生长素对小麦幼胚组织培养的影响

以川农16、川麦42和良麦2号为供试材料,探讨了三种生长素对其幼胚组织培养的影响,并在此基础上筛选出相对较好的受体材料。结果表明,三种生长素在幼胚的诱导率、胚发芽率和胚发根率上存在极显著差异。2,4,5-T和NAA在诱导小麦幼胚培养基,其胚芽、胚根发生严重;而2,4-D在诱导率、胚发芽率和胚发根率这三方面相对优于2,4,5-T和NAA,适用于小麦幼胚的组织培养,且适宜浓度范围在2.0~2.5 mg/L。基因型对小麦幼胚组织培养的诱导率没有影响,对胚发芽率有一定影响,而对胚发根率有较大影响。在三种基因型中,以川农16在诱导率、胚发芽率和胚发根率这三方面表现相对突出,可作为转化受体材料。     

番木瓜胚性愈伤组织的诱导及体胚发生

以番木瓜的幼胚、下胚轴、叶片和子叶作为外植体,研究不同的激素配比、附加物以及培养方式和条件对胚性愈伤组织和体胚的诱导效果.结果表明,幼胚是胚性愈伤组织和体胚发生的好材料.幼胚最佳诱导培养基为:改良MS+10 mg·L-12,4-D+5 mg·L-1NAA+2 mg·L-1KT+0.5 mg·L-1 BA;最适合的增殖培...     

Somatic Embryogenesis in Lily Bulb Scale Cultures

Abstract： Somatic embryogenesis from lily bulb scales has not been studied in details, although tissue culture methods have been applied to the propagation for decades. The effects of different kinds and concentration of auxins for oriental lily somatic embryogenesis were investigated （Lilium hybrida var. Sorbonne）. 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2, 4-D）, thidiazuron （TDZ） and α-naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA） media with benzyladenine（6-BA） and lactalbumin hydrolysate （LH） were used for embryogenic callus in the darkness. The best response on embryogenic callus formation was obtained on MS media supplemented 2, 4-D 2.0 mg·L^-1, 6-BA 0.5 mg·L^-1 and LH 300 mg·L^-1. Transfer embryogenic callus to the media with TDZ, 6-BA, kinetin （KT） supplemented 2, 4-D. The highest number of somatic embryos has been produced on medium with 0.5 mg·L^-1 2, 4-D and 0.3 mg·L^-1 KT. Germinated embryos with shoot axes were changed to MS media with 6-BA 0.5 mg·L^-1. The results suggest that in vitro culture of somatic embryogenesis from lily bulb scales can be used for plant regeneration.     

裸燕麦胚性愈伤组织调控及悬浮细胞系的建立

对裸燕麦成熟胚进行离体培养,结果表明,基因型和不同激素组合对成熟胚愈伤组织诱导具有重要作用;晋燕８号愈伤组织诱导率高达８５．７％;２,４—Ｄ对愈伤组织诱导必不可少。采用循环培养法对愈伤组织进行调控,获得了易分散、颗粒状的胚性愈伤组织,缓减了愈伤组织生活力衰退的速度。将松脆愈伤组织置于液体培养基中进行悬浮培养,得到分散性好、生长快的悬浮细胞系。悬浮系经分化培养,获得了成活率在９５％以上的健壮再生植株。     

香榧幼胚发育与胚性感受态之间的相关性

以突破种鳞第8周至第15周种子的香榧Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’幼胚为外植体,研究了香榧幼胚胚龄、生长素等对香榧胚性愈伤组织以及体细胞胚直接发生的影响,筛选出高胚性感受态的香榧幼胚胚龄,并根据幼胚内源吲哚乙酸（IAA）和脱落酸（ABA）质量分数检测结果,初步确定了高胚性感受态的香榧幼胚生理特点。结果表明:在SH附加0.1 mg·L-1 NAA培养基中培养,第9周幼胚的胚性愈伤组织发生率最高,为48.3%,第10周幼胚的体胚直接发生率最高,为42.7%;而培养于SH基本培养基中的第14周幼胚直接萌发率最高,为65.1%。香榧不同胚龄幼胚内源ABA及IAA质量分数检测结果表明:不同发育时期香榧幼胚的内源IAA及ABA质量分数具显著差异（P < 0.05）。其中香榧第8周幼胚内源IAA的质量分数最高,为53.90 ng·g-1,随着胚龄的逐渐增加,内源IAA质量分数呈下降趋势,第15周内源IAA质量分数最低,为35.60 ng·g-1。内源ABA质量分数随着胚龄的增加呈先缓慢下降,再快速上升,后下降,其中第15周达到最大值,为160.20 ng·g-1。通过对香榧幼胚离体培养及内源激素的测定,发现香榧第8~12周幼胚具有较高的胚性感受态。该研究结果对维持香榧幼胚高胚性感受态,开展香榧胚性愈伤组织及体胚发生培养条件的优化提供了技术指导。     

思茅松成熟胚的胚性愈伤组织诱导与增殖1）

以思茅松（Pinus kesiya var．langbianensis）成熟合子胚为外植体,1／2MSG培养基为基本成分,采用正交试验设计研究2,4－D、6－BA和TRIA 3种植物生长调节剂对其胚性愈伤组织诱导的影响并获得最优诱导培养基,通过改变生长调节剂种类和降低其质量浓度的方式研究胚性愈伤组织增殖效果,筛选适宜的增殖培养基。结果表明：1／2MSG＋2,4－D 5．000 mg· L－1＋6－BA 4．000 mg· L－1＋TRIA 0．005 mg· L－1为最佳诱导培养基;2,4－D对思茅松成熟胚诱导胚性愈伤组织的影响最大,其次是TRIA,6－BA的影响最小;最佳的增殖培养基为P6＋NAA 2．0 mg· L－1＋6－BA 0．6 mg· L－1。     

小麦成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生体系的研究

以小麦的成熟胚为外植体,通过胚性愈伤组织诱导进行植株再生.研究结果表明,在MS+2,4-D(3.0 mg/L)+VB1(1.0 mg/L)的培养基中,成熟胚可较高频率的诱导产生愈伤组织,诱导率为72.3%,但愈伤组织质量较差;在低浓度2,4-D和添加了ABA的继代培养基中,愈伤组织质量明显改善,胚性愈伤组织增加.筛选继代的胚性愈伤组织置于分化培养基MS+6-BA(1.0mg/L)+KT(4.0 mg/L)+NAA(0.3 mg/L)中,分化率达73.18%.该研究建立了一套有效的以成熟胚为外植体的小麦组织培养再生体系.     

小麦成熟胚离体培养研究

以美国小麦品种Overley成熟胚作为外植体进行离体培养,研究外源激素对小麦成熟胚诱导愈伤组织、分化出苗以及试管苗增殖的影响。试验结果表明,在MS培养基中添加2,4-D3mg·L-1愈伤组织诱导频率较高,成愈率为84.0%;在添加有KT2～3mg·L-1的MS分化培养基中愈伤组织分化率较高,可达85%以上;将试管苗转接至添加0.2mg·L-1的NAA和0.5～2.0mg·L-1的6-BA的培养基中,试管苗有一定的分化增殖,但最高分化率仅为33.3%,增殖系数2.05。     

玉米成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及其影响因素研究

以玉米成熟胚为外植体,初步研究了不同基本培养基、不同生长素及其浓度对成熟胚愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明,N6培养基对玉米成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导率略高于MS培养基,而且N6培养基上诱导的愈伤组织质量好于MS培养基;培养基中所添加的生长素种类及浓度对成熟胚愈伤组织诱导有较大影响。在MS和N6培养基中添加2,4-D,诱导玉米成熟胚愈伤组织的效果优于添加NAA;中低浓度的NAA（1．O～3．Omg／L）和中高浓度的2,4-D（2．0～5．0mg／L）有利于玉米成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导。     

香榧体细胞胚发生的初步研究

 以香榧Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’胚为外植体,研究了基本培养基、复合添加物、碳源以及植物生长调节物质对愈合组织形成的影响,筛选出胚性愈合组织诱导和增殖的适宜条件,并初步进行了体细胞胚的诱导与萌发试验。结果表明：Schenk and Hildebrandt （SH）是最佳基本培养基,碳源以蔗糖最好,在SH中添加谷氨酰胺,愈合组织诱导率显著高于其他处理,达50.8%;低浓度的萘乙酸（NAA）或2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）能够促进愈合组织的诱导,NAA的促进作用比2,4-D明显,当NAA的质量浓度为0.1 mg·L^－1时,愈合诱导率显著高于其他处理,达60.1%;SH+0.1 mg·L^－1 NAA+30 g·L^－1蔗糖是愈合组织形成的最佳条件,SH+0.05 mg·L^－1 NAA+30 g·L^－1蔗糖为胚性愈合组织形成和增殖的最适宜培养基;胚性愈合组织在添加有脱落酸（ABA）和聚乙二醇（PEG） 6000的SH培养基上,可形成体胚,以1/2SH作为萌发培养基,体胚在1 200 lx光照下的萌发效果比黑暗条件下好。图3表3参21     

The Comparison in Tissue Culture Ability of Mature Embryo in Different Cultivars of Rice

In order to study the regeneration technology of mature embryos in different rice varieties,nine japonica,nine indica and eleven hybrid rice varieties of two line or three line or superiority combinations were selected as explants to study the callus induction,differentiation and regeneration rates on different media.The higher callus induction （61.7-89.2%） was observed in japonica rice,when cytokinin was added at lower concentration （0.3 mg L-1 6-BA） in M8 basal medium,supplemented with 30 g L-1 sucrose,8 g L-1 agar and 2 mg L-1 2,4-D.Further,the addition of two cytokinins （2 mg L-1 6-BA,0.5 mg L-1 KT） and 1 mg L-1 NAA in the M8 basal supplemented medium resulted in 9.1-100% of the callus induction in indica rice.The percent callus induction in hybrid rice varieties was 40-86.3% when addition of 1 mg L-1 6-BA and 1 mg L-1 KT was added,and the cytokinins was required by the japonica and indica rice varieties in the M8 basal supplemented medium.It was observed that when the 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D and 1 mg L-1 6-BA were added in japonica rice,and 0.2 mg L-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L-1 6-BA were added in indica and hybrid rice in the MS different media,the regeneration rates were 9.2-59.5%,3.6-87.5% and 17.2-43.2% for japonica,indica and hybrid rice,respectively.Thus,the regeneration technology with higher output is established in the mature embryos of similar rice varieties.     

Production of Embryogenic Callus and Plant Regeneration from Elite Guizhou Waxy Maize Inbred Lines

Immature embryos from three elite Guizhou waxy maize inbred lines (W21019, B7, and QCL5036) were evaluated for theirability of forming callus and regeneration into plants. Immature embryos harvested at different physiological stages were used as explants to initiate callus on N6 basal medium with 0-3.5 mg L-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D). The concentration of 2,4-D, physiological age of immature embryos and genotype had a significant effect (P＜0.05) on the percentage of embryogenic callus formed. The optimum 2,4-D concentration for the initiation of embryogenic callus was varied among the waxy maize genotypes from 2.0 mg L-1 (B7 and QCL5036) to 3.0 mg L-1 (W21019). The shoots were generated from embryogenic callus which were transferred into the regeneration medium supplemented with 0-2.5 mg L-1of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA). 6-BA in the medium significantly promoted the regeneration of embryogenic callus.Embryogenic size was also an important factor that affected regeneration capacity. 0.6-0.7 cm was proved to be the best size for regeneration from embryogenic callus and the mean number of shoots per primary callus in all genotypes achieved the highest number. The ability of the plant regeneration was also affected by genotype. W21019 had the highest number of shoots formed per primary embryogenie callus. With the optimum condition, the highest mean number of shoots per primary callus was up to 12.13, 5.73, and 3.33 in line W21019, B7, and QCL5036, respectively. The successful regeneration of the two inbred lines provides a basis for development of genetic transformation to improve priority traits such as enhanced insects and drought tolerance.     

湿地松器官性愈伤组织诱导与增殖

以湿地松成熟合子胚、胚苗顶芽、下胚轴、胚根为外植体,选用DCR,LP,TX3种培养基,与不同浓度NAA,2,4-D及6-BA组合,研究其器官性愈伤组织诱导、增殖培养的最适条件．结果表明：成熟合子胚、胚苗顶芽是诱导器官性愈伤组织理想的外植体,最佳诱导培养基为TX＋BA0．5mg／L＋NAA2．0mg／L＋30g／L蔗糖,诱导率达50％以上;最佳增殖培养基为TX＋BA0．3mg／L＋NAA 1．0mg／L＋CH 400mg／L＋30g／L蔗糖,继代周期25-30d,增殖率达3．46．     

In Vitro Selection and Identification of Drought-Tolerant Mutants in Sweetpotato

In vitro selection of drought-tolerant mutants in sweetpotato cv. Lizixiang was studied by using PEG6000 as selection stress. Embryogenic suspension cultures were cultured in MS medium containing 0-35% PEG6000 and 2 mg L-1 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D). The results indicated that 30%PEG6000 can be used for the optimal selection stress of drought-tolerance. Embryogenic suspension cultures irradiated with 80 Gy gamma-ray were cultured in MS medium containing 30 % PEG6000 and 2 mg L-1 2,4-D and 20 drought-tolerant cell aggregates were obtained. These cell aggregates were transferred to solid MS medium supplemented with 2 mg L-1 2,4-D and formed embryogenic callus with somatic embryos. The embryogenic callus with somatic embryos was further transferred to MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L-1 abscisic acid (ABA), resulting in the germination of somatic embryos. In this study a total of 18 regenerated plants were obtained. The regenerated plants were transplanted in a greenhouse and 11 lines were formed. The analysis on drought treatment of seedlings, water retaining capacity of leaves and coefficient of drought-tolerance showed that 3 lines had significant drought-tolerance in comparison with the control plants.     

杉木体细胞胚胎发生胚性愈伤组织诱导条件的优化

目的优化杉木体细胞胚胎发生过程中胚性愈伤组织的诱导条件,探究基本培养基、供体母株基因型和外源添加剂对杉木体胚诱导的影响。方法以3个供体母株基因型（Z1、Z2、Z3）的杉木雌配子体（其未成熟合子胚处于裂生多胚期）为外植体,采用6种基本培养基及不同浓度的外源添加剂塞苯隆（TDZ）和茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）处理,并对诱导培养过程中的愈伤组织进行细胞学观察。结果以DCR为基本培养基,诱导培养效果最好,愈伤组织诱导率达70.74%,胚性愈伤组织的诱导率达17.36%;供体母株基因型对胚性愈伤组织诱导有较大影响,Z1基因型供体母株的雌配子体最适合用于诱导产生胚性愈伤组织,诱导率为14.73%;诱导培养时以DCR为基本培养基,添加蔗糖30 g/L、活性炭1 g/L、倍力凝5 g/L并附加植物生长调节剂2,4-D 1.5 mg/L、KT 0.4 mg/L、MeJA 1.2 μmol/L和TDZ 0.004 mg/L,杉木胚性愈伤组织的诱导率最高,达19.83%;仅需4 d就可诱导产生胚性愈伤组织,不同阶段原胚团的结构和极性特征有明显差异。结论基本培养基、供体母株基因型和外源添加剂都会明显影响杉木体胚诱导培养,以Z1供体母株基因型的杉木雌配子体为外植体、DCR为培养基并组合添加MeJA和TDZ可明显提高杉木体胚诱导率。      

棉花优良新品种泗棉3号高频体细胞胚发生和植株再生的研究

选择我国棉花优良品种泗棉３号进行组织培养，获得了具有高频胚胎发生的愈伤组织、胚状体和小植株。在附加ＺＴ的ＭＳ培养基上，泗棉３号的下胚轴、子叶、根均诱导获得了愈伤组织，但其形成率和形成量不同，其中下胚较易诱导获得愈伤组织，根和子叶较差。ＺＴ对愈伤组织形成和生长影响较大，其在愈伤组织诱导中较适的使用浓度为３．０或５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

超级稻离体再生培养条件的优化

以超级稻品种两优培九成熟胚为外植体,研究了外源激素和化学试剂对超级稻离体再生培养的影响.结果表明,成熟胚在MS 2,4-D2mg/L KT1mg/L培养基上,愈伤组织诱导率达94%;愈伤组织在MS 6-BA2mg/L KT1mg/L NAA0.5mg/L培养基上,分化率为76.66%;当分化培养基中添加5mmol/LCuSO4,愈伤组织生长旺盛,分化率提高,可达86.66%.     

玉米植株再生体系建立及其主要影响因素的优化

研究选取11个东北地区主栽玉米品种的自交系,以幼胚为外植体诱导愈伤组织,应用正交实验设计方法探讨了2,4-D、BA、L-脯氨酸、水解酪蛋白4个因素及不同浓度组合对II型愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明,MS培养基中添加4mg·L-12,4-D、0.5mg·L-1BA、750mg·L-1L-脯氨酸和250mg·L-1水解酪蛋白时,II型愈伤组织诱导率最高,为49.66%。2,4-D是诱导II型愈伤组织的关键因素。优化了不定芽分化培养基和生根培养基,探讨了3个基因型愈伤组织的不定芽分化率及平均外植体出芽数,甜1品种都为最高,分别为93.14%和1.35%。初步确定了蛭石附加1/8MS营养液为再生植株移栽的最佳条件。     

玉米骨干自交系幼胚再生体系的建立

以玉米骨干自交系‘87-1’、‘综3’、‘137’和‘K12’的幼胚为外植体,研究了影响玉米幼胚再生体系建立的相关因素.结果表明:87-1幼胚在附加500 mg.L-1L-Pro5、00 mg.L-1L-Asn和2.5 mg.L-12,4-D的N6B5基本培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高,平均可高达98.1%;初级愈伤组织在附加500 mg.L-1L-Pro5、00 mg.L-1L-Asn和1.25 mg.L-12,4-D的N6B5继代培养基上胚性愈伤组织诱导率最高,平均可高达65.6%.在相同诱导、继代培养基和相同培养条件下,4个不同基因型玉米骨干自交系的愈伤组织诱导率无显著性差异,而其胚性愈伤组织诱导率具有显著性差异.继代培养次数对绿苗分化率也产生重要影响,具有显著性差异,其中,1次继代分化率最高;1/2MS培养基附加0.2 mg.L-1KT更有利于分化苗生根.     

EFFICIENT CALLUS INDUCTION AND PLANT REGENERATION FROM IMMATURE EMBRYO CULTURE OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. - THINOPYRUM INTERMEDIUM ALLEN DISOMIC ADDITION LINES

An efficient plant regeneration system was developed from the immature embryos of Triticum aestivum L. Thinopyrum intermedium alien disomic addition lines, which resistant to powdery mildew. The protocol was based on a series of experiments involving the callus induction and differentiation. The experiment studied the effects ofmature embryos. We found that the embryembryo size on callus induction and differentiation of the immature embryos. We found that the embryo size is critical for the establishment of embryogenic callus. Immature embryos (0.8 ~ 1.5 ram) showed high ability to produce embryogenie callus capable of regenerating green plants. The medium Murashige and Skoog‘ s (MS) added with 2mg/L 2, 4-diehlo-rophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) gave the best embryogenic callus induction, maintenance and regeneration. The embryogenic callus maintained high regeneration during six subcultures in the callus induction medium. Suitable time ofpartialdesiccation could effectively improve the regeneration capacity of the callus cultured for 3-4 month. Bud green spot and root green spot were observed during the differentiation of callus and the difference between them was described. Regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Plants were successfully transferred to soil and grew well. This efficient plant regeneration system provides a foundation for the study of somaclonal variation of Triticum aestivum L.- Thinopyrum intermedium alien disomic addition lines.