The role of wildlife tourism in conservation of endangered species: Implications of safari tourism for conservation of the Arctic fox in Sweden

There are both positive and negative impacts on wildlife associated with wildlife tourism. In Sweden, the endangered Arctic fox is subject to a growing tourist interest. In the Helags mountain region there are guided Arctic fox safari tours that provide visitors with information about the Arctic fox. A survey of five separate groups of visitors in the region revealed that knowledge about the status of Arctic foxes and awareness of the behavioral guidelines for Arctic fox encounters improved after participation in a safari tour and with increasing Arctic fox interaction. We propose a schematic model summarizing the diverse ways in which wildlife tourism affects wildlife and their relative importance for conservation. The Arctic fox population in Sweden is small and sensitive to disturbance, but the positive impacts of Arctic fox tourism seem to compensate for the negative and contribute to their conservation under the current level of tourism pressure.     

气候对北极狐繁殖力影响的分析

为了探讨１９９８年商州市北极狐繁殖力明显降低的原因,根据对商州市郊８个养狐场北极狐繁殖情况的调查和商洛地区气象局提供的气象资料,分析了日照、温度及空气相对湿度等气候因素对北极狐繁殖力的影响,为今后制订预防措施提供了依据。     

芬兰北极狐混合饲料组成及营养水平

介绍 2 0 0 0年芬兰北极狐混合饲料组成及其蛋白质、能量和干物质的营养水平 ,结合国内北极狐饲养状况提出改进性建议。     

应用虫克丁防治北极狐食毛症的研究

本文对虫克丁防治北极狐食毛症和自咬症的效果进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,虫克丁可以防治狐食毛症而不能防治自咬症。     

蓝狐人工授精及精液冷冻技术研究与应用

以芬兰种公狐为父本,本地饲养的北极狐为母本进行杂交改良。通过人工授精的方法,提高种公狐的利用率。采用精液冷冻技术,可解决公母狐因发情的时间差而导致的空怀,从而提高受配率、准胎率,最终提高蓝狐养殖业的经济效益。     

犬瘟热病毒强毒株HBF-1株的培育及致病性研究

为研究从北极狐病料样品中分离的一株强毒的致病性,本实验采用病例复制、RT-PCR检测、间接免疫荧光检测(IFA)和电镜观察等方法证实分离得到犬瘟热病毒(CDV),并命名为HBF-1。对该分离株H基因的核苷酸序列比对显示,HBF-1与疫苗株的同源性为91.0%～91.5%,与国内外分离株的同源性为93.5%～99.9%。病毒传代培育试验结果显示HBF-1已适应在北极狐、貉、水貂和犬体内繁殖,具有较广的感染范围。但各种动物的临床症状和剖检病理变化存在不同程度的差异,表明HBF-1分离株对北极狐、貉、水貂和犬的致病力不同;毒力测定结果显示其半数感染量分别为102.46 ID50/mL、102.95 ID50/mL、102.46 ID50/mL和102.58 ID50/mL,表明HBF-1为一株CDV强毒株,可以在不同的经济动物间进行水平传播。本研究结果为开发新的CDV疫苗提供了实验基础。     

毛皮动物肝脾酶水解工艺研究

研究了人工饲养的毛皮动物———乌苏里貉、北极狐貂的肝、脾的酶水解工艺 ,并对该工艺生产的水解液进行了营养评价     

北极狐和貉毛纤维显微结构的研究

为了区别北极狐和貉毛皮，采用哈氏切片法快速制取北极狐、南貉和北貉皮毛纤维横切片进行毛纤维组织结构观察。观察发现，貉毛皮的绒毛鳞片翘角大，呈刺状伸出毛干外，鳞片高度大；而北极狐绒毛的鳞片紧贴毛干，呈环形排列。因此，对于北极狐皮和貉皮的鉴别可通过其毛纤维的显微结构进行区分。     

北极狐发情期阴道分泌物电阻值变化规律的观察

为正确判断北极狐适宜的人工输精时间提供依据 ,测定了 36只北极狐发情期阴道分泌物电阻值(Ω)。结果表明 ,在接近发情旺期时 ,Ω值急聚上升。有 80 .6 %的狐在Ω值由最高峰急聚下降的第 1,2d内放对 ,很快达成交配 ;有 5 .6 %的狐在Ω值达到最高峰时可达成交配 ;有 13.9%的狐在整个配种过程中Ω值始终处于平衡波动状态 ,不出现高峰 ,需以外阴鉴定为主 ,判断发情放对     

Detection of herpesvirus DNA in Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus; syn. Alopex lagopus) with fatal encephalitis

A captive breeding programme for the Fennoscandian Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus; syn. Alopex lagopus) failed due to fatal encephalitis. The aim of this study was to identify the causative agent. Viral nucleic acid was detected by PCR and in situ hybridization in the brain of affected foxes. The results suggest that a herpesvirus might be the causative agent. Whether this infection also occurs in free-living Arctic foxes is unknown.     

利用SRAP分子标记对北极狐遗传多样性的研究

相关序列多态性（SRAP）是近年来发展起来的一种新型分子标记技术,具有稳定、简便、中等产率、高共显性等优点。本试验利用北极狐的基因组作为模版,首次把SRAP方法引入到哺乳动物中进行分析,对北极狐SRAP反应条件进行了优化,产物用非变性的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶分离,得到的结果清晰、稳定、多态性高,结果用NTSYS-pcversion 2.1软件对北极狐群体的遗传多样进行了初步的分析。     

Arctic rabies--a review

Rabies seems to persist throughout most arctic regions, and the northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland, is the only part of the Arctic where rabies has not been diagnosed in recent time. The arctic fox is the main host, and the same arctic virus variant seems to infect the arctic fox throughout the range of this species. The epidemiology of rabies seems to have certain common characteristics in arctic regions, but main questions such as the maintenance and spread of the disease remains largely unknown. The virus has spread and initiated new epidemics also in other species such as the red fox and the racoon dog. Large land areas and cold climate complicate the control of the disease, but experimental oral vaccination of arctic foxes has been successful. This article summarises the current knowledge and the typical characteristics of arctic rabies including its distribution and epidemiology.     

Some intestinal parasites of Arctic fox, Banks Island, N. W. T.

Small intestinal parasitology of 50 trapped Arctic fox taken on Banks Island, The Northwest Territories, showed a prevalence of Taenia crassiceps (78%), Toxascaris leonina (60%), Echinococcus multilocularis (2%) and Coccidia (2%). Attention is drawn to the absence of Toxocara sp. and of Uncinaria sp.     

Assessment of chosen semen characteristics of two colour morphs of the Arctic fox Alopex lagopus L.

The aim of the study was to evaluate semen quality in the two most popular colour morphs of the Arctic fox Alopex lagopus L., blue and white, based on ejaculate parameters, acrosin activity and analysis of sperm morphology. The research material consisted of ejaculates collected once by manual stimulation from 20 one‐year‐old male Arctic foxes (10 individuals of the blue morph and 10 of the white morph). Ejaculates were evaluated in terms of volume, sperm concentration, total number of spermatozoa and the percentage of spermatozoa with major and minor defects. The study revealed that male blue Arctic foxes produce ejaculates with much higher concentration (148.75 × 10⁶/ml) and total number of spermatozoa (98.16 × 10⁶) compared to white Arctic foxes (42.88 × 10⁶/ml and 35.2 × 10⁶ respectively). The level of acrosin activity from white foxes seemed to be higher compared to blue foxes but the difference was not statistically confirmed. Semen from Arctic foxes is characterized by high inter‐individual variability in sperm morphology. The frequency of morphological changes in sperm from Arctic foxes does not significantly depend on ejaculate volume, sperm concentration or the total number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, but is associated with acrosin activity.     

饲喂水平对冬毛生长期北极狐能量、氮及气体代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲喂水平对冬毛生长期北极狐能量、氮及气体代谢的影响.选取36只161日龄、平均体重为(7285±6)g的健康雄性北极狐,随机分成4组,每组9个重复,每个重复1只.各组北极狐饲喂相同的饲粮,但饲喂水平分别为自由采食(Ⅰ组)、自由采食量的80％(Ⅱ组)、自由采食量的60％(Ⅲ组)和自由采食量的40％(Ⅳ组)....     

An outbreak of septic endometritis in the Arctic blue fox (Alopex lagopus) caused by Clostridium carnis

An outbreak of endometritis and septicaemia in farms that raise Arctic blue foxes is described. Eleven animals from eight different farms were examined, most of them pregnant or with newly delivered litters. Pathological examination indicated inflammation of the uterus, and focal necrotic changes in the liver. In some animals evidence of hemorrhaging was found in the anterior part of the small intestine. Bacteriological examination revealed abundant growth from different organs of the animals of a pure culture of a small, slender, Gram-variable, sporeforming rod, which was identified phenotypically as aerotolerant Clostridium carnis. This identification was confirmed by DNA hybridization. The organism caused death in mice 1–2 days after intraperitoneal inoculation, and killed an Arctic blue fox which was inoculated intracervically. Two foxes, pretreated with diethyl-stilboestrol, became seriously ill after intrauterine inoculation, but survived. The spontaneous outbreak of the disease was characterized by sudden onset of septicaemia with few or no clinical symptoms before the animals succumbed.     

陕西境内养狐日粮营养成分分析

以随机抽样的方法 ,采取陕西境内 3家养狐场的哺乳期北极狐饲料 ,对饲料中常规营养成分以及水溶性维生素含量分别进行了分析测定。结果表明 ,A、B样中代谢能严重不足 ;A、C样中粗蛋白含量不足 ,C样代谢能基本满足需求及B样粗蛋白高于参照标准 ;在 3种样品中维生素B2 、维生素B5基本符合动物的要求 ;维生素B1含量严重不足 ;维生素B3 、维生素B4、维生素B6、维生素B9、维生素B12 和维生素C在不同程度上都有缺乏     

Host-Parasite Relations In Initiation Of Infection: I. Occurrence Of Listeriosis In Arctic Mammals, With A Note On Its Possible Pathogenesis

A lemming colony maintained at Fort Churchill was examined for the possibility of the presence of L. monocytogenes in latent form, but the organism was not isolated. Following transfer of the lemmings from Churchill to Kingston, L. monocytogens was isolated. In speculation on the pathogenesis of Listerosis, the author suggests that an upset carbohydrate metabolism may be involved in the trigger mechanism.

The isolation of L. monocytogenes from a seemingly ill Arctic fox caught at Fort Churchill is reported for the first time.

     

北极狐出血性肠炎病原分离鉴定

从排血便为主要临床特征的濒死期育成北极狐肠内容物中分离到 ５ 株革兰氏阳性大杆菌，各株菌的 ３７℃ ８ 小时厌气肉肝汤纯培养上清液 ０２ｍ ｌ小鼠尾静脉注射，１２ 小时内 １００％ 死亡。生理生化鉴定证实分离菌为产气荚膜杆菌（ Ｂ．ａｅｒｏｇｅｎｅｓｃａｐｓｕｌａｔｕｓ）。血清定型结果表明，分离的 ５ 株菌均为 Ａ 型产气荚膜杆菌。以饲喂狐的变质鱼浸出液静脉注射小鼠引起死亡，并从该浸出液中也分离到 Ａ 型魏氏梭菌，证实该病的发生是饲料传播。     

驯养经济动物养殖及种群遗传多样性的研究方法

我国貉、银狐、北极狐、水貂、梅花鹿等野生动物养殖作为一项新兴的产业已成为建设新农村新的经济增长点,但是无论是野外资源的保护成效,还是人工驯养繁殖业的发展状况以及野生动物及其产品的经营利用秩序与社会需要和客观要求相比,还存在着相当大的差距。与野外环境中的种群比较,圈养种群是进行遗传学研究的最好的模型对象,对于研究野生种群近交与群体灭绝间的关系是非常合适的材料。目前国内外对于驯养经济动物与野生种群遗传多样性的研究主要集中于线粒体DNA、核糖体DNA、微卫星分子标记及主要组织相容性复合体等几个方面。作者针对目前国内外尤其是国内有关驯养经济动物养殖现状及其与野生种群形态、遗传多样性差异几个重要研究技术方面的研究进行了详细的论述和探讨,旨在通过利用我国养殖的野生小种群遗传学特性,为珍稀野生动物种群保护遗传学研究及加快国内经济动物养殖提供理论支持。