野葱营养挂面的制作与开发

以小麦面粉为主要原料,辅以野葱,采用新的加工制作技术,将面粉与野葱制成翠绿诱人、营养丰富的挂面。     

社饭加工工艺优化研究

以籼米、糯米、野生蒿菜、野葱、腊肉等为原料制作社饭,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化社饭加工的工艺条件。结果表明,社饭的最佳加工工艺条件为:大米浸泡时间30 min,蒸煮时间30 min,食盐质量分数0.7%,菜籽油质量分数7%,在此工艺条件下所制作的社饭颗粒饱满完整,野蒿菜和野葱分布较为均匀,整体淡绿色,有诱人光泽,清香,软糯适中。     

夏季面制品及家庭制作面食的消费提示

正夏季到了,食欲不振,很多消费者都喜欢食用面食。一、家庭制作面食1、面粉的放置夏季天气潮湿,面粉容易发霉变质,应将面粉放在干燥、通风、避免阳光直射的地方。取出做馒头、面条等面食需要的面粉后要将面粉口袋扎紧封严,防止受潮。2、面粉品质观察制作面食前,先要注意观察面粉状况,正常的面粉应无结块、无虫卵。有面粉结块、有丝状物出现时,     

面粉臭氧负离子储存保鲜试验报告

试验将JR－2型臭氧离子发生器发生的臭氧充入粮堆，在严格密封的条件下对面粉进行保鲜防霉研究。结果表明，使用臭氧保管面粉，经高温季节，面粉不发热，不结块，不发生霉变，各项品质指标均符合标准，能明显延缓面粉的陈化，确保面粉的安全储藏。     

脱脂和重组对面粉理化特性和烘焙品质的影响

选用3个筋力不同的小麦品种（系）,通过比较其采用脱脂面粉、重组面粉和原面粉,研究了小麦脂类对面团揉混特性和面包加工品质的影响。结果表明,（1）3个品种（系）面粉脱脂前后蛋白质含量、沉淀值和灰分含量无显著性差异,但脱脂后面粉白度显著提高。（2）脱脂后3个品种（系）揉混仪峰高和峰宽增大,衰落角变小。（3）面粉脱脂后面包加工品质有所改善,其作用大小与蛋白质的质量和蛋白质间的互作有关。脱脂面粉加入起酥油对面包品质无明显改善作用,起酥油是通过面粉脂类对面包品质产生作用的。     

贮藏温度对散装贮藏面粉工艺品质的影响

新加工的一级面粉分别散装存放在钢板仓内,一种为密封贮藏(仓内垫有1.0mm 塑料薄膜,并填充有纤维),一种为普通的敞开贮藏。仓温分别控制有0℃以上,0℃左右,0℃以下。当贮藏5、10、15天时检查仓温、面粉温度,并分别测定面粉的水份含量、气体形成能力、面粉干面筋含量、制作面包的体积。密闭贮藏的面粉,当贮藏温度>0℃,面粉贮藏10天后工艺品质能明显好转,并在贮藏的一段时间内,面粉品质保持不变。面包制作符合标准质量。在敞开贮藏的面粉,贮藏温度>0℃,5—10天内就能达到良好工艺品质,贮藏在<0℃或0℃,左右的面粉,需8—14天方能达到良好的工艺品质。     

面粉和米在贮藏期间的生化变化

贮藏面粉和米,应降低其含水量,使之不超过12％。面粉和米很易受到微生物危害、吸湿和氧化。与原粮不同的是,原粮是活的有机体,较能抗御各种不良因素的影响,而面粉和米是无生命的有机体,所以比原粮容易并快得多地受到损失。面粉和米在贮藏期间发生的生物化学过程,首先是脂肪的变化。如果比较籽粒和面粉在贮藏过程中脂肪的变化,就得到证实。面粉脂肪酸值增长快,而麦粒脂肪酸值变化小(见表1),其实它们的脂肪含量是一个常数,.即为2 .2%。由于受到籽粒里原有脂肪酸值的影响,所以在贮藏期间面粉脂肪水解进行得,很强烈。从加工得到的面粉和米的品质看,这与原粮品表1贮藏在35℃下小麦及面粉     

中国白盐面条色泽影响因素的研究

选用25个面粉色泽差别较大的小麦品种（系）,研究了白盐面条的色泽及其稳定性的影响因素。结果表明,鲜白盐面条和干白盐面条的L*值（色泽亮度）与面粉R457白度、面粉L*值均呈显著或极显著正相关,与面粉b*值、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量及类胡萝卜素含量均呈显著或极显著负相关。煮后面条L*值与各面粉品质指标的相关性均未达显     

倡导面粉健康消费理念 打造“原野雪”过硬品牌

“原野雪”系列面粉是一种不添加增白剂和化学物质的纯天然系列小麦面粉，在经过国家、省、市质量技术监督部门的多次抽检后，“原野雪”系列面粉被评为首批“全国放心面”；在中国商业联合会组织的全国商业顾客满意活动表彰会上，“原野雪”系列面粉获得了“全国顾客满意商品”荣誉称号；其产销量在山西省面粉行业名列第一位，连续几年被评为“山西名牌产品”。低廉的价格、过硬的质量、丰富的品种、优质的服务使得由太原面粉二厂生产的“原野雪”系列面粉在太原市乃至整个山西省家喻户晓。     

小麦面粉、面条色泽与蛋白质组分的关系

明确面条白度与小麦蛋白质组分含量的关系有助于面条品质的改良。以21个小麦品种制成的面粉及面条为材料，分析了面粉及面条色泽与蛋白质组分含量之间的关系，讨论了蛋白质组分中单体蛋白含量、可溶性谷蛋白含量和不溶性谷蛋白含量对小麦面粉及不同工艺阶段面条色泽的影响。研究结果表明，面粉的颗粒度与面粉及面条的L值呈极     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.