Macrophage spreading: inhibition in delayed hypersensitivity

The capacity of peritoneal macrophages to spread was studied with cells of mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes and with cells of guinea pigs sensitized with BCG (bacille Calmette Guérin) vaccine or immunized with ovalbumin. In macrophages taken from animals having delayed hypersensitivity, this ability was markedly decreased by the presence of specific antigen for less than 1 hour. Such an effect was not observed in guinea pigs having only circulating antibodies.     

贯筋藤提取物对小鼠迟发型超敏反应的影响

【目的】以贯筋藤为原料,探究其提取物对小鼠迟发型超敏反应(delayed type hypersensitivity,DTH)的影响.【方法】通过乙醇辅助超声萃取的方法制备贯筋藤粗提物,采用泼尼松连续灌胃建立免疫抑制小鼠模型,以2,4-二硝基氟苯诱导DTH,检测贯筋藤提取物对模型小鼠耳肿胀度的影响,计算胸腺和脾脏指数,酶联免疫吸附法检测小鼠血清干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量.【结果】明显减轻正常免疫小鼠耳廓肿胀度(P<0.01),对免疫抑制小鼠有减轻趋势,但无显著性差异(P>0.05);对小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数的影响无显著性差异(P>0.05);显著性降低正常免疫小鼠血清IFN-γ含量(P<0.05),对免疫抑制小鼠有降低趋势,但没有统计学差异(P>0.05).【结论】贯筋藤提取物对DTH小鼠具有明显的免疫抑制作用,其作用机制可能是通过抑制淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ水平.     

Transfer factor: delayed hypersensitivity to Schistosoma mansoni and tuberculin in Macaca mulatta

Delayed hypersensitivity in Macaca mulatta infected with either Schistosoma mansoni or mycobacteria was demonstrated by biopsies of skin test sites. Both dialyzable and nondialyzable leukocyte extracts from infected donors transferred delayed hypersensitivity to recipient monkeys. In two recipients, skin test conversion was associated with in vitro transformation of the recipients' lymphocytes.     

Delayed hypersensitivity: bone marrow as the source of cells in delayed skin reactions

Adult Lewis rats were thymectomized, irradiated, and restored with bone marrow from allogeneic (or F(1)) donors. They were passively sensitized to tuberculin by a subsequent transfer of Lewis lymph node cells and were given intradermal skin tests with tuberculoprotein. In 24-hour skin reactions the majority of cells, in successive experiments, were shown to be allogeneic (or F(1)) with the use of isoantibody against the antigens of the transplanted marrow cells and by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Our results demonstrate that the non-specific cells making up a large proportion of the infiltrating elements in tuberculin skin reactions probably originate in the bone marrow.     

幼龄苹果园间作马铃薯互作效应研究

以二年生和三年生苹果树为试材,设置2种营养带宽度(1.9、2.5 m),通过两因素交互试验,研究幼龄果园在不同间作模式下苹果树与马铃薯的互作效应。结果表明,对二年生苹果树来说,不同营养带宽度对苹果树的生长无显著影响,但对马铃薯产量有显著影响,苹果树营养带宽度为1.9 m时,马铃薯产量极显著高于营养带宽度为2.5 m的,因而二年生果园优选的马铃薯间作密度为0.70 m×0.35 m。对三年生苹果树来说,营养带宽度为1.9 m时,马铃薯产量显著高于营养带宽度为2.5 m的,但苹果树的株高、主干直径和分枝数显著小于营养带宽度为2.5 m的,幼龄苹果园间作马铃薯需要保证苹果树的生长,因而三年生苹果树优选的马铃薯间作密度为0.50 m×0.35 m。     

Immediate hypersensitivity responses in flatfish

Fungal extracts that precipitate with human C-reactive protein caused immediate erythema on subdermal injection into marine flatfish. Only species with calcium-dependent serum precipitins to these fungi showed skin reactions. Immediate hypersensitivity in a nonreactive species could be induced after injection with serum from reactive species. The transferable serum factor (or factors) was heat sensitive.     

蚯蚓-菌根互作对滨海盐碱土的改良作用

为改良滨海盐碱地不良的土壤理化性质,使其适合作物生长,从生物改良角度,研究蚯蚓(Eisenia fetida)与丛枝菌根真菌(Rhizophagus intraridices)互作对滨海盐碱地的改良作用。采用盆栽试验,以玉米为研究对象,设置不加菌根和蚯蚓(CK)、接种菌根真菌(AM)、添加蚯蚓(EW)、添加蚯蚓和菌根真菌(AM+EW)共4个处理,测定不同处理土壤理化性质及玉米生长相关指标。结果表明:添加蚯蚓和接种菌根真菌均能降低土壤pH及水溶性全盐含量(P0.05),提高玉米对土壤养分的吸收(P0.05)。同时,蚯蚓能促进菌根真菌的定殖(P0.05),二者互作使土壤水溶性全盐含量降低25.4%,玉米根系表面积增加51.8%,对氮磷钾的吸收量分别提高31.1%、21.0%、48.3%,地上部生物量提高80.2%。因此,在滨海盐碱地添加蚯蚓及菌根真菌可降低土壤pH及水溶性全盐含量,改善植物根际环境,促进玉米根系生长,促进其对土壤养分的吸收,提高玉米养分及生物量。     

水氮耦合效应对贵州烟田土壤水分的影响

采用两因素裂区设计试验,研究了水氮耦合对烟田土壤水分动态变化、水分利用率及水分产值率的影响.结果表明,氮肥用量在60～90kg·hm-2时,土壤各土层的含水量、贮水量、水分利用率、水分产值率随着氮肥用量的增加而增加,氮肥用量为90kg·hm-2时,水分利用率和水分产值率均达到最高,分别为4.26元/(mm·hm2)和28.12元/(mm·hm2);氮肥用量在90～120kg·hm-2时,随着氮肥用量的增加,烟田土壤含水量、土壤贮水量和水分产值率逐渐降低.综合分析表明,补水条件下,90kg·hm-2的氮肥水平是贵州优质烤烟生产的最优水氮组合.     

Snake neurotoxins: effect of disulfide reduction on interaction with electroplax

Reduction of disulfide bonds of cobra neurotoxin by dithiothreitol results in decreased activity on the electroplax preparation. Activity is restored completely after reoxidation by 3,3'-dithiobis[6-nitrobenzoic acid]. Reduction of the disulfide bonds in the vicinity of the receptor does not decrease the effect of cobrotoxin.     

Mechanism of delayed reactions

Arsanilic acid conjugates of polymers of L-typrosine, glutamic acid, and alanine are immunogenic and can elicit hapten-specific, delayed-hypersensitivity reactions in sensitized guinea pigs. Conjugates of the D-amino acid polymers are neither immunogenic nor capable of eliciting delayed reactions. Mixtures of small amounts of conjugates capable of eliciting a delayed reaction with larger amounts of D-amino acid polymer conjugates produce only small delayed reactions. I suggest that the delayed reaction is an active response requiring the continued participation of immunogenic material in sensitized animals; it is not the reaction of preformed antibody-like material with the antigenic determinant.     

稻米透明度QTLs主效应、上位性效应和G×E互作效应检测

利用珍汕97B/密阳46构建的RIL群体(ZM-RIL)及其相应分子遗传图谱,以海南和杭州两地试验的精米透光率(%)作为稻米透明度考察指标,应用检测QTL主效应、加×加上位性效应和G×E互作效应的遗传分析方法,对该性状两个环境下数据进行联合分析.共检测到5个控制该性状的主效应QTL,分别位于第2、6(2个)、8、10染色体上,总的遗传贡献率19.15%.其中,qTR2-2增加透明度的有效基因来源于母本;其余4个(qTR6-1、qTR6-2、qTR8-2、qTR10)则来自于父本.qTR6-1还与环境存在显著的GE互作效应.此外,还检测到2对控制稻米透明度的加性上位性互作基因,但它们均未与环境存在显著互作.     

Delayed hypersensitivity in man: effects of systemic anticoagulation

Skin test reactivity, lymphocyte transformation, and mononuclear cell tissue factor generation were evaluated both before and during systemic anticoagulation in 24 volunteers. Anticoagulation with warfarin decreased skin test induration and tissue factor generation, but lymphocyte trnasformation remained unchanged. An intact coagulation mechanism, including tissue factor generation, appears to be important for the development of skin test induration in humans.     

Induced hypersensitivity to barbital in the female rat

Female rats, treated with two daily anesthetic doses of barbital, exhibit 1 month later a significant increase in sleeping time over that of control animals. Hypersensitive animals, as compared to controls, show no alteration in liver weight (as percentage of body weight), but they manifest a significant shortening of time for induction of anesthesia. Induced hypersensitivity to barbiturates is apparently not the result of alterations in the metabolism of these agents, but it may be related to enhanced susceptibility of the central nervous system to these drugs.     

应县小黑豆与大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种互作关系研究

对抗病品种应县小黑豆与大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种(SCN3)互作及田间动态关系进行了研究.结果表明:应县小黑豆为抗扩展品种,对SCN3明显抑制J2向J3,J3向J4的发育,并且对SCN3的雌雄分化有一定影响.在抗病植株上观察到的J4大部分是雄虫,雌虫极少,而感病品种辽豆15上,SCN3各龄期之间发育正常,根内J4大部分为雌虫.应用冰冻切片技术对线虫侵染后抗感品种根系组织进行切片观察.观察结果表明:抗感品种的组织病理学反应有明显差异,抗病品种产生明显的组织病理学反应,表现为根内线虫虫体附近根组织细胞有坏死现象发生,而感病品种辽豆15则无坏死现象.并且观察到了抗病品种根内产生的合胞体.     

鸡IGF1R、IGFBP-3基因SNP位点之间互作效应分析

以IGF1R、IGFBP-3基因作为影响鸡生产性能的候选基因,采用DNA测序和PCR-SSCP技术分析了单核苷酸多态性(SNP),并对两基因SNP位点之间的互作效应进行相关分析。结果表明,在IGF1R和IGFBP-3基因中分别发现2个SNP位点(IGF1R基因的G26333A和G26336A,IGFBP-3基因的T160G和C1087T),其中IGF1R基因G26336A位点对鸡的生长性状具有显著的影响(P0.05);G26336A位点DD基因型个体8周龄体质量显著高于CC基因型(P0.05),DD基因型个体12周龄体质量显著高于CC和CD基因型(P0.05);IGFBP-3基因C1087T位点GH基因型个体的开产日龄显著低于HH基因型(P0.05)。IGF1R基因G26336A位点与IGFBP-3基因C1087T位点之间对12周龄体质量有互作效应。可见,IGF1R和IGFBP-3基因可能是影响鸡生产性状的主效基因。     

气肿疽梭菌细胞毒素CctA基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

根据GenBank中气肿疽梭菌细胞毒素CctA基因的参考序列,采用PCR方法扩增细胞毒素CctA基因。在将该基因进行克隆和测序后利用生物信息学方法,对细胞毒素CctA蛋白的理化性质、结构功能域、蛋白质二级结构和三级结构及抗原表位等重要参数进行了预测和分析。结果表明:与参考序列(JQ692583)相比,存在3处突变,核苷酸序列的同源性和氨基酸序列的同源性均为99.4%;CctA蛋白的理论等电点为8.00,不存在跨膜区和信号肽序列,二级结构以β-折叠和无规则卷曲为主,主要有4个抗原表位区域。本研究为CctA蛋白功能的深入研究提供了参考,并为气肿疽梭菌单克隆抗体的制备及合成肽疫苗的研发奠定了基础。     

Mechanism of a reaction in vitro associated with delayed-type hypersensitivity

The cell type responsible for inhibition by antigen of migration in vitro of peritoneal exudate cells obtained from tuberculin-hypersensitive guinea pigs was studied. Exudate populations were separated into component cell types, the lymphocyte and the macrophage. Peritoneal lymphocytes from sensitive donors were the immunologically active cells in this system, the macrophages, being merely indicator cells which migrate. Sensitized peritoneal lymphocyte populations, upon interaction with specific antigen in vitro, elaborated into the medium a soluble material capable of inhibiting migration of normal exudate cells.     

大豆荚数性状相关QTL的加性、上位性及QE互作效应分析

本研究利用Charleston×东农594得到的147个F2:14-F2:19重组自交系群体,对11个环境条件下大豆荚数性状相关QTL的加性、上位性及其与环境互作效应进行了分析.在6年11个不同遗传背景条件下的多环境联合分析中定位了11个QTL具有加性效应,其加性(A)贡献率和AE互作贡献率都是微效的.联合分析同时定位到20对QTL具有上位效应,并发现上位QTL的2种作用模式,一种是同一连锁群上2个QTL间的上位性互作,另一种是不同连锁群上2个QTL间的上位性互作.鉴定出9个具有加性效应的QTL能在多个环境条件下被检测到,17对具有上位性效应的QTL能在多个环境条件下被检测到,部分QTL的上位性效应解释的表型变异大于5％.这些在不同环境或不同遗传背景下检测到的QTL,可作为大豆荚数相关性状改良的候选标记,用于分子标记辅助选择或图位克隆.     

Lymphocyte stimulation: transfer of cellular hypersensitivity to antigen in vitro

Tuberculin-sensitive human lymphocytes cultured for 36 hours with tuberculin elaborate a soluble material which causes nonsensitive lymphocytes to respond to tuberculin in vitro by transformation and proliferation.     

秋延马铃薯无公害栽培技术

近年来，济宁市任城区立足实际，充分发挥区位资源优势．积极调优农业种植结构，试验、示范、推广了秋季延迟（秋延）马铃薯无公害栽培技术，由几十亩逐渐发展到几千亩规模，平均每亩产量达到2280．5kg，收入2600多元。不仅增加了农民收入，而且丰富了城乡“菜篮子”工程。主要栽培技术有以下几点。