超大播种量造成成坪后草坪植株个体生存竞争激烈，在冬前的养护又没能积极主动及时采取促进植株健壮，积极越冬的养护措施，造成植株个体以羸弱之态被动入冬。弱势根系不能充分保障对植株的充足水分、合理养分和必需空气的供给，同时体内抗冷害机制也没能充分调动，这进一步突现了根的吸收功能的减弱。最终出现了草坪植株的泛黄应激。     

北京地区常见草坪杂草种类的初步调查

在两年时间内，对北京地区各类草坪进行现场调查和鉴定，以确定春，夏季常见草坪杂草的种类及其优势种。调查结果：常见草坪优势杂种有车前，紫花地丁，蒲公英，扁蓄，独行莱等。同时，还对不同管理水平和不同种类的草坪进行了调查，发现管理水平越低，杂草危害严重，不同种类的草坪，杂草的优势种不同。     

草坪草引种观察与筛选

为满足绿化和水土保持对优良草坪草的需求，引进了草坪草种进行田间种植，并对其生物性状和抗逆性能进行观察，以从中筛选出优良的草坪草种。经过２年的观察，初步筛选出优良草坪草种－台湾草坪草；既可饲用、又可固土的优良草种－百喜草；饲用、草坪兼用的优良草种－早熟禾；饲用、草坪、固土多用型的优良草种－苇状羊茅。这几种草坪草种均具有绿化和水土保持作用。     

肯塔基,瓦巴斯草地早熟禾在青岛地区的引种栽培研究

青岛地区自１９８４年引种表塔基草地早熟禾，瓦巴斯草地早熟禾之后，经对其形态学，生物学特征和特性的观察和试验，确认该草不仅具有耐寒，耐瘠薄，抗旱，返青早，枯黄晚，绿期长（３００ｄ以上）的特点，而且色泽鲜艳，单层厚密，繁殖容易，栽培简单，是建造草坪的一种优良草种。在大量栽培试验和推广实践的基础上，总结了肯塔基，瓦巴斯草坪草的播种，移栽技术，并重点介绍了草坪形成后的除草，修剪，施肥，浇水等养护管理措施和     

丹麦草坪研究,生产概况与对我国草坪发展的思考

丹麦是草坪种子出口大国,共在草坪科学研究,生产方面有几点可以借鉴,丹麦草坪草育种除常规育种外,转基因技术已取得了一定进展;在草坪草种质量方面,采取政府严格控制以及工厂统一的清选的做法,草坪种子公司,建立适应不同条件的系列混合草坪草种,回首我国,目前草坪引种急待规范,草坪草种研究生产体系急待加强与完善,草坪科学研究急待提高,希望引起有关方面的高度重视。     

Mental models and meaningful learning

If you understand something, you can use the information you have acquired to solve problems to which that knowledge is relevant. Meaningful learning is learning with understanding. Achieving meaningful learning begins with the building of correct, appropriate mental models, or representations, of the knowledge being acquired. The next step is learning to use the available mental models to solve problems. In many of the biomedical sciences, this means being able to either calculate something, predict the responses of the system, or explain the responses of the system. Since only the learner can do the learning, the only possible role for the teacher is to help the learner to learn. This means creating an active learning environment in which the learner can acquire the needed information, continually test the mental models being built, and correct or refine those models as needed. In an active learning environment, students are given ample opportunities to learn to solve problems. If the goal of the course is the achievement of meaningful learning, it is essential that the students then be assessed to determined whether they have reached that goal.     

Lotka-Volterra数学模型在草地管理中的应用

介绍了Lotka-Volterra数学模型建立、求解方法,详细讨论了该模型在草地生态系统中的应用特点。通过分析认为可以利用Lotka-Volterra模型调控草地生态系统中载畜量与草地牧草产量间的关系,从而准确指导草地畜牧业生产。     

Effects of housing on the incidence of visna/maedi virus infection in sheep flocks

The incidence of seroconversion to visna/maedi virus (VMV) infection and its relationship with management and sheep building structure was investigated in 15 dairy sheep flocks in Spain during 3–7 years. Incidence rates were 0.09 per sheep-year at risk in semi-intensive Latxa flocks and 0.44 per sheep-year at risk in intensive Assaf flocks and was greatest for the one year old Assaf replacement flock. Separate multivariable models developed for replacement and adult flocks indicated that in both cases seroconversion was strongly associated to direct contact exposure to infected sheep and to being born to a seropositive dam. The latter effect was independent of the mode of rearing preweaning and the risk of seroconversion was similar for sheep fed colostrum and milk from a seropositive or a seronegative dam. These results are further evidence of the efficiency of horizontal VMV transmission by close contact between sheep and also suggest a inheritable component of susceptibility and resistance to infection. In contrast, indirect aerogenous contact with seropositive sheep was not associated with seroconversion as evidenced in replacement sheep housed in separate pens in the same building as adult infected sheep for one year. Consequently, VMV may not be efficiently airborne over short distances and this is important for control of infection. Moreover, there was no relationship between seroconversion and shed open areas. The latter could be related to having examined few flocks in which high infection prevalence dominated the transmission process while ventilation, may depend on a variety of unrecorded factors whose relationship to infection needs to be further investigated.     

我国楼房养猪发展现状的浅析及改进措施探讨

当下,楼房养猪已成为业内热点话题。文章主要就我国楼房养猪的发展现状进行了浅析,介绍了楼房养猪的优劣、存在的问题,同时提出改进措施建议,为养殖户利用楼房养猪提供参考。主要结论如下:一、未来,智能化楼房养猪将成为主流养猪模式之一,特别是在土地资源紧缺的地区,养殖场(户)可以根据实际情况利用该模式;二、楼房养猪设计需与养殖工艺流程、工程建设、机械配套相统一,在设计中应以提高生物安全度为关键点,遵循猪的生理学特性,发挥其生长发育潜能,实现综合效益最大化。     

The handling of animal wastes

Most farm problems with animal wastes occur in modern intensive livestock enterprises where manure is handled as a slurry. It is not practical to treat slurry in the same way as domestic sewage: it should be used on land as a source of plant nutrients. On most farms, this can be done only at certain times of the year and so slurry has to be stored. Storage gives rise to problems of mixing, handling, application, pollution, smell and pathogen survival which can often be solved by separating slurry with special machinery into solid and liquid fractions. Where odour is a serious problem, however, some form of limited aeration will usually provide the best solution. For intensive pig units on limited land close to houses, the NIAE has evolved a new system of slurry treatment which can convert all the slurry from a fattening piggery into inoffensive solids. When incorporated into a piggery for 500 pigs being planned by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, the system should also reduce smell substantially both inside and outside the building.     

Veterinarians, advertising and competition--three years on

The views of veterinarians towards the changes that are occurring in professional practice with respect to competition and advertising are examined and compared with the views expressed in a similar study carried out 3 years previously. Data was derived from self completion questionnaires containing 40 Likert scales which were mailed to 300 members of the profession, first in 1985 and then in 1988. The moves made by the New Zealand Veterinary Association since 1985 in relaxing the rules on promotion appear to have largely alleviated any frustrations that were building up amongst the membership at that time. However, the study suggests that the profession will still find the boundaries of acceptable behaviour being tested by entrepreneurial practitioners.     

论完善权力制约和监督机制的作用与途径

胡锦涛总书记在党的十七大报告中指出：“完善制约和监督机制,保证人民赋予的权力始终用来为人民谋利益。确保权力正确行使,必须让权力在阳光下运行。”这充分表明了我们党对整治权力滥用现象、打击和惩治腐败、从严治党的决心,更反映了我们党在加强权力运行上更加注重公开、公平、公正。因此,必须充分认识完善权力制约和监督机制在建设中国特色社会主义中的重要性。     

楼房猪场的前世、今生和未来

文章回顾了我国楼房猪场的发展历程,区分了传统平层猪场堆叠起来的楼房猪场和基于楼房特点优化设计的新式楼房猪场,重点描述了当前楼房猪场的特点及问题。可以看出,新式楼房猪场是养猪先进生产力的代表,具有强大的生命力和发展前景。     

绿色奶源基地建设存在问题及其对策

本文分析了制约我国奶业发展的主要因素，从建设绿色奶源基地的角度，提出了包括良种工程、饲料基地、生态环境和标准化生产等一系列关键措施，并根据他们的相互关系及其影响，试图探索出一条建设绿色奶源建基地的有效途径。     

生物技术专业人才分类培养模式管理及运行机制的研究与实践

生物技术本科专业试行分类培养,既是新形势下高等教育教学改革的必然选择,也是实现因材施教、满足学生个性发展和社会多元化人才需求、达到有效教学的有益尝试。须遵循＂以人为本,按需设计,搭建平台,分类培养,分向发展＂的办学理念,以产学研相结合培养方式,按＂低年级夯实基础,高年级分流培养＂的原则,建立＂基础平台＋方向模块＂的柔性...