不同杂交组合断奶羔羊体尺体重的比较分析

本试验对90日龄断奶的萨寒杂一代、道寒杂一代及小尾寒羊的羔羊体重及体尺指标进对行了差异性比较、相关分析和回归分析.结果表明,杂交羔羊在体重、管围、胸围、体长、胸深和胸宽方面均大于小尾寒羊羔羊(P<0.01);萨寒杂一代体重略高于道寒杂一代,但差异不显著(P>0.05);三品种羔羊的体重均与胸围有极显著的相关性(P<0.01).     

小尾寒羊、特克塞尔羊×小尾寒羊和杜泊×小尾寒羊杂一代羔羊生长发育研究

试验选用小尾寒羊的羔羊,特克塞尔（♂）与小尾寒羊（♀）杂一代(特寒),杜泊与小尾寒羊杂一代(杜寒)羔羊共计68只对其生长发育性能进行研究。结果表明,特寒,杜寒杂一代羔羊初生重较小尾寒羊分别提高19.76%和14.53%;3月龄断奶体重较小尾寒羊分别提高46.37%和44.13%;6月龄特寒、杜寒杂一代体重分别为49.0和48.7 kg。从出生到6月龄体尺测定结果表明特寒、杜寒杂一代与小尾寒羊相比,胸围、尻宽、体长、体高变化差异显著。     

小尾寒羊与青海藏系羊杂交改良试验

利用小尾寒羊与当地藏系羊进行杂交改良,杂一代初生重、1~5月龄体重显著高于藏系羔羊(P<0.05)。131日龄寒杂一代、藏系羔羊进行为期80天的舍饲育肥试验,寒杂一代的总增重、日增重及胴体重分别为13.39kg,167.38g和15.62kg,显著高于藏系羔羊(P<0.01);寒杂一代的屠宰率也有所提高。寒杂一代比藏系羔羊增收86.25元/只。     

东弗里生羊、杜泊羊与小尾寒羊杂交羔羊肌肉营养成分比较研究

纯种小尾寒羊、东寒杂一代羊及杜寒一代羊各5只在大群舍饲条件下育肥,满6月龄宰杀做肌肉营养成分分析。结果表明:杜寒杂一代羊肌肉脂肪含量极显著低于纯种小尾寒羊与东寒杂一代羊(P0.01),而东寒杂一代羊肌肉脂肪含量又极显著低于小尾寒羊(P0.01);东寒杂一代羊和杜寒杂一代羊肌肉铁含量均极显著高于小尾寒羊(P0.01),以杜寒杂一代羊为最高(167.02 mg/kg);东寒杂一代羊肌肉锰及锌含量极显著高于其他两组(P0.01);3组羊肌肉水分、蛋白质、灰分及总磷等均无显著差异(P0.05)。说明小尾寒羊经杂交后,其肌肉脂肪含量明显降低,矿物质中铁、锰及锌含量显著提高,蛋白质含量有所增加。     

陶寒与边寒杂交一代羔羊育肥试验

对无角陶赛特♂×小尾寒羊♀(陶寒F1)和边区莱斯特♂×小尾寒羊♀(边寒F1)杂交一代羔羊与纯种小尾寒羊羔羊进行育肥性能对比试验,结果表明:在60 d育肥期内,陶寒F1羔羊和边寒F1羔羊日增重较小尾寒羊提高54.49 g和43.81 g(P<0.01);陶寒F1和边寒F1 6月龄羔羊胴体重分别比小尾寒羊提高2.95 kg和2.17 kg(P<0.05);陶寒F1和边寒F1 6月龄屠宰率分别比小尾寒羊提高4.02%和3.53%(P<0.05);陶寒F1和边寒F1的骨肉比与小尾寒羊的骨肉比相比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

无角陶赛特×小尾寒羊杂交一代育肥试验

选择3月龄左右的无角陶赛特与小尾寒羊杂交一代羔羊12只,以相同月龄的12只小尾寒羊为对照,研究舍饲条件下,陶寒和小尾寒羊短期育肥的效果。结果表明,育肥末陶寒平均日增重显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05);陶寒在体长、胸围和管围上均显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05);从经济效益来看,陶寒组与小尾寒羊组相比,每只羔羊可多赢利57.60元。     

杜泊羊和小尾寒羊杂一代羔羊与小尾寒羊羔羊生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品品质的比较

本试验选用杜寒杂交一代羔羊(杜寒F1)与小尾寒羊羔羊各10只,研究同一饲养水平条件下,两者生产性能、屠宰性能及肉品品质的差异。试验结果表明:杜寒F1羔羊0～3月龄、3～6月龄平均日增重分别比小尾寒羊羔羊提高44.86%和38.58%(P<0.05);屠宰率和眼肌面积分别比小尾寒羊羔羊高出17.46%和19.93%(P<0.05);杜寒F1羔羊背最长肌肉中粗脂肪和钙的含量均显著高于小尾寒羊羔羊(P<0.05)。综合以上结果:杜寒F1羔羊的增重速度、屠宰性能产肉力和肉品品质均优于小尾寒羊,适合用作肥羔生产。     

肉用绵羊与小尾寒羊杂交羔羊屠宰试验

研究了德克赛尔、杜泊公羊与小尾寒羊母羊杂交羔羊屠宰产肉性能及皮张性能。结果表明:杜寒一代和德寒一代与小尾寒羊6月龄羔羊在体高、体长、胸深、坐骨宽、髋宽、尻长和腰角围方面均无显著差异,但在与产肉性能相关性比较高的体尺指标大腿围、胸围、胸宽、管围和腰角宽方面杂交后代均大于小尾寒羊;德寒一代和杜寒一代6月龄羔羊屠宰前重、胴体重、肉骨比、胴体GR值均和眼肌面积显著大于小尾寒羊(P0.05)。杂交后代各部位产肉性能好于小尾寒羊。杂交后代羔羊内脏器官重量与小尾寒羊没有太多差异,但心重和瘤胃重高于小尾寒羊。小尾寒羊皮子抗张强度、负荷伸长率、断裂伸长率和撕裂力均高于德寒一代和杜寒一代,但无显著差异(P0.05)。     

杜泊羊、小尾寒羊及其杂一代生产性能的测定

对杜泊羊,小尾寒羊及其杂一代羔羊的生产性能进行了测定。结果显示,杜寒杂一代的初生重较纯种杜泊羊和小尾寒羊分别提高了22.27%、34.03%(P<0.01)。其60日龄平均日增重小尾寒羊增加117g(P<0.01)。从出生到周岁的体尺测定结果表明,杜寒杂一代的胸围比纯种杜泊羔羊、比小尾寒羊羔羊分别提高了0.13cm、2.57cm,差异显著(P<0.05)。杜寒杂一代初产母羊的产羔率比纯种杜泊羊初产母羊的产羔率提高了36.32%。5月龄杜寒杂一代比同龄小尾寒羊的屠宰率高2.6%,净肉率提高10.93%。     

日粮营养水平和品种对羔羊育肥效果的影响

试验以小尾寒羊为母本,以夏洛莱羊、无角陶赛特羊和小尾寒羊为父本,研究了夏洛莱羊(♂)×小尾寒羊(♀)、无角陶赛特羊(♂)×小尾寒羊(♀)和小尾寒羊(♂)×小尾寒羊(♀)3个组合的F1饲喂不同蛋白水平饲粮后75日龄时羔羊的体重。结果表明:3个组合中,F1体型外貌均与其父本相似;饲喂高蛋白水平饲料的羔羊75日龄体重极显著高于饲喂低蛋白水平饲料的羔羊75日龄体重(P<0.01);夏寒杂交羊和陶寒杂交羊的75日龄体重均极显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.01),夏寒杂交羊的75日龄体重极显著高于陶寒杂交羊(P<0.01)。品种和饲料对75日龄体重也有交互作用(P<0.05)。     

美系杜洛克种猪体尺、体重测定与体型评定研究

统计分析了2001年引进的新美系杜洛克种猪及繁殖后代在6月龄、12月龄、24月龄和36月龄四个阶段的体尺、体重数据，结合品种特征、体型外貌总结研究出杜洛克种猪的百分制评分及等级标准。     

新太湖鹅与隆昌鹅、太湖鹅生长发育规律研究

选用隆昌鹅、太湖鹅和新太湖鹅 (隆昌鹅作父本 ,太湖鹅作母本所培育的后代 )各 60只 ,在粗放条件下饲养到 70日龄 ,测定了 3种鹅各周龄的体重及 2 ,4,6 ,8,10周龄的体尺 ,并用Richards生长曲线方程拟合了鹅的生长规律。结果证明 :太湖鹅前期生长早于隆昌鹅和新太湖鹅 ,在 4周龄左右为生长高峰 ,而隆昌鹅和新太湖鹅生长高峰周龄分别在 6周与 7周。新太湖鹅生长速度已基本接近隆昌鹅。 3种鹅随周龄增加 ,各周龄体重与 10周龄体重相关性增强。初生重与前期的生长相关性较强 ,与 10周龄体重相关系数较低。Richards生长曲线方程能很好地拟合鹅的生长发育规律 ,拟合精度 (R2 )均大于 0 9988。 6周龄是新太湖鹅骨骼、胸宽、胸深生长发育的旺盛期 ;在 6周龄前 ,太湖鹅体尺测定指标大于隆昌鹅与新太湖鹅 ,6周龄后则相反。     

消费异化的哲学反思

消费是人类为了自身的生存而不得不从事的物质实践活动。但是,随着人们征服自然和改造自然的能力不断增强,在个体本位思想意识的驱使下,人们为了炫耀自己的地位,满足自己的虚荣心而大肆进行挥霍性的消费,导致消费异化的产生。消费异化的实质是人自身本质的异化。个体主体的过分张扬是消费异化产生的根源,类主体的实现是消费异化解决的有效途径。     

槟榔江水牛生长发育规律分析

[目的]为了探讨槟榔江水牛的生长发育规律。[方法]分别测定槟榔水公牛(225)头,水母牛(446)头的体重、体尺,利用SAS 9.0软件对测定数据进行分析。采用试位法(DUD)进行迭代求解,作出生长曲线并进行分析。[结果]表明,在该公司饲养环境下,槟榔江水牛生长发育正常;生长发育阶段的体重和体尺相关性与性别有关,母牛体重与体尺最大相关度达到98%,而公牛最大相关度为74%;公犊的初生重显著高于母犊。[结论]提示在6～12月龄要加强公牛的营养,12月龄后加强对母牛的营养。     

丽江猪屠宰、胴体组成及肉质特性研究

丽江猪是近年在云南丽江新发现的猪种遗传资源,笔者对丽江猪的体型外貌、体尺、胴体组成及肉质性状等种质特性进行测定。结果：丽江猪公、母猪体重分别为（60.71±4.93） kg和（54.11±12.88） kg,体高分别为（65.72±6.11） cm和（64.66±6.10） cm,体长分别为（105.64±9.61） cm和（102.18±10.51） cm,眼肌面积分别为（24.13±6.08） cm2和（23.62±6.16） cm2,瘦肉率分别为（40.09±3.17）%和（41.71±5.05）%,失水率（19.50±5.03）%,粗脂肪（15.71±4.68）%,pH（6.18±0.13）,大理石纹（3.6±0.57）。丽江猪肉质各项指标均符合优质肉范畴,属于肉脂兼用型猪种,且含有丰富的脂肪酸,具有较高食用价值。     

美系短角肉种牛生长发育性能测定

[目的]为了确保美系短角牛选育及推广利用工作顺利进行。[方法]对云南省种羊场扩繁选育的全日制放牧条件下短角牛进行体重、体尺测定。采用牛体重、体尺测定的常规方法,分别测定初生、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄、24月龄、36月龄和成年等不同发育阶段公母牛的体重和体尺。[结果]短角牛种公牛有两个增重高峰,分别是从初生到6月龄和从36月龄到成年;而短角牛母牛的增重从初生到12月龄增重为最快,以后的增重速度变慢。成年公牛体重821.56±62.67kg,体高143.44±5.00cm,体斜长172.89±7.85cm,胸围207.50±7.98cm;母牛分别为543.14±45.20kg,135.34±4.56cm,160.59±7.90cm和187.96±7.20cm。[结论]美系短角牛在云南省种羊场生长发育良好,具备了一定的供种能力。     

不同断奶日龄对奶公犊生长性能和体尺指标的影响

30头新生荷斯坦奶公犊出生日期和体重相近,随机分成6组,对照组按常规饲喂鲜牛奶,60日龄断奶;各试验组分别于10、20、30、40和50日龄断奶,试验期为60d。结果表明:试验结束时,20日龄断奶组、30日龄断奶组的体重、平均日增重均显著高于对照组,40日龄断奶组、50日龄断奶组与对照组间无明显差异;各试验组犊牛与对照组在体长和体斜长上无显著差异。     

Assessment of body fat in the pony: part I. Relationships between the anatomical distribution of adipose tissue, body composition and body condition

Reasons for performing study: Evaluation of equine body fat content is important for nutritional and clinical purposes. However, our understanding of total body fat and its regional distribution in the body is sparse. Currently, body fat evaluation relies on the subjective assessment of body condition score (BCS), which has never been validated against ‘gold standard’ chemical analysis or dissection measurements in ponies. Objectives: To define the relationships between subjective (BCS), objective (morphometric) indices of body fat and ‘gold standard’ measurements of actual body composition. Hypotheses: BCS and morphometry offer valid, noninvasive methods for determination of body fat in equids. Methods: Seven mature (mean ± s.e. 13 ± 3 years, 212 ± 14 kg, BCS 1.25–7/9), Welsh Mountain pony mares, destined for euthanasia (for nonresearch purposes), were used. For all ponies, body mass (BM), BCS and various morphometric measurements were recorded. Following euthanasia, all ponies were systematically dissected. Discrete white adipose tissue (WAT) depots were independently described. Gross, body chemical composition was determined by proximate analyses. Results: Total somatic soft tissues increased linearly (r²= 1.00), whereas body WAT content (1–26% live BM) increased exponentially (r²= 0.96), with BCS. WAT was equally distributed between internal and external sites in all animals irrespective of BCS. Nuchal fat was a poor predictor of total WAT (r²= 0.66). Periorbital WAT did not alter with BCS (r²= 0.01). Heart girth:withers height and ultrasonic retroperitoneal fat depth were closely associated with total, chemically‐extracted lipid which comprised 1–29% live BM (r²= 0.91 and 0.88, respectively). Conclusions and potential relevance: The exponential relationship between BCS and total body WAT/lipid suggests that BCS is unlikely to be a sensitive index of body fat for animals in moderate‐obese states. Morphometric measurements (body girths and retroperitonel fat depth) may be useful to augment subjective BCS systems.     

不同日龄皖南黑猪体重及体尺变化的研究

对皖南黑猪初生、20、30、60和90日龄的体重和体尺进行测定。统计分析结果表明,皖南黑猪的平均日增重随着日龄的增长而提高,30日龄时头长指标与体重呈显著相关,相关系数为0.852,20、30日龄时胸围指标与体重呈极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.896和0.903,以上指标可以考虑作为留种的依据。     

Polyurethane Adhesive Ingestion

Polyurethane adhesives are found in a large number of household products in the United States and are used for a variety of purposes. Several brands of these expanding wood glues (those containing diphenylmethane diisocyanate [MDI]) have the potential to form gastrointestinal (GI) foreign bodies if ingested. The ingested adhesive forms an expanding ball of glue in the esophagus and gastric lumen. This expansion is caused by a polymerization reaction using the heat, water, and gastric acids of the stomach. A firm mass is created that can be 4-8 times its original volume. As little as 2 oz of glue have been reported to develop gastric foreign bodies. The obstructive mass is reported to form within minutes of ingestion of the adhesive. The foreign body can lead to esophageal impaction and obstruction, airway obstruction, gastric outflow obstruction, mucosal hemorrhage, ulceration, laceration, perforation of the esophageal and gastric linings, and death. Clinical signs following ingestion include anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, tachypnea, and abdominal distention and pain, and typically develop within 12 hours. Clinical signs may depend upon the size of the mass. If left untreated, perforation and rupture of the esophagus or stomach can occur. The glue mass does not stick to the GI mucosa and is not always detectable on abdominal palpation. Radiographs are recommended to confirm the presence of the “glue-ball” foreign body, and radiographic evidence of the obstruction may be seen as early as 4-6 hours following ingestion. Emesis is contraindicated owing to the risk of aspiration of the glue into the respiratory tree or the subsequent lodging of the expanding glue mass in the esophagus. Likewise, efforts to dilute the glue and prevent the formation of the foreign body through administration of liquids, activated charcoal, or bulk-forming products to push the foreign body through the GI tract have proven ineffective. Even endoscopy performed to remove the foreign body has been shown to be unreliable. The safest, most effective, and successful therapy is surgical intervention to remove the GI foreign body. If performed early enough, complete recovery of the animal can be expected. Differential diagnoses for polyurethane adhesive ingestion include any potential cause of GI obstruction. The public is largely unaware of the hazards that ingestion of this product may produce. Public education efforts are needed to inform pet owners about the hazards of these glues and the overall importance of providing our companion animals with safe, poison-free environments.