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1.
    
A multi-strata agroforestry system is mentioned as the most promising option for the sustainable agricultural in infertile upland soils of Central Amazonia. However, studies showed that the sustainability of this land use does not exist. The aim of this work was to evaluate the soil fertility and nutritional state of native Amazon plant species cultivated in a Xanthic Ferralsol (dystrophic Yellow Latosol) in an agroforestry system. The experimental area consisted of four plots of 0.25 hectares each. Native plants of the Amazonian region were used, five of them timber species – Hevea brasiliensis (rubber), Ceiba pentandra (kapok), Jacaranda copaia (jacaranda), Buchenavia huber (cuiarana) and Trattinicka burserifolia (breu); two palm species – Bactris gasipaes (peach palm) and Euterpe oleracea (assai); and five fruit-bearing species – Rollinia mucosa (biriba), Theobroma cacao (cacao), Theobroma grandiflorum (cupuassu), Couma sorbilis (sorva) and Myrciaria dubia (camu-camu). The results showed that plants from the same ecosystem with tolerance to acid soils and poor nutrient contents differ in their nutrient uptake efficiency and nutritional requirements, indicating limits on the species combinations that can be used in agroforestry systems of an upland soil of Central Amazonian.  相似文献   

2.
Two Ca‐efficient and 3 Ca‐inefficient tomato strains were grown for 18 days in nutrient solutions with NH4‐N:NO3‐N ratios (%) of 0:100, 50:50, or 90:10 and with 40 mg of total Ca++. When NH4‐N nutrition was used, efficient strains exhibited Ca‐deficiency symptoms sooner or produced less dry matter than inefficient strains. The greatest reductions in dry weight production occurred between 50 and 90% NH4‐N nutrition. The greatest reduction in solution pH and in % of Ca in plant tissues occurred between 0 and 50% NH4‐N nutrition. Ratings of Ca efficiency varied according to the proportion of NH4‐N in the nutrient solutions.  相似文献   

3.
    
Aspects related to micronutrients management are still poorly studied and need to be clarified to guarantee sustainable production. In this way, the study aimed to evaluate boron (B) fertilization effects on nutrition and production of common beans. The parameters measured were relative chlorophyll index, dry mass, boron transport, utilization and absorption efficiencies, B content, and B accumulation in plant tissues. The study showed that the dry mass production was negatively affected by B application, with linear dry mass decrease following the increase of B doses. Accordingly, it was found that the common bean cultivar Esplendor presented high absorption capacity of boron, and can reach 175 mg kg?1. However, the high absorption caused phytotoxicity and reduced dry matter production by up to 30%, reflecting the efficiency of boron use by the plant, which was reduced in up to 75%.  相似文献   

4.
【目的】 优化氮肥用量和基追比例是实现氮肥减施和提高肥料利用率的重要途径。本研究在南方典型双季稻种植区进行定位试验,通过对土壤肥力与氮素农学效益进行综合评价,以期提出适合当地土壤和水稻种植条件的氮肥减施模式。 【方法】 以南方典型红壤区双季稻种植体系为研究对象,于 2014~2015 连续进行了 4 季大田定位试验,设处理:1) 不施氮肥 (T1);2) 当地农民习惯施氮 (T2),早稻、晚稻各施 N 165 和 195 kg/hm2,基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥比分别为 60∶40∶0、40∶30∶30;3) 在 T2 处理基础上减施氮肥 20% (T3),即早稻施 N 135 kg/hm2,晚稻施 N 165 kg/hm2,基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥比均为 40∶30∶30,并以 20% 有机氮代替普通化肥氮。分析了成熟期水稻产量和植物样氮素含量,测定了 0—20 cm土壤微生物量碳、氮含量,土壤 pH、有机质、全氮、速效钾和有效磷等理化指标,计算了累计氮肥利用率和氮肥农学效率,分别利用内梅罗指数法和灰色关联度法综合评价了土壤肥力效应以及各施肥模式的综合效益。 【结果】 1) 各处理土壤综合肥力指数 (IFI) 值由高到低为 T3 > T2 > T1;与 T2 处理相比,优化氮肥用量和基追比例的 T3 处理 IFI 值提高 2.34%,土壤微生物量碳含量提高了 4.37%~25.39%,土壤微生物量氮含量提高了 17.85%~29.24% (P < 0.05)。2) 与 T2 处理相比,2014–2015 年 T3 处理累计氮肥农学效率显著提高了 29.66% (P < 0.05),累计氮肥表观利用率显著提高了 28.82% (P < 0.05);2014 年各处理水稻总产量无显著差异,2015 年水稻总产量 T3 处理比 T2 处理提高了 5.26%,两年水稻总产量,T3 处理提高了 2.38%。3) 对土壤养分指标、土壤微生物指标和氮素农学效率指标进行关联度分析,2014~2015 年 T3 处理关联度最大,分别为 0.9999 和 1.0000,在土壤肥力和氮肥农学效应综合评价中最优,表明优化氮肥用量和基追比例能够实现氮肥减施以及肥料利用率的提高。 【结论】 在当地农民习惯施氮的基础上减施 20% 化肥氮,以有机氮替代,并适当提高化肥氮在抽穗期的比例,能够保证土壤综合肥力的可持续性、氮素养分持续高效利用和水稻持续稳产。   相似文献   

5.
Boron (B) is known to play important roles in the structures of cell walls and membranes and in the integrity and functions of membranes in plants. Under the conditions in the central Amazon region, there are few studies about this nutrient. In Brazilian soils, the hot-water B extraction method has been extensively used for evaluation of soil B status. However, difficulties with this method result in poor accuracy and precision of extraction of available B in soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield, foliar concentration, and efficiency of B extracting solutions and the effect of B fertilization on B uptake in banana (Musa spp.) leaves and fruits, subgroup Cavendish (AAA), cultivated in a Xanthic Ferralsol (dystrophic Yellow Latosol) located in Amazonas State, Brazil. The experimental design was a completely randomized split plot, with four B rates (0, 4, 8, and 12 kg ha?1), two harvest cycles (subtreatments), and four replicates. Available B was determined with seven extractant solutions: Mehlich 1, Mehlich 3, hot water, hydrochloric acid (HCl) 0.05 mol L?1, HCl 0.1 mol L?1, HCl 5.0 mol L?1, and potassium chloride (KCl 1.0 mol L?1). The application of B fertilizer increased the yield and B concentration in leaves and fruits. Hot water and KCl 1.0 mol L?1 were the most efficient extracting solutions for the determination of available B in soil. The application of 3.4 kg B ha?1 in the first cycle and 1.3 kg B ha?1 in the second cycle guarantees an adequate nutritional status in banana plants.  相似文献   

6.
    
The use of cultivar with nutrient-use efficiency is an important strategy in the management of plant nutritional status, particularly potassium (K), because its high demand and the progressive impoverishment caused by the use of inadequate amounts cause frequent deficiency symptoms observed in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] crops. This study was conducted in greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design with four replicates in an Typic Quartzipsamment soil aimed to assess the effect of applying two rates of K (50 and 200 mg kg?1) on growth, shoot dry weight yield (SDWY) and seed yield (SY), nutritional status, yield components, and efficiency of K use in eleven cultivars of different characteristics and growth habits. The SDWY, SY, number of seeds per pod, number of pods, and estimated 100-seed weight showed significant interaction between cultivar and the K rates, with greater values at the rate 200 mg K kg?1. Similarly, the concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), K, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in leaves and grains varied according to the K rates and in the cultivar. The most K-use efficient cultivars were BMX Magna RR, BRS 232, BRS 284, BRS 294RR, NA 5909RR, and Vmax RR, whereas FTS Campo Mourão RR was inefficient. Regarding response to fertilization, the cultivars Vmax RR, BMX Magna RR, NA 5909RR, BRS 284, and BRS 294RR were found to be efficient and responsive, whereas the cultivar FTS Campo Mourão RR, BRS 232, BMX Potência RR, BRS 295RR, TMG 1066RR, and TMG 1067RR are inefficient and responsive to K application in the soil.  相似文献   

7.
    
ABSTRACT

Potassium (K) is closely associated to the improvement of sugarcane quality, acting in the conversion of reducing sugar (RS) to recoverable sugars (TRS). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of K-fertilization on the yield and technological quality of sugarcane ratoons grown under edaphoclimatic conditions in the Brazilian central region. The experiment was carried out using the sugarcane variety CTC-4, in a Distrofic Latosols, medium texture (270 g clay kg?1). The study was arranged in a randomized complete block design, with five treatments (0; 50; 100; 150 and 200 kg K2O ha?1), and five replicates. Potassium content in soil and plant, biometric variables, stalk yield and the technological quality at harvest were evaluated. The 200 kg ha?1 dose increased the K content in 160, 156, 56 and 3% in 0–0.20 and 0.20–0.40 m layers at 180 and 360 days after budding (DAB), respectively, promoting greater absorption of the nutrient by plants (X ? = 15.22 g kg?1). The higher potassium absorption reflected in yield gains, with an increasing of 7.9%, compared to the control treatment, yielding 100.37 t ha?1. However, soil K fertilization did not affect the technological quality of the sugarcane ratoon.

Abbreviations: K: potassium; RS: reducing sugars; TRS: recoverable sugars; DAB: days after budding; SB: Sum of Bases; CEC: Cation Exchange Capacity; V: Saturation Base; Kcl: potassium chloride; AWC: Available water capacity; PC: Pol percent in sugarcane; Brix: total soluble solids; dRYL: Dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol; eRYA: Eutrophic Red Yellow Argisol.  相似文献   

8.
目的针对土壤肥力对玉米灌浆期籽粒营养品质组分调控规律不明确的问题,研究玉米籽粒营养物质积累、产量及其对土壤肥力水平的响应,旨在为玉米高产高效绿色栽培提供理论依据。方法基于始于2018年的耕作方式定位试验 (共9个处理,27个小区),于2020—2021年采样分析了不同耕作方式处理的土壤养分含量,计算了肥力综合值,将所有处理下的小区土壤进行高、中、低聚类。在玉米吐丝后20、40、60 天(生理成熟期),采样分析籽粒中的总淀粉、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量,成熟期调查了玉米产量、产量构成因素,研究不同土壤肥力水平对吐丝后(即籽粒灌浆过程中)玉米籽粒的营养品质组分和产量的影响。结果深松秸秆粉碎全量混拌还田和深翻秸秆粉碎全量还田两种耕作方式的土壤两年均处于高肥力水平。2020年,土壤低肥力水平的耕作方式包括免耕、推茬清垄条深旋、浅旋,土壤中肥力水平的耕作方式包括深松、深翻、免耕秸秆粉碎全量覆盖还田、推茬清垄条深旋秸秆还田。2021年,土壤低肥力水平的耕作方式仅为浅旋耕作,其余耕作方式为土壤中肥力水平。各土壤肥力水平间籽粒粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量的变幅在花后40~60天差异最大,总淀粉含量的变幅在花后20天差异最大,可溶性总糖含量的变幅在花后20~40天差异最大。与低土壤肥力相比,高土壤肥力下两年花后40天至60天的籽粒粗蛋白含量的降幅分别显著增加29.85%~34.64%,籽粒粗脂肪的增量显著降低28.07%~54.01%,花后20天的籽粒总淀粉含量显著增加5.98%~8.95%,花后20天至40天的籽粒可溶性总糖含量的降幅显著增加14.63%~25.34%。土壤肥力的提升可显著改变生理成熟期玉米籽粒的营养物质含量。与低土壤肥力相比,高土壤肥力下生理成熟期的籽粒总淀粉含量增加1.44%~2.43%,籽粒粗脂肪含量增加3.81%~4.10%,籽粒可溶性总糖含量降低12.48%~18.55%,百粒重显著增加1.87%~2.97%。提高土壤肥力通过影响百粒重显著增加玉米产量,与低土壤肥力相比,高土壤肥力下的产量增加6.55%~9.39%。结论适宜的耕作方式可以明显提高土壤肥力,且以深松秸秆粉碎全量混拌还田和深翻秸秆粉碎全量还田的效果最佳。土壤肥力的提高可影响玉米籽粒灌浆阶段内各营养物质的积累与转化,进而调控生理成熟期的各营养品质组分的含量。对比低土壤肥力,高土壤肥力通过影响玉米灌浆期籽粒总淀粉和粗脂肪的积累,进而增加生理成熟期籽粒粗脂肪和总淀粉含量,同时显著提高玉米百粒重和产量。  相似文献   

9.
    
Expansion of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivated in Brazil to regions with low fertility soils gave rise to studies on the possibility of obtaining highly productive cultivars with high nutrient use efficiency. An experiment in greenhouse conditions was conducted to assess phosphorus (P) use efficiency (PUE) by 13 soybean genotypes. The genotypes were grown in an Ustoxix Quartzipsamment with two P rates [0 (no P application) and 150 mg P kg?1], whose source was monoammonium phosphate (MAP, P2O5 44%). Shoot dry weight (SDW), grain yield (GY), grain harvest index (GHI), relative yield (RY), and physiological components (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, respiratory rate, and internal CO2 concentration) were influenced by soybean genotypes and P rates. Genotypes BMX Apolo RR, BRS 360RR, BRS 378RR, CD 219RR, DM 2302RR, TMG 7161RR, and Vtop RR were classified as non-efficient and non-responsive to P application, while BMX Potência RR, Vmax RR, FPS Solar RR, NA 5909RR, TMG 1066RR, and M 6210 IPRO were classified as efficient and responsive. Phosphorus application increased the values of physiological components, which was not observed for N, K, Ca, Mg, and S concentration in the leaves and grains. Soybean genotypes selection for increased P efficiency could help growers overcome the problem of soybean cultivation on new areas or degraded pastures.  相似文献   

10.
    
Abstract

The experiment was conducted at Kulumsa, South East Ethiopia, using four levels of nitrogen (N) (0, 50,100 and 150?kg N ha?1) and four levels of phosphorus (P) (0, 35, 70 and 105?kg P2O5 ha?1) fertilizers arranged in 4?×?4 factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. The available P was increased after harvest due to the application of N and P fertilizer at the rates of 100 or 150?kg N ha?1 and 70 or 105?kg P2O5 ha?1. More specifically, nutrients concentration and nutrient uptake were significantly (p?<?.01) varied among treatment combinations and nutrient use efficiency was declined by increasing N and P after optimum rates. The higher physiological efficiency of N (53.47?kg kg?1) and P (580.41?kg kg?1) and the highest apparent recovery of N (19.62%) and P (2.47%) was recorded from application of 50?kg N ha?1 and P at 70?kg P2O5 ha?1 and the highest agronomic efficiency of N (10.78?kg kg?1) and P (15.25?kg kg?1) was recorded from N at the rate of 50?kg N ha?1 and P at 35?kg P2O5 ha?1, respectively. The combination of N at 100?kg N ha?1 and P at 70?kg P2O5 ha?1 was promising combination that generated highest net benefit 488,878.5 ETB (Ethiopian birr) ha?1 with the highest marginal rate of return (36638%) and gave the highest seed yield (1858.82?kg ha?1) with yield increment of about 57.72% over the control.  相似文献   

11.
阐述了吉林省半干旱地区种植机械化生产工艺改革的依据与特点,介绍了耕整地联合作业机和镇压式抗旱播种机性能与结构设计的原则和成果,并报导了施肥对播种出苗的影响、深松与镇压对种床土壤墒情的影响等。  相似文献   

12.
探讨不同有机物施用对土壤肥力与作物养分吸收利用的影响,以达到农田培肥和提升作物养分利用效率的目的。2015年在江西省红壤研究所布置田间施肥试验,设置不施肥(CK)、常量化肥(CF)、减量化肥(RF)、全量化肥配施秸秆(CFR)、减量化肥配施秸秆(RFR)、全量化肥配施生物黑炭(CFB)、减量化肥配施生物黑炭(RFB)、减量化肥配施猪粪(RFP)、减量化肥配施蚓粪(RFV)9种不同施肥处理,研究全量化肥和减施40%化肥条件下配施不同有机物对土壤肥力及作物养分利用效率的影响。结果表明:施用有机物的各处理油菜籽粒和红薯产量较CF处理都有所增加,其中以RFP和RFV处理增产效果最为显著,其增幅分别为76.69%,75.01%和84.73%,69.72%;有机物的施用提升了土壤中有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾含量,在连续施肥下,土壤养分水平进一步提升;在红薯和油菜季,不论全量化肥还是减量40%化肥,配施有机物处理相比CF处理均不同程度提高了氮肥、钾肥的表观利用率和偏生产力,其中红薯季RFP处理提升效果最佳,分别达到43.22%,48.55%和22.00,21.45kg/kg,但其磷肥表观利用率和磷肥偏生产力较低,仅为1.91%和3.25kg/kg;油菜季RFV处理的肥料贡献率最高,达到80.41%,但其农学效率较低,为0.67kg/kg。因此,有机物的施用可以达到土壤培肥、增加作物产量和提高作物肥料养分利用率的目的,对于农业生产有重要意义。  相似文献   

13.
杉木林改造前后的土壤肥力对比分析及综合评价   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5  
基于福寿林场3个龄组杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)生态公益林9块固定样地的实测数据,选用土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、土壤容重和pH值8个指标对杉木林改造前后的土壤肥力进行了对比分析,并基于乘除法原理提出了土壤肥力综合评价指数和评价等级。结果表明:与改造前相比,改造后3个龄组杉木生态公益林0~20 cm表层土壤的有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量都有不同程度的提高,且杉木幼、中林提高程度更明显,改造后的杉木幼、中龄林的土壤容重略有下降,pH值略有增加,但杉木近熟林的土壤容重和pH值基本保持没变。说明补植了阔叶树种栾树(Koelreuteria bipinnata)和马褂木(Liriodendron tulipifera)的杉木幼龄林和补植了阔叶树种栾树、马褂木和深山含笑(Michelia maudiae)的杉木中龄林土壤质量的改善程度明显优于在林下补植了红豆杉(Taxus chinensis)的杉木近熟林,通过树种结构调整改造后的3个龄组杉木林土壤肥力综合评价指数值也有不同程度的提高,土壤肥力质量从差变为较差。相比传统的土壤肥力综合评价指标,本文提出的土壤肥力综合评价指数不需要计算指标权重,计算量小,而且可以根据不同的土壤系统,对模型参数的个数适当增减,适用性较强。  相似文献   

14.
为探究不同施肥措施对喀斯特茶园土壤及茶叶产量和品质的影响,建立合理的施肥模式。选择贵州省毕节市喀斯特地区集中连片茶园进行田间试验,设置对照(CK)和4种不同施肥措施:单施菜籽饼肥(T1);单施生物菌肥(T2);单施有机肥(T3);间作绿肥白三叶(T4)。研究不同施肥措施对土壤养分、土壤酶活性及茶叶产量、矿质元素、品质指标的影响。与CK相比,各处理中土壤养分提高最大的分别是T1中交换性钙(3.46 cmol/kg),T2中pH(5.92)、全磷(0.85 g/kg)、全钾(10.10 g/kg)、有效锰(37.35 mg/kg)、有效铜(3.31 mg/kg)、交换性镁(0.60 mg/kg),T3中有机质(60.54 g/kg)、全氮(3.91 g/kg)、碱解氮(286.75 mg/kg)、有效磷(8.50 mg/kg)、速效钾(126.58 mg/kg)、有效铁(4.65 mg/kg),T2和T3对土壤养分的提升效果较好。各处理中土壤酶活性提高最大的分别是T3中脲酶[1.05 mg/(g·d)]、酸性磷酸酶[7.18 mg/(g·d)],T4中过氧化氢酶(3.03 mL/g),T1中蔗糖酶[53.51 mg/(g·d)],各处理对过氧化氢酶的影响不显著。各处理中茶叶产量提高最大的是T3(1907 kg/hm2);茶叶矿质元素提高最大的分别是T3中N(20.14 g/kg)、P(3.15 g/kg)、Mg(0.97 g/kg)、Mn(478.47 mg/kg)、Cu(12.04 mg/kg),T2中K(22.06 g/kg)、Ca(1.53 g/kg)、Al(8.56 g/kg)、Fe(352.72 mg/kg)、Zn(43.60 mg/kg);茶叶品质提高最大的分别是T3中氨基酸(14.40 mg/kg)、咖啡碱(24.78 mg/kg)、水浸出物(40.40%)、儿茶素(546.60 g/kg),T2中茶多酚(131.1 mg/kg)。4种施肥措施均在一定程度上提升了土壤肥力和茶叶品质,单施生物菌肥和有机肥对土壤养分和茶叶矿质元素的提升效果较好,单施有机肥对茶园土壤酶活性和茶叶产量及品质提升效果最佳,生物菌肥次之。土壤的有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和磷酸酶含量与大部分茶叶营养指标呈显著正相关。主成分分析共提取出4个主成分,不同施肥处理效益的综合评价排序为单施有机肥>单施生物菌肥>单施菜籽饼肥>单施绿肥白三叶。  相似文献   

15.
为了解不同生态区核桃林地肥水管理现状和土壤肥力特征的差异,选择山东省山地、山前平原和平原3个生态区的典型核桃生产园进行肥水管理状况调查和土壤肥力评价.结果表明:(1)山地核桃灌水和施肥的农户占比分别为16.7%和29.2%,低于山前平原和平原区,管理粗放;施用化学肥料和有机肥料的农户占比山前平原分别为67.0%、56....  相似文献   

16.
The aim of this study was to verify if the application of silicate or lime, in association with gypsum, on sugarcane residue can lead to amendment of subsurface soil acidity, increasing sugarcane yield and profitability. The treatments were: 1 – control (without application of amendments), 2 – gypsum, 3 – dolomitic limestone, 4 – silicate, 5 – dolomitic limestone + gypsum, and 6 – silicate + gypsum. The surface application of gypsum led to reduction in Al (aluminum) contents and Al saturation, and increase in Mg+2, Ca+2, K+, S–SO4?, and base saturation in deeper soil layers, as well as increased yield of stalks, sugar, trash, bagasse, and energy, and greater profit. The application of limestone and silicate, alone or in association with gypsum, amend soil acidity throughout the soil profile. It likewise leads to an increase in stalk, sugar, trash, bagasse, and energy yield, however, application of silicate in association with gypsum leads to the greatest profitability.  相似文献   

17.
研究东北典型县域稻田不同肥力土壤剖面特征,阐明东北典型县域高肥力土壤的特征及中、低肥力土壤的关键障碍因素,为进一步提升该区域稻田肥力和水稻产量提供科学依据。在黑龙江省方正县7个乡镇采集了9个稻田不同肥力土壤剖面样,测定了耕层和犁底层厚度、土壤容重、pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、硫离子(S2-)、锰离子(Mn2+)、阳离子交换量(CEC)、团聚体组分、微生物量碳/氮等指标,进行土壤综合肥力评价以及水稻产量与各土壤肥力指标的逐步回归分析,探究肥力差异的主控因子。结果表明,稻田不同肥力土壤剖面有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、CEC、Mn2+含量随剖面土层深度增加逐渐降低,且均表现为高肥力土壤>中肥力土壤>低肥力土壤。方正县高肥力土壤(产量大于10000 kg/hm2)耕作层厚,容重低,耕作层有机质含量丰富,全氮含量高,全磷含量中等,且犁底层有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量高。中肥力土壤(产量介于7500~10000 kg/hm2)耕作层有机质含量高,全氮含量中等,全磷含量低。低肥力土壤(产量介于5500~7500 kg/hm2)耕作层薄,土壤S2-含量高,其他养分含量均低于高肥力土壤。高、中、低肥力土壤有效磷和速效钾养分达到丰富水平。高肥力土壤与中肥力土壤耕作层有机质、全氮、碱解氮、微生物量碳、0.25~0.053 mm团聚体含量和Mn2+差异显著,中肥力土壤与低肥力土壤耕作层除全磷和阳离子交换量外,其他指标无显著差异。高、中、低肥力土壤耕作层和犁底层土壤综合肥力指数分别为0.70和0.83、0.42和0.49、0.21和0.26。水稻产量与各土壤肥力指标的逐步回归分析表明,有机碳和全磷对产量的影响最大,耕作层微生物量氮和pH以及犁底层有效磷和全钾对产量影响较小。耕作层土壤有机碳和全磷对产量的影响最大,中、低肥力土壤有机碳和全磷养分供应不充足,全氮和碱解氮含量中等,低肥力土壤耕作层薄,因此,中、低肥力土壤建议采用增施有机肥和磷肥等措施,同时加强改良和培肥管理,以实现高肥力土壤的产量目标。  相似文献   

18.
孙波  张桃林  赵其国 《土壤学报》1999,36(2):203-217
本文着重探讨红粘土红壤化学和生物学肥力在利用过程中的演化特征,并通过聚类分析筛选出评价红壤化学和化学肥力演化的指标,并进行了相应的评价。结果表明:红粘土红壤的要草地及荒地系统由于长期受侵淋溶等退化过程的影响,土壤养分水平已跌至“保底”值.垦殖利用后,其化学肥力随着耕垦熟化过程不断提高,表现为土壤中各种速效养分及交换性Ca、Mg含量均增加,而交换性A1含量降低。同样,林草地系统红粘土红壤的生长学肥力  相似文献   

19.
宁南山区不同建设年限梯田土壤肥力变化规律研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对国家农业综合开发水土保持项目宁夏项目区6个重点小流域坡改梯工程实施后不同建设年限的梯田土壤肥力进行了为期4年的定点跟踪监测研究,结果表明,坡改梯初期土壤肥力与修建前相比有所降低,经过3~5年的合理培肥和土壤肥力的逐步恢复,不同建设年限梯田土壤肥力的年度变化大体上呈现出逐渐提高的趋势,在梯田修建第5~7年土壤肥力各项指标达到最高,但修建第8年时土壤肥力出现了下降趋势。建议政府相关部门继续加大梯田建设力度,重视梯田修建后的培肥与改良,为宁南山区作物高产、稳产提供有力保障。  相似文献   

20.
甘肃兴隆山自然保护区森林演替对土壤肥力影响的评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以黄土高原半干旱区森林群落为研究对象,从土壤物理、化学和生物化学因子出发,利用模糊数学和因子分析方法对甘肃兴隆山植物群落演替过程土壤肥力的变化特征进行了综合评价。结果表明:4类林分土壤综合质量由高到低依次是落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林、灌木林、针叶林。证明随着森林群落演替进展,土壤肥力呈降低趋势。解决当前该区针叶林土壤退化的主要措施是利用人为干扰来控制生态演替,以维持地力平衡和提高林地生产力。  相似文献   

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