饲料蛋白质在鸡消化道食糜中肽氨基酸含量与氨基酸消化率的关系

通过2个试验研究了饲料蛋白质在鸡消化道食糜中肽氨基酸含量与氨基酸消化率的关系。试验1研究了3月龄黄羽肉鸡对鱼粉、豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕的氨基酸利用率。试验结果，几种蛋白质饲料的氨基酸消化率分别为：鱼粉0．92，豆粕0．87，棉粕0．75，菜粕0．76。试验2研究了鱼粉、豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕在鸡消化道各段（胃、十二指肠、空肠）食糜中肽氨基酸（PAA）的含量，并探讨了氨基酸消化率与肽氨基酸含量之间是否存在相关性。试验结果，不同蛋白质饲料在胃肠道食糜中肽氨基酸含量存在着很大差异 ，鱼粉最高，豆粕其次，棉籽与菜籽最低。将氨基酸消化率与肽氨基酸含量进行相关分析表明：二者之间存在明显相关性，其中以6h时间点的空肠段肽氨基酸含量与氨基酸消化率之间相关最高，R^2=0.98。     

以可利用氨基酸为基础配制肉鸡饲粮研究

选用２４０只ＡｒｂｏｒＡｃｅｒｓ商品代肉仔鸡进行了非常规蛋白质饲料菜籽粕配制可利用氨基酸平衡饲粮的饲养试验。     

家禽理想蛋白质氨基酸模式

不同饲料蛋白质的营养价值变化很大，要使家禽有效地利用饲料，必须按照其营养生理需要供给蛋白质。国内外已有不少关于家的氨基酸模式，但各个氨基酸模式之间有很大的差异。本文综述了家禽理想蛋白质氨基酸模式研究方法和应用。     

山东省蛋鸡饲料氨基酸有效率研究

采用不去盲肠的真代谢能（ＴＭＥ）法，测定了山东省内使用或生产的１３种蛋鸡饲料必需氨基酸真消化率，进一步证实了以可利用氨基酸为指标配制日粮的合理性。据本试验测定结果制定了山东省蛋鸡饲料可利用氨基酸含量表，为山东省以可利用氨基酸为基础设计日粮配方奠定了基础     

鳜鱼含肉率及鱼肉营养价值的研究

测定了１２尾鳜鱼的含肉率及其肌肉的营养成分，并对其营养价值作了综合评定。鳜鱼含肉率达６７．６２％。鱼肉蛋白质含量为１７．５６％，脂肪含量为１．５０４％。１７种氨基酸总量为１６．９４％，其中７种必需氨基酸总量为６．７６％（不包括色氨酸），４种鲜味氨基酸总量是６．６８％。鳜鱼肌肉所含人体必需氨基酸总量高于ＦＡＯ制订的蛋白氨基酸标准，而且必需氨基酸的构成比例基本符合ＦＡＯ标准。氨基酸分（ＡＡＳ）和化学分     

蝇蛆的营养分析

试验进行了蝇蛆的蛋白质含量、氨基酸含量和某些必需微量元素含量的测定。测定结果：蛋白质含量为56．18％,测出17种氨基酸和铜,铁,锰,锌,钴,硒,碘7种必需微量元素。氨基酸含量比豆粕,豆饼高,接近于鱼粉的含量。7种微量元素含量比进口鱼粉高。从本次测定结果看蝇蛆可以代替饲料中的豆粕、豆饼和鱼粉。也可以作添加剂。     

不同品种精白米必需氨基酸、总氨基酸和蛋白质含量的相关分析

测定了28个精白米样品的必需氨基酸、总氨基酸、蛋白质含量,分析了不同精白样品各成分的相关性。结果表明,28个精白米样品蛋白质含量与总氨基酸含量、蛋白质含量与必需氨基酸含量、总氨基酸含量与必需氨基酸含量的相关系数分别达到0.940、0.950、0.995,均呈极显著正相关。精白米主要营养成分蛋白质的营养价值主要在于氨基酸含量的高低,必需氨基酸含量可作为判定稻米营养价值的重要指标。     

单胃动物理想蛋白质与氨基酸模式的研究进展

１理想蛋白氨基酸模式１．１理想蛋白质的起源及概念理想蛋白（Idealprotion，IP）的概念起源于人们用氨基酸组成来衡量蛋白质的营养价值。Howard（１９５８）首次提出“理想蛋白质”的概念，其基本含义指能在动物体内实现最大沉积率的饲料蛋白质。Cole（１９８１）认为，理想蛋白质是指各种必需氨基酸与供合成非必需氨基酸的氮源之间具有最佳平衡的蛋白质。ARC（１９８１）首次提出了理想氨基酸模式（IAAP），将理想蛋白质定义为饲料蛋白质中的各种氨基酸含量与动物用于特定功能所需要的氨基酸量相一致。此后，许多学者对理想蛋白质先…     

乌饭树叶蛋白质中氨基酸含量及营养价值评价

应用模糊识别法和氨基酸比值系数法,以鸡蛋蛋白质为标准蛋白,以WHO／FAO氨基酸参考模式为评价标准,对乌饭树叶蛋白质营养价值进行了全面评价,并与4种植物叶蛋白质进行对照比较。结果表明：乌饭树叶蛋白质中总氨基酸含量为71．82％,蛋白质中氨基酸种类比较齐全,必需氨基酸（EAA）占总氨基酸量的40．30％,第一限制性氨基酸为赖氨酸,氨基酸比值系数分为77．05。     

真代谢能法对饲料酵母粉之蛋白质、氨基酸营养价值的评定研究

选用肉仔鸡24只,分成两组,以Sibbald氏TME法研究了饲料酵母粉粗蛋白、氨基酸的营养价值。结果:饲料酵母粉的粗蛋白质含量达642.4g/kg,真代谢率为(66.6 3.2)％,必需氨基酸含量达257.4g/kg,真代谢率为85.0％。表明饲料酵母粉的营养价值近似鱼粉,在饲料酵母粉中添加蛋氨酸后,在肉鸡日粮中可以一定的比例替代鱼粉使用。     

The Valuation of Nutrition Value in Available Amino Acid of Feed-corn on Poultry Feed

以凯氏定氮法测定“9409”饲用玉米的粗蛋白质为91.9g/kg。用Beckman121型氨基酸分析仪测定其18种氨基酸含量(88.3252g/kg)占粗蛋白质含量的96.11%,13种必需氨基酸含量为4.3731g/kg。以90日龄未取盲肠公鸡测定中的氨基酸真可利用率在84.65%-96.21%。以蛋鸡和肉仔鸡理想蛋白质为模型,计算氨基酸平衡性指数,表明饲用玉米是家禽的良好蛋白源。     

野生云南光唇鱼肌肉营养成分分析及品质评价

[目的]分析野生云南光唇鱼肌肉营养成分,并评价其品质,为进一步了解野生云南光唇鱼肌肉营养价值及更好地保护和开发利用提供参考依据.[方法]自乌江水系毕节段收集4龄繁殖前期的野生云南光唇鱼,活体取每尾鱼体脊柱两侧肌肉,分析测定其一般营养成分含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸的含量和组成,并进行营养价值评价.[结果]野生云南光唇鱼肌肉中水分含量为(78.46±1.11)%,粗蛋白含量为(17.33±0.13)%,粗脂肪含量为(2.07±0.07)%,粗灰分含量为(1.48±0.25)%;肌肉中共含有18种氨基酸,总量为(73.30±0.36)%,其中含有4种鲜味氨基酸(天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸),总量为(19.81±0.11)%,必需氨基酸总量与氨基酸总量比值(∑EAA/∑TAA)为46.97%,必需氨基酸总量与非必需氨基酸总量比值(∑EAA/∑NEAA)为88.58%;必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为70.63±0.39,苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸和色氨酸是决定和限制野生云南光唇鱼肌肉营养评价的关键氨基酸.肌肉中测出13种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸总量为(34.807±2.464)%,不饱和脂肪酸总量为(65.191±2.735)%.[结论]野生云南光唇鱼肌肉蛋白质含量高,氨基酸平衡效果好,营养价值高,既可食用又可作为功能保健成分予以开发利用.     

大豆含硫氨基酸生物合成途径及其关键酶基因研究进展

大豆属高蛋白豆类植物,对人体有着特殊的营养价值,但氨基酸含量不均衡,含硫氨基酸(Cys与Met)含量很少,影响大豆营养价值。传统的分子育种与基因工程法是目前主要用于提高大豆含硫氨基酸的方法。综述了植物含硫氨基酸的生物合成途径,以及途径中各个关键酶基因的研究进展,针对各个基因的不同研究情况,提出各种不同能够提高大豆含硫氨基酸的基因工程方法。     

贵州黔东南3种野生棘蛙肌肉的氨基酸组成与含量

为了解贵州黔东南棘蛙的肌肉营养价值,采用常规氨基酸分析方法测定黔东南棘胸蛙、棘侧蛙和棘腹蛙3种野生棘蛙肌肉的氨基酸组成与含量,并以鸡蛋蛋白质为标准蛋白,以WHO/FAO氨基酸参考模式为标准对其进行氨基酸营养评价。结果表明:黔东南3种野生棘蛙肌肉的氨基酸组成一致,其中含有苏氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸7种人体必需氨基酸,非必需氨基酸5种,天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸4种鲜味氨基酸。棘胸蛙、棘腹蛙和棘侧蛙肌肉中氨基酸总量分别为84.19%、87.43%和86.12%。必需氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的比值分别为39.79%、40.07%和39.06%,在蛙科动物中均属于较高水平。3种棘蛙肌肉中,均以谷氨酸的含量最高,天冬氨酸的含量次之,蛋氨酸含量最低。氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)表明,棘蛙肌肉中第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸。必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)显示,棘胸蛙为86.72、棘腹蛙为89.79、棘侧蛙为86.22。综合各项指标分析,贵州黔东南3种野生棘蛙具有较高的经济价值。     

肉鸡酵母水解物代谢能及氨基酸可利用率评定

【目的】 评定肉鸡对酵母水解物的表观代谢能、氮校正表观代谢能、回肠表观氨基酸消化率、标准回肠氨基酸消化率、全肠道表观氨基酸消化率,拟为酵母水解物在肉鸡饲粮中的广泛应用提供基础参数。【方法】 选择18 d、体重无差异的科宝白羽肉仔鸡160只,随机分成对照组和试验组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只试验鸡,公母各半。对照组饲喂以玉米淀粉、葡萄糖、纤维、大豆油配制的无氮日粮,试验组饲喂以酵母水解物为唯一粗蛋白质来源的半纯合日粮,对照组和试验组均添加0.5%的二氧化钛作为外源指示剂。试验期间自由采食,全收粪法收集试验鸡22—24 d粪便,并统计该期间肉鸡采食量,通过检测日粮以及粪便中总能、含氮量来计算酵母水解物表观代谢能值和氮校正表观代谢能值。粪便收集完后自由采食,26日龄麻醉剖解收集回肠后半段食靡,分别检测日粮、回肠食糜中氨基酸及二氧化钛含量,计算酵母水解物回肠表观氨基酸消化率、标准回肠氨基酸消化率、全肠道表观氨基酸消化率。【结果】 （1）酵母水解物总能值为18.19 MJ·kg ^-1,表观代谢能值为11.22 MJ·kg ^-1,氮校正表观代谢能为10.17 MJ·kg ^-1,其有效能值与普通豆粕相当。（2）酵母水解物粗蛋白质含量为41.7%,总氨基为36.97%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸之比为44﹕56,与普通豆粕接近;酵母水解物肉鸡限制性氨基酸依次为Met、Met+Cys、Arg、Leu、Ile、Phe+Tyr、Val、His、Lys、Thr、Trp,与豆粕差异较大。（3）酵母水解物回肠表观氨基酸消化率、标准回肠氨基酸消化率、全肠道表观氨基酸消化率均大于70%,肉鸡可利用限制性氨基酸依次为Met、Met+Cys、Arg、Leu、Ile、Thr、Phe+Tyr、His、lys、Val、Trp,蛋氨酸、精氨酸为第一、第二限制性可利用氨基酸,亮氨酸、异亮氨酸为第三、第四限制性可利用氨基酸,苏氨酸可利用较差,为第五限制性可利用氨酸,酵母水解物限制性氨基酸与豆粕差异较大。【结论】 酵母水解物是一种蛋白饲料原料,其蛋白质含量、有效能值与豆粕相当,但其氨基酸组成及氨基酸可利用率与豆粕存在较大差异。因此,酵母水解物在肉鸡日粮中应用,需要考虑补充不同氨基酸或者搭配不同蛋白质饲料来平衡氨基酸的需要。     

野生及人工养殖暗纹东方鲀肌肉营养成分的比较分析(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of Takifugu obscurus and provide the scientific basis for artificially feed research.[Method] The nutrient components and nutritive qualities in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were comparatively analyzed.[Result] The contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,total amino acids,essential amino acids and half essential amino acid in the muscle of wild Takifugu obscurus were all higher than those of the artificially reared.The content of four delicious amino acids in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus was 17.59% and 14.44%(percentage of dry weight),respectively.The essential amino acid index(EAAI)was 52 and 40 separately,and the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids met the FAO/WHO standard.Valine was the first limiting amino acid of Takifugu obscurus.[Conclusion] The muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were all high quality food full of animal protein,while the protein nutritive value of wild Takifugu obscurus was higher than that of the artificially reared.     

野生及人工养殖暗纹东方鲀肌肉营养成分的比较分析(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of Takifugu obscurus and provide the scientific basis for artificially feed research.[Method] The nutrient components and nutritive qualities in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were comparatively analyzed.[Result] The contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,total amino acids,essential amino acids and half essential amino acid in the muscle of wild Takifugu obscurus were all higher than those of the artificially reared.The content of four delicious amino acids in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus was 17.59% and 14.44%(percentage of dry weight),respectively.The essential amino acid index(EAAI)was 52 and 40 separately,and the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids met the FAO/WHO standard.Valine was the first limiting amino acid of Takifugu obscurus.[Conclusion] The muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were all high quality food full of animal protein,while the protein nutritive value of wild Takifugu obscurus was higher than that of the artificially reared.     

Evaluation of Apparent Metabolic Energy,Nitrogen Corrected Metabolic Energy,Biological Value of Protein and Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acid of Yeast Hydrolysate for Broilers

【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apparent metabolic energy, nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy, ileal apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate in broilers, so as to provide the reference for the wide application of yeast hydrolysate in broiler diets. 【Method】 A total of 160 Cobb white-feathered broilers at 18 days old with no difference in body weight were randomly divided into the control group and experimental group. There were 8 replicates in each group, and 10 chickens with half male and half female were in each replicate. The control group was fed a nitrogen-free diet consisting of corn starch, glucose, fiber and soybean oil, and the experimental group was fed a semi-homozygous diet using yeast hydrolysate as the sole crude protein source. Furthermore, the control group and the experimental group were fed with 0.5% titanium dioxide, respectively, as an exogenous indicator. During the whole experiment, free feeding was available for broilers, feces were collected on 22-24 days using total fecal collection method, and the feed intake of broilers was counted. Further, the apparent metabolic energy of yeast hydrolysate and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy were calculated by measuring the total energy and nitrogen content in both diets and feces of broilers. After26 days of experiment, the latter half of ileum was dissected under anesthesia, the chime was taken out, and the contents of amino acids and titanium dioxide in both diet and ileal chyme were measured to calculate the apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate. 【Result】 (1) The total energy value of yeast hydrolysate was 18.19 MJ·kg ^-1, the apparent metabolic energy value was 11.22 MJ·kg ^-1, and the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy was 10.17 MJ·kg ^-1. Effective energy was equivalent to that of common soybean meal. (2) Crude protein content of yeast hydrolysate was 41.7%, and total amino acid was 36.97%. The ratio of essential amino acid to dispensable amino acid was 44:56, which was close to that of common soybean meal. The limiting amino acids of yeast hydrolysate were Met, Met+Cys, Arg, Leu, Ile, Phe+Tyr, Val, His, lys, Thr and Trp, which were different from soybean meal. (3) The ileal apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate were all higher than 70%. The available limiting amino acids were Met, Met+Cys, Arg, Leu, Ile, Thr, Phe+Tyr, His, Lys, Val, and Trp. Methionine and arginine were the first and the second limiting amino acids, and leucine and isoleucine were the third and the fourth limiting amino acids, respectively. Threonine was poorly available, and was regarded as the fifth restrictive available amino acid. In addition, the limiting amino acids of yeast hydrolysate were quite different to soybean meal. 【Conclusion】 Yeast hydrolysate was a kind of protein feed material. Its protein content and effective energy value were similar to soybean meal, but its amino acid composition and availability were quite different to soybean meal. Therefore, in the application of yeast hydrolysate in broiler diet, it was necessary to consider the need of supplementing different amino acids or mixing different protein feeds to balance amino acids.     

Comparison of Nutrient Components in the Muscle of Wild and Artificially Reared Takifugu obscurus

[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of Takifugu obscurus and provide the scientific basis for artificially feed research.[Method] The nutrient components and nutritive qualities in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were comparatively analyzed.[Result] The contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,total amino acids,essential amino acids and half essential amino acid in the muscle of wild Takifugu obscurus were all higher than those of the artificially reared.The content of four delicious amino acids in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus was 17.59% and 14.44%(percentage of dry weight),respectively.The essential amino acid index(EAAI)was 52 and 40 separately,and the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids met the FAO/WHO standard.Valine was the first limiting amino acid of Takifugu obscurus.[Conclusion] The muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were all high quality food full of animal protein,while the protein nutritive value of wild Takifugu obscurus was higher than that of the artificially reared.     

家禽TD饲料可利用氨基酸含量测定

以凯氏定氮法测定土霉素药渣 (TD)的粗蛋白质为 4 4 4 .3g/ kg,用 Beckman12 1型氨基酸分析仪测定 TD的 18种氨基酸含量 (32 2 .5 8g/ kg)占粗蛋白质含量的 72 .6 0 % ,10种必需氨基酸含量达 16 3.84 g/ kg。以90日龄未取盲肠公鸡测定 TD中的氨基酸真可利用率在 85 .0 7%～ 96 .0 1% ,真可利用赖氨酸、真可利用蛋氨酸、真可利用苏氨酸含量分别是 16 .6 ,9.7,12 .7g/ kg,分别是大豆饼 (18.8,4 .9,12 .4 g/ kg)含量的 0 .88,1.98,1.0 2倍。以蛋鸡和肉仔鸡的理想蛋白质为模型 ,计算 TD的平衡性指数 ,结果表明 TD为家禽的良好蛋白源