中国杂交水稻在乍得的种植表现及发展建议

为支援非洲乍得农业发展,在邦戈尔水稻基地进行了中国杂交水稻品种和乍得本地品种的对比试验。结果表明,杂交水稻Ⅱ优58、粤优938等早中熟品种最适应在乍得热带稀疏草原气候条件下种植,与当地品种相比,有很大的增产优势。针对乍得邦戈尔水稻产区目前的生产现状,提出了在今后推广中国杂交水稻的同时,必须实行良种良法配套同步发展,切实改进水稻种植的关键技术。     

桂北水稻—油菜轮作中不同水稻品种搭配试验

就单季中稻区的水稻—油菜轮作中水稻品种的选择问题,开展不同水稻品种搭配试验。通过对水稻品种农香优华占、五优华占、天优华占、晶两优华占的对比试验,考察了不同水稻品种产量及主要经济性状。结果表明,五优华占不仅生育期短,而且结实率高,增产显著,在桂北稻油轮作中可在9月25日前播种油菜,达到稻油双丰收的目的。     

柴桑区2019年水稻品种对比试验

为了筛选适合柴桑区种植的水稻品种,2019年进行了水稻品种对比试验。结果表明,C两优华占、Y两优900等2个品种综合表现较好。     

当涂县杂交水稻品种对比试验

目的:筛选适宜当涂县地区种植的杂交水稻品种。方法:开展杂交水稻品种对比试验,主要从丰产性、抗逆性和品质3个方面考察各品种在当涂地区的适应性。结果:通过试验来看,产量超过对照的杂交水稻品种有Y两优6号、Y两优1928、两优2469、珞优8号、齐两优918、新华两优9号。结论:综合丰产性、抗逆性、品质等因素来看,在当涂地区有一定优势的品种有:Y两优1928、齐两优918。     

2017年岳西县中籼稻品种对比试验

为掌握岳西县主推水稻品种的特征特性,选择2017年度岳西地区13个水稻品种进行产量、抗逆性对比试验。结果表明,新两优6号、Y两优1号、徽两优630、两优688、深两优5814等品种综合性状较好,值得大面积推广应用。     

6个优质水稻品种的比较

进行了6个优质水稻品种的比较试验。结果表明:Q优1号与Q优6号是适宜赤水市种植的高产优质水稻品种。     

长江中下游中籼迟熟A组水稻品种区域试验结果分析

为鉴定评价福建省三明市水稻联合体成员新选育的中籼迟熟品种在长江中下游稻区的丰产性、稳定性、适应性、抗逆性、米质及其它重要性状表现。2019年三明市水稻联合体开展长江中下游中籼迟熟组水稻新品种区域试验,参试品种13个,其中续试并生产试验品种2个,续试品种2个,新参试品种9个。试验结果,遂两优164可以申报审定,两优8699、创优9708生产试验,鸿两优6363、两优1899、智两优6522续试和生产试验,禾两优6868、广两优366续试。     

优质稻新品种比较试验

为了筛选出适宜在江津区种植的水稻新品种,2014—2015年选择了12个水稻新品种,以当地常规品种Ⅱ优838作为对照,进行品种比较试验,综合分析参试品种的生育期、抗逆性、经济性状、产量、经济效益等。结果表明,适宜在江津区推广种植的水稻新品种为Y两优1号、深两优5814、宜香2115、宜香1108、宜香725和Ⅱ优725,其它品种有待继续展示试验。     

水稻品种筛选试验研究

通过对该水稻产区常用水稻品种的筛选试验,结果表明:五优稻3号无论从秧苗素质和产量上都好于其他品种,建议推广五优稻3号为该地区水稻主栽品种,其次为龙稻3号。     

桂林市水稻新品种比较试验

为了鉴定评价新选育的水稻品种在本区域的丰产性、稳产性、适应性及其他重要特征特性表现,为本区水稻品种审定提供科学依据,进行了水稻新品种比较试验。试验结果表明,生产试验加区试试验品种五优028、利优3158、隆香优3206产量均比对照增产,且完成试验程序,建议提交审定;参加区试品种五丰优336、竟优153、M118S/705、锦两优华占、33S/H292产量均比对照增加,建议参加下一年区试和生试,玖两优1490、玖两优138、玖两优鹏2号、3两优471产量均比对照减少,建议终止试验。     

江西省近年审定的水稻品种性状分析

[目的]对江西省2009～2013年审定的140个水稻品种的产量、品质和抗病性进行分析.[方法]将2009 ～2013年通过江西省品种审定委员会审定的品种（不包含审定的不育系）进行综合分析和按年份进行纵向分析,另将品种分为早稻、一季稻、晚稻,常规品种和杂交品种,杂交品种又分为两系和三系杂交品种进行分析.[结果]审定品种以三系品种为主,两系品种产量比三系品种略显优势,但优质率却低于三系品种.审定品种产量比对照平均增产3.0％,米质达国标3级优质米以上的品种占52.1％,对稻瘟病基本上均为高感.[结论]该研究可为江西省水稻品种的选育、推广和应用提供参考依据.     

近10年国家审定水稻品种分析

分析了2006 ～2015年国审水稻品种情况.10a间平均每年审定49.4个品种.在品种结构上,三系杂交稻品种比例呈现下降趋势,两系杂交稻品种比例快速增长;科研院校选育的品种数量呈下降趋势,以种业公司为主体的商业化育种快速发展,逐渐成为水稻育种的主要模式.在品质结构上,审定的常规稻品种优质率较高,杂交稻优质率呈下降趋势,品质改良亟需加强.     

Relationship Between Grain Yield and Yield Components in Super Hybrid Rice

Chinese super hybrid rice breeding project has developed many new varieties with great yield potential.It is controversial which yield component should be emphasized in super hybrid rice production.The present study was conducted to compare super hybrid rice with common hybrid and super inbred rice and analyze contributions of yield components to grain yield of super hybrid rice under experimental conditions,and evaluate relationships between grain yield and yield components of super hybrid rice in farmer's paddy fields.Field experiments were done in Changsha,Guidong,and Nanxian,Hunan Province,China,from 2007 to 2009.Eight super hybrid varieties,one common hybrid variety,and one super inbred variety were grown in each location and year.Rice production investigation was undertaken in high-yielding (Guidong),moderate-yielding (Nanxian),and low-yielding (Ningxiang) regions of Hunan Province,China,in 2009.Grain yield and yield components were measured in both the field experiments and rice production investigation.Super hybrid rice varieties outyielded common hybrid and super inbred varieties across three locations and years.Yield potential has been increased by 11.4％ in super hybrid rice varieties compared with common and super inbred varieties.The higher yield of super hybrid varieties was attributed to improvement in panicle size.Panicles per m2 had the highest positive contribution to grain yield with the exception under yield level of 10.0 to 12.0 t ha-1,and was positively related to grain yield in farmer's field at all of the high-,moderate-,and low-yielding regions.Our study suggests that panicle per m2 ought to be emphasized in super hybrid rice production.     

2003～2011年江西省审定水稻品种分析

对江西省2003～2011年审定的432个水稻品种的概况、抗病性、米质和产量进行了总结,对不育系及恢复系在这些品种中的使用情况进行了统计分析。结果表明:审定品种以三系杂交稻为主。368个杂交稻品种的选育共使用了112个不育系和297个恢复系。抗病品种有157个,优质品种有147个,高产品种有80个,抗病优质高产品种只有7个。     

1974年以来辽宁省审定的水稻品种分析

７０年代以来,辽宁省通过审定的水稻品种逐步增多,累计６５个。新品种的产量呈上升趋势。杂交粳稻辽优１号和株型理想的直立穗品种辽粳２４４的培育成功,使区域试验亩产量分别突破５００和６００ｋｇ,其它品种的产量水平也明显提高。促使水稻新品种产量增长的关键因素是增加了杂交粳稻和理想株型品种的每穗成粒数。     

超级杂交稻新品种示范及配套栽培技术

介绍了兴宁市超级杂交稻示范品种概况,分析了杂交稻新品种示范结果,总结了示范区超级稻主要配套栽培技术措施,为该市超级杂交稻新品种推广应用提供了参考。     

近年来中国水稻品种审定和推广应用的几个特点

综合分析了近10年国家审定水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种主要性状指标,结果表明,品种的综合性状得到较大程度提升,其中稻米品质优质化率不断提高,但对稻瘟病等病(虫)害的抗性水平未有明显提升;结合近年的水稻主要品种推广情况进行分析表明,两系杂交水稻品种综合性状表现优良,相比其他类型水稻品种具有一定优势,在近20年中取得了跨越式发展,已成为生产上应用的最主要品种类型,籼粳中间型杂交水稻也在近10年中取得了长足发展。并对下一步水稻品种选育、试验审定和推广等问题进行了讨论。     

Conservation of Traditional Rice Varieties in a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System （GIAHS）：Rice-Fish Co-Culture

The traditional rice-fish farming system is selected as a "globally important agricultural heritage system" (GIAHS) by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and Global Environment Facility (GEF), etc. In Zhejiang Province of China, where the pilot site for this GIAHS farming system is located, we compared the use of traditional rice varieties in rice-fish co-culture and rice monoculture. Further, we determined how traditional rice varieties were performed in this rice-fish system. Only 19% of the farmers who practiced rice monoculture planted traditional varieties while 52% of farmers who practiced rice-fish co-culture planted traditional varieties. Traditional varieties represented 13% of the total land cultivated under rice in the rice-fish system but only 2% in the rice monoculture system. In the rice-fish system, yield was lower for traditional rice varieties than hybrid varieties but application of fertilizers and pesticides was also lower. In a field experiment in the rice-fish system without pesticides, rice planthopper numbers and sheath blight incidence were lower from three traditional varieties than one hybrid variety; yields were 8 to 32% lower from the traditional varieties than the hybrid. Our results showed that traditional rice varieties can be preserved through conserving GIAHS rice-fish co-culture. Our study also indicated that traditional rice varieties can survive in the rice-fish system because these varieties are helpful to the whole system and beneficial to the farmers.     

浙江省水稻品种抗稻曲病自然诱发鉴定初步研究

在浙江省金华县稻曲病重发病区,对113个水稻品种进行了田间自然诱发抗性鉴定。结果表明:以稻曲病平均病级(X)为指标,X=0级、0级X≤Ⅰ级、Ⅰ级X≤Ⅱ级、Ⅱ级X≤Ⅲ级、Ⅲ级X≤Ⅳ级、Ⅳ级X≤Ⅴ级的品种数分别占品种总数的33.62%、20.35%、15.92%、8.84%、13.27%和7.96%。常规籼稻、常规粳稻、杂交籼稻和杂交粳稻,不发病或轻发病(平均病级小于Ⅰ级)的发生频率分别为100%、66.67%、54.04%和0%;重发病(平均病级大于Ⅲ级)的发生频率分别为0%、4.16%、20.26%和90.00%;粳稻发病明显重于籼稻,杂交稻明显重于常规稻,杂交粳稻发病最重。