The Main Characteristics of Early Manturing Kiwifruit Variety ＂Fengyue＂ and Its Cultivating Techniques for High Yield and Good Quality

The new kilt variety “Fengyne“ has bigger, avg.90g, max, 127.8g fxuit with beautiful appearance and good storage ,The fruit is fine and tender in pulp texture with a thick sweet taste and rich refreshing aroma in addition to over 15% soluble solids oontent. This vasty matures in September, Changslta, and has a high fruit setting percentage. Fruiters should pay great attention to fertilizer or water management, prune, and flower or fruit thinning in culfivaling “Fengyue‘.     

Application of Natural Antioxidants from Strawberry Tree （Arbutus unedo L.） and Dog Rose （Rosa canina L.） to Frankfurters Subjected to Refrigerated Storage

The effect of the addition of natural antioxidants from strawberry tree （Arbutus unedo L.; AU） and dog rose （Rosa canina L.; RC）, in frankfurters elaborated with or without the addition of antioxidant additives （sodium ascorbate and nitrite） was studied. Six different types of experimental frankfurters were prepared depending on the addition of phenolic-rich extracts from RC and AU and the presence （P） or absence （C） of antioxidant additives. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS）-numbers signiifcantly increased during chilled storage of C-frankfurters while additives and fruit phenolics inhibited lipid oxidation in P-frankfurters. The amount of protein carbonyls signiifcantly increased in all treatments except in P-AU frankfurters. The discoloration process that occurred during the chilled storage was reduced by the addition of substances with proven antioxidant activity （P-frankfurters）. Texture characteristics as hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and gumminess also suffered a signiifcant deterioration in C-frankfurters. The use of phenolic fruit extracts in combination with traditional antioxidant additives is a successful strategy to enhance the oxidative stability of frankfurters without modifying their color and texture properties.     

Studies of the Ripe Characteristics of Pear

The picked pear is often ripened naturally or artificially in ethylene solution to put the pear into market earlier.When Qiuxiang pear are ripened,a great deal of ethylene is produced,the content of soluble solid,total sugar and titrable acidity are increased.The flesh is softened,the skin of fruit turns yellow,and the fruits are of aromatic favor.At differnet harvest time,respiration intensity appears different changing trends;the fruit qualities and the storage period are influenced too.Artificial ripening promotes fruit ripe and has a better effect than natural ripening.And Qiuxiang pear ripened artificially in earlier the middle or late of August can achieve better fruit qualities and higher economic value.     

Hot air treatment activates defense responses and induces resistance against Botrytis cinerea in strawberry fruit

The effect of hot air(HA, 45°C, 3.5 h) treatment on reducing gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in strawberry fruit and the possible mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that HA treatment significantly reduced lesion diameter and enhanced activities of chitinase(CHI), β-1,3-glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL) in strawberry fruit. Total phenolic contents were also increased by HA treatment. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase(APX) were higher in HA treated strawberry fruit than those in control. Expression of three defense related genes such as CAT, CCR-1 allele and PLA6 was greatly induced in HA treated strawberry fruit with or without inoculation by B. cinerea. In addition, the in vitro experiment showed that HA treatment inhibited spore germination and tube growth of B. cinerea. These results suggested that HA treatment directly activated disease resistance against B. cinerea in strawberry fruit without priming response and directly inhibiting growth of B. cinerea.     

Induces Resistance Against Fusarium and Pink Rots by Acibenzolar-S-Methyl in Harvested Muskmelon （cv. Yindi）

Acibenzolar-S-methyl （ASM） is a chemical activator of systematic resistance in many plants. The effect of preharvest and postharvest application of ASM was evaluated for its ability to induce resistance in muskmelon fruit. The results indicated that 50 and 100 mg L^-1 ASM or 1 mL L^-1 imazalil at 1 week or 1 day before harvest were effective in reducing the lesion area with 100 mg L^-1 ASM the most effective. No treatment inhibited the infection rate. The postharvest results showed that 50 and 100 mg L^-1 ASM, and 0.1 mL L^-1 imazalil were effective in reducing the lesion area with 100 mg L^-1 ASM the most effective. No treatment inhibited the infection rate. There was a clear time-dependent response of the fruit to postharvest ASM treatment, in which treatments applied 1, 3, and 5 day before inoculation provided the best results. ASM did not demonstrate any fungicide effect in vitro and suppressed lesion area in treated muskmelons, indicating that disease resistance was induced. The protection of ASM was associated with the activation of peroxidase （POD） in treated muskmelons.     

Forecasting Fruit Diameter of ‘Fuji’Apples (Malus pumila Mill )at Harvest During Early Growing Season

The fruit growth evolution on 35 tagged‘Fuji‘apple trees was studied in three successive growing seasons from 1994 to 1996 to explore a new method for forecasting the fruit diameter at harvest during early growing season. Daily fruit growth rate (DFGR) (based on fruit diameter, fruit dry weight, fruit fresh weight, or fruit volume) during the early growing season, 30 - 50 d after full bloom (DAFB), or during midgrowing season (60 - 120 DAFB), displayed a strong positive linear correlation with the fruit diameter at harvest, and the correlation between the fruit diameter at harvest and DFGR during early and mid-growing season was much better than that between the fruit diameter at harvest and either fruit diameter at a given time or the relative growth rate during early or mid-growing season. The fruit diameters obtained in the field were compared with the mean fruit diameters estimated based on different criteria, such as DFGRs (based on fruit diameter, fruit dry weight, fruit fresh weight, or fruit volume) during early and mid-growing season, and fruit diameter at 120 DAFB. Results showed that daily growth rate of fruit diameter during 30 - 50 DAFB was the best criterion for forecasting fruit diameter at harvest. There was no significant difference in mean fruit diameter between the value measured in the field at harvest and that estimated based on the daily growth rate of fruit diameter during 30 - 50 DAFB (equations for forecasting: y = 153. 571 x + 73. 492) either for the individual trees or for different vigor groups of trees. Daily growth rate of fruit diameter during 30 - 50 DAFB can be used as the basis for forecasting fruit diameter at harvest.     

Breeding of New Processing Apricot Cultivar ‘Jinxiu'

‘Jinxiu' is a processing apricot(Armeniaca vulgaris L.) cultivar derived from the cross of ‘Chuanzhihong'בJintaiyang'.The fruit is oval-shaped with the ground color of orange and 1/4-1/2 sheet red in the surface. The average fruit weight is65.5 g, and the maximum value is 106 g. The flesh is orange, fine with very less fiber, toughness, less juice and freestone, and tastes sour and sweet. The soluble solid content is 12.5%. The edible rate is 95.8%. The fruit skin hardness is 12.9 kg/cm2 and storable. The preserved apricots have orange color and are tasty. The preserved yield is 40%. The fruit development period is 72 d. The fruit has high yield, and the fruit yield in full fruit period can reach 37 000 kg/hm2. ‘Jinxiu' was examined and approved by Hebei Examination and Approval Committee of Forest Tree Variety in 2013.     

椪柑省力化疏花疏果研究

以椪柑(Citrus reticulate Blanco)为试验材料,在不同时期(盛花期、盛花后1周、盛花后2周或第2次生理落果中期)分别喷施不同浓度的石硫合剂、萘乙酸、乙烯利或3,5,6-TPA,探究不同处理的疏花疏果效果。结果表明:盛花期喷施石硫合剂1~3°Bé以及盛花后1周喷施2~3°Bé都有较明显的疏除效果,坐果率只有对照的一半左右;无论是盛花后1周还是2周喷施3种浓度的萘乙酸均可达到显著的疏花疏果效果,坐果率均在6.5%以下;同样,3个不同时期(盛花期、盛花后1周或盛花2周)分别喷施3种浓度的乙烯利,疏除效果亦显著,坐果率均低于5.5%;第2次生理落果中期喷施10mg/L的3,5,6-TPA疏除效果不明显,20、30和40 mg/L的3,5,6-TPA处理则有非常显著的疏花疏果效果,坐果率只有1%左右。以本研究数据作为参考,在生产当中,可根据实际需要选择合适的化学试剂及其喷施时期和浓度,疏除部分花果,达到代替人工疏花疏果、增大果实的目的。     

无核荔枝的保鲜研究

选取3种自制的抗氧化剂,配以3种保鲜袋和2种保鲜膜,结合热处理和冷处理,配成16组处理,分别在常温和低温条件下研究了无核荔枝保鲜的技术.结果表明,选用抗氧化剂P和抗氧化剂M的等体积混合液结合WH型保鲜袋置于2 ℃储藏处理荔枝,小袋包装(500 g/袋,29 cm×24 cm)果实能贮藏30 d,好果率达83.60%,能有效地延长无核荔枝保鲜期.抗氧化剂D、P、M和保鲜膜T、Z的单独使用对无核荔枝保鲜均有良好的效果.温水处理无核荔枝不能很好地护色,但对菌类有一定的杀灭作用.     

Relationship between Ponkan Mandarin Fruit Quality and Nutrient Concentrations

Five age groups of trees were carried out in order to study relationships between the deterioration of Ponkan mandarin fruit quality and changes in tissues nutrient concentrations with tree age.Fruit quality and nutrient concentrations in fruits and leaves were measured.Comprehensive fruit quality decreased in the order:5-year-old 13-year-old 38-year-old 8-year-old 18-year-old.In 18-year-old trees,calcium(Ca) concentrations of fruit and leaf were lower,while potassium(K) and boron(B) concentrations of fruit and magnesium(Mg) and manganese(Mn) concentrations of leaf were higher.Negative relationships were observed between fruit total soluble solids and leaf B,while positive relationships were observed between fruit total soluble solids and leaf and fruit Ca concentrations,and between titratable acidity and leaf Mn.Fruit quality decreasing with tree age most likely resulted from an imbalance of high K,Mg and B but lower Ca concentrations in leaves and fruits.     

二倍体西瓜无子化栽培技术研究

研究二倍体西瓜花粉辐射处理剂量对不同品种着色子率、坐果率及果实品质等性状的影响。结果表明,用600Gy射线的处理剂量可以获得无子西瓜,但不同品种对辐射剂量的要求有差异;不同授粉日期对坐果率影响小;花粉经辐射处理后,对西瓜果实可溶性固形物质量分数有影响,其高低与无子化效果相一致;辐射处理对瓜氨酸质量分数也有一定影响,但对番茄红素质量分数没有影响。     

地面覆膜对椪柑品质及产量的影响

为探明地面覆膜在贵州山区椪柑生产上的应用效果,以8306椪柑为试验材料,在贵州天柱、从江和锦屏3县试验点采用果园对比试验研究地面覆膜对椪柑产量和品质的影响。结果表明:地面覆膜椪柑果实的总糖含量、VC含量、糖酸比、固酸比、果形指数、单果重、可溶性固形物含量和可食率分别为10.60g/100mL、39.29mg/100mL、9.53、11.65、0.89、143.04g、13.03%和69.24%,分别比地面裸露增加19.64%、33.95%、41.40%、36.74%、8.54%、20.20%、1.83百分点和3.2百分点;单株产量、单位面积产量和优质果产量分别为57.9kg/株、3 323.8kg/667m~2和2 854.5kg/667m~2,比对照分别增加13.98%、14.74%和85.9%,平均优质果率达85.9%,比对照64.3%增加21.6百分点,且椪柑果实着色早、着色均匀一致,并可提早10d上市。     

不同产区无核白葡萄果实外观品质差异及相关性分析

[目的]明确不同产区间无核白葡萄果实外观品质差异及品质指标间的相关性.[方法]对新疆吐鲁番、托克逊、鄯善和哈密4个产区147份无核白葡萄果穗重、果实大小(果粒重、皮重、皮果比)、果实形状(果实纵径、横径、果形指数)和果实色度指标(亮度值L、红绿值a、黄蓝值b、色泽比a/b、彩度C、色调角h°)进行测定和分析.[结果]不同产区无核白葡萄穗重、果粒大小、形状及果实色度指标均存在一定差异,同一产区不同样品间穗重、果实大小、形状及果实色度指标也存在一定差异.穗重以鄯善产区最大,为412.71 g,显著高于其他3个产区,吐鲁番、托克逊和哈密产区间并无显著差异;哈密产区的果粒重(2.78 g)、皮重(0.26 g)、皮果比(0.09)、纵径(20.24 mm)、横径(14.26 mm)和果形指数(1.42)均高于其他3个产区,吐鲁番产区的果粒重、纵径、横径和果形指数与哈密产区无显著差异;哈密的L值(37.06)、b值(16.73)、C值,吐鲁番的a值(-2.54)和鄯善产区的b值(16.30)、C值,均显著高于其他3个产区,且哈密与鄯善产区的b值和C值差异不显著,色泽比以吐鲁番和托克逊产区最大,都显著高于鄯善和哈密产区,4个产区葡萄果实的色调角h°差异不显著;哈密产区不同样品穗重一致性较差,吐鲁番产区不同样品间果实形状一致性较好;穗重与果粒重、皮重、纵径和横径呈显著或极显著的正相关,与皮果比和色泽比a/b呈极显著或显著的负相关;果粒重与皮重、纵径、横径和果形指数呈显著或极显著的正相关,与皮果比呈极显著的负相关;皮重与皮果比、纵径、横径和果形指数呈极显著的正相关,皮果比与果形指数和亮度L呈显著或极显著的正相关,与纵径和横径呈显著或极显著的负相关;纵径与横径和果形指数呈极显著的正相关;h.与a/b呈极显著的负相关.[结论]吐鲁番、托克逊、鄯善和哈密产区间和同一产区不同样品间果实外观品质都存在一定的差异,并且各指标间也存在一定的相关性.     

无核黄皮叶片养分含量和果实产量品质的关系

以广东郁南无核黄皮Clausena lansium为研究对象,分析其叶片N、P、K、Ca和Mg养分与果实产量品质的关系.简单相关分析表明,不同物候期的叶片养分含量与果肉品质的相关性各不相同.在花芽分化期,叶片N、K含量与果实总酸度呈显著或极显著负相关关系,叶片Ca、Mg含量与维生素C(VC)含量呈极显著、显著正相关关系,叶片Ca含量与果实可溶性固形物含量呈显著正相关关系,叶片K含量与可溶性糖含量呈极显著负相关关系.在开花期,叶片Mg含量与可溶性固形物、VC含量呈显著正相关关系,叶片K含量与产量呈显著正相关关系.在幼果期,叶片养分含量与果实各品质指标未表现出相关性.在果实膨大期,叶片K含量与果实可溶性固形物呈显著负相关关系,叶片Ca含量与产量呈显著正相关关系.在果实成熟期,叶片N含量与果实可溶性固形物和可溶性糖呈极显著正相关关系.典型相关分析表明,叶片Ca、Mg含量与果实可溶性固形物和VC含量的关系密切.     

环割对金水柑树体生长、树体营养及果实品质的影响

以六年生椪柑(Citrus reticulata Blanco CV.Ponkan)品种金水柑为试材,研究了秋季不同时期(9月、10月、11月)环割对次年金水柑树体生长、树体营养及果实品质的影响.结果表明,秋季侧枝环割处理均明显增加了春梢营养枝的粗度,抑制了春梢营养枝的生长,并且使长/粗比值减小.环割处理显著提高了春梢结果枝和结果母枝的比例,其中9月、10月环割对提高金水柑春梢结果枝比例的作用最强,环割2圈、3圈及对错环剥这3种环割方式效果最明显.通过对金水柑叶片叶绿素含量、干物质含量、可溶性糖含量、游离氨基酸总量、全氮、全碳量和碳氯比的分析发现,不同时期环割均明显降低了金水柑叶片叶绿素含量,显著提高了叶片中干物质、可溶性糖含量,不同程度减少了叶片中游离氨基酸总量和氯的含量,提高了碳氮比.其中10月环割处理的叶片可溶性糖含量较9月、11月环割的含量高,含氮量低,碳氤比增大明显.环割处理明显提高了金水柑的成花坐果率和果实的可溶性固形物含量,其中9月、10月环割提高成花坐果率的效果最好.     

纸袋控缓释肥在淑女红葡萄上的应用效果

纸袋控缓释肥料在淑女红葡萄上的应用效果研究表明,用纸袋控缓释肥的增产效果显著,产量达28534.5kg/hm2,比常规施肥高了37.09%;可溶性固形物达21.07g/L;叶片的氮、磷、钾含量也相对较高。说明纸袋控缓释肥的肥效明显,具有一定应用前景。     

椪柑无核优系的细胞学研究

以椪柑无核优系(Citrus reticulate Blanco)及其母本江西靖安有核椪柑(C.reticulate Blanco)、鄂柑1号(C.reticulate Blanco)为材料,从花粉形态、授粉亲和性和合子胚发育等方面研究优系无核机制。结果表明:无核优系花粉母细胞减数分裂异常比例显著高于其母本,花粉粒形态和小孢子母细胞的解剖学结构与母本有明显不同;无核优系自花授粉后的花粉管可以正常抵达花柱基部,自交亲和;无核优系胚胎早期败育,授粉后3周是败育主要时期;无核优系自花或异花授粉都不会产生种籽。无核优系果实无核的主要原因是胚胎早期败育。