湖北省棉花机械化生产存在的问题与展望

棉花是湖北农业经济的支柱产生,也是棉农的主要经济来源,促进棉花生产发展必须大力发展机械化植棉。论述了湖北省棉花生产状况,分析了湖北省发展棉花机械化生产存在的问题,井对湖北省实施机械化植棉提出了展望。     

新政策下湖北省棉花生产现状与对策建议

对湖北省重点植棉县(市)的棉花生产现状进行了调研,阐述了内地目标价格补贴政策对湖北棉花生产的影响,并针对湖北省棉区产业结构调整提出了对策建议。     

新植棉形势下湖北省棉花产业重大需求分析

在走访了湖北省棉花生产、科研、教学、加工企业和纺织企业的基础上，分析了新形势下湖北省棉花产业的重大问题和重大需求。针对湖北省棉花产业发展中存在的问题，提出较为客观可行的措施并对其发展方向做了初步探究。     

利用资源优势 发展棉花产业

棉花自宋末元初引入湖北省种植以来 ,经过数百年的生产实践检验 ,成为湖北省传统的主要经济作物 ,曾为国家经济建设、农村经济发展作出重大贡献。近年来 ,随着农业结构的战略性调整 ,棉花受市场等多种因素的影响 ,种植面积调减 ,植棉效益波动 ,但棉花仍是湖北省农业的优势作物。1湖北省发展棉花生产的优势1 .1有适宜的生态条件。湖北省棉区常有“梅雨”和秋季连阴雨发生 ,对棉花生产也有一定的影响。但综合评价自然气候和水、土资源等生态条件 ,湖北省是全国屈指可数的适宜棉花种植区域之一。 2 0 0 2年《全国棉花优势区划》,将湖北省列为高…     

湖北武穴市短季直播棉公顷籽棉突破4 500 kg

<正>农村植棉人口老龄化问题日益突出,棉花生产必须走栽培轻简化、操作机械化、生产规模化、开发产业化"四化"之路。湖北省武穴市从2010年开始探索棉花麦(油)后直播轻简栽培技术,2017―2019年组织实施了湖北省棉花提质增效技术模式集成示范项目,每年实施规模133.3 hm2。在湖北省农业农村厅、湖北省农业科学院及国家棉花产业技术体系鄂东试验站等相关部门和专家的大力指导下,武穴市棉花麦(油)后直播轻简栽培技术不断得到完     

天门市棉花生产现状及存在的问题与对策

通过对2012~2015年湖北省天门市棉花生产统计数据的分析,结合生产实际调研,归纳了近几年天门市棉花生产情况和种植特点,指出存在的问题,提出天门市棉花生产发展的对策和建议。旨在促进天门市棉花生产稳定发展。     

农业部在武汉举办2013年亚洲棉花优质高产生产技术培训班

为实施睦邻友好的外交政策,帮助亚洲邻国加快发展棉花产业,促进我国与这些国家在棉花生产技术和贸易领域的交流与合作,在农业部国际合作司的精心指导和湖北省农业厅的大力支持下,农业部优质农产品开发服务中心于2013年9月12—21日在湖北省武汉市成功举办了“亚洲棉花优质高产生产技术培训班”。     

新疆兵团一四七团棉花生产“十一五”回顾及“十二五”发展对策

新疆兵团一四七团属次宜棉区,地处欧亚大陆腹地,属大陆性干旱气候,为荒漠绿洲生态农业.与全国其它产棉区相比,干旱少雨,昼夜温差大,光照充足,水源稳定,为棉花生产提供了充足的自然资源;但是土壤盐碱重,无霜期较短,春季低温风大多雨,秋季气温迅速下降,对棉花生产十分不利. 1"十一五"棉花生产回顾 1.1棉花生产对比分析."十一五"期间,一四七团棉花生产有了较大发展,植棉面积、棉花单产、总产明显提高,总体形势良好(表1).其中2010年春季降水量仅为99.8 mm,播种期比历年推迟15d左右,但子棉总产量达51300 t,创造了一四七团历史最好水平.     

湖北省仙桃市2020年棉花生产实际及2021年植棉现状

调查了湖北省仙桃市2020年棉花生产实际及2021年植棉现状,分析了棉花面积减少的原因,并提出了稳定植棉的措施。     

天门市棉花“七五”成效及“八五”对策

“七五”期间,湖北省天门市本着“稳定发展粮油生产,充分发挥棉花优势,积极发展多种经营,全面提高经济效益”的方针,在棉花生产上,提出了“稳定面积,主攻单产,提高品质,增加总产”的正确决策,采取一系列发展棉花生产的重大措施,调动棉农重视棉花,发展棉花,挖掘棉花增     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.