日光温室甜樱桃叶片叶绿素含量影响因子初探

为探索日光温室甜樱桃叶片叶绿素含量的影响因子,试验测定不同温室方位、不同树体方向、不同树形、不同品种以及叶面肥处理下甜樱桃叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量。结果表明,温室东部甜樱桃叶片叶绿素含量显著低于温室西部和中部;树体南向和东向叶绿素含量显著大于树体西向和北向;甜樱桃品种间叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量不同,且差异性不同;施用叶面肥可显著提高温室甜樱桃叶片叶绿素含量;试验中3种树形之间甜樱桃叶片叶绿素含量差异不显著。     

基于吸收、透射和反射光谱预测水稻叶绿素含量研究

选择基于吸收率和透射率的叶绿素含量定量反演波段组合,构建叶绿素含量光谱估测模型寻找基于吸收、透射和反射光谱预测叶绿素含量的波段。以3个水稻品种临稻11,圣稻13和阳光200为材料,进行田间实验。比较水稻叶片吸收、反射及透射光谱曲线和一阶导数光谱曲线,发现440、480、630nm和681nm为叶绿素吸收峰的实际发生波段位置,其中630nm波段处的叶片光谱吸收率(A)、透射率(T)和反射率(R)之间相关性最好。比较三者之间的相关性,吸收率与透射率的相关性最强。630nm波段处的叶片光谱吸收率、透射率和反射率与叶绿素含量之间的相关性均达到极显著水平。回归分析表明基于440、480nm和681nm3个波段光谱吸收率线性模型,440、480nm和630nm3个波段光谱透射率线性模型估测叶绿素a含量,480、630nm和681nm3个波段光谱透射率线性模型估测叶绿素b含量,与单独使用630nm光谱变量估测叶绿素含量比较,在4个生育期估测精度均有显著提高,其中以叶绿素a和叶绿素总量的估测效果最好。     

超高产水稻生育后期剑叶光合生理特性变化的研究

笔者研究了黑龙江省第一积温带5个产量不同的主栽品种生育后期剑叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率和RuBP羧化酶活性变化规律。结果表明：超高产品种生育后期的剑叶叶绿素含量、光合速率和RuBP羧化酶活性均高于常规品种,品种间差异显著。因此,将剑叶生育后期叶绿素含量、净光合速率和RuBP羧化酶活性的变化研究,作为寒地粳稻高光效育种和超高产育种中的一项措施是可行的。     

水稻孕穗期叶绿素含量的QTL定位

利用由籼稻品种七山占与粳稻品种秋光杂交构建的一个包含162个株系(F10)的重组自交系群体,及其相应的包含122个SSR标记的遗传图谱,采用区间定位方法,对控制水稻孕穗期剑叶叶绿素含量的QTL进行定位分析.共检测到22个与孕穗期叶绿素含量有关的QTL,分别位于第3、7、10和12染色体上,包括对6个叶绿素a含量QTL、5个叶绿素b含量QTL、5个类胡萝卜素含量QTL和 6个总叶绿素含量QTL,单个QTL对性状表型贡献率为7.4%~14.6%.     

超高产水稻生育后期剑叶光合

笔者研究了黑龙江省第一积温带5个产量不同的主栽品种生育后期剑叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率和RuBP羧化酶活性变化规律.结果表明:超高产品种生育后期的剑叶叶绿素含量、光合速率和RuBP羧化酶活性均高于常规品种,品种间差异显著.因此,将剑叶生育后期叶绿素含量、净光合速率和RuBP羧化酶活性的变化研究,作为寒地粳稻高光效育种和超高产育种中的一项措施是可行的.     

涝渍胁迫下辣椒叶绿素含量与SPAD值相关性模型建立及应用

为研究涝渍胁迫下辣椒叶片叶绿素含量与SPAD值(single-photon avalanche diode)相关性,使用叶绿素荧光仪和分光光度计法测量辣椒叶片叶绿素含量,探讨正常管理及涝渍胁迫下辣椒叶片叶绿素含量与SPAD值的相关性。结果表明,正常管理条件下所有品种SPAD值与辣椒叶片叶绿素含量呈正相关,能真实评价辣椒叶片叶绿素含量,其中‘汇丰二号’的4个拟合模型相关系数达显著,最优拟合模型为线性方程。涝渍胁迫严重干扰了使用SPAD值评价辣椒叶片叶绿素含量的准确性,短期胁迫与长期胁迫对不同品种的干扰程度存在显著差异。本研究建立了正常管理及涝渍胁迫下辣椒SPAD值与叶绿素含量最优相关性函数,经检验相关系数达显著水平的相关性模型可直接应用到相关研究中,测量SPAD值代入方程即可快速获取叶绿素含量,实现了对辣椒叶绿素含量的无损检测。     

氮肥和DPC用量对棉花叶片叶绿素含量和SPAD值的影响

 在大田条件下研究了氮肥和缩节胺（DPC）用量对中早熟棉花品种豫杂35和早熟品种银山1号叶片叶绿素含量、SPAD值的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量或DPC用量的增加,两个品种的叶片叶绿素含量和SPAD值均呈增加趋势。叶片叶绿素含量和SPAD值呈正相关关系,但生育后期叶绿素含量的下降明显快于SPAD值,表现为吐絮期的叶绿素含量显著低于盛铃期,而吐絮期的SPAD值与盛铃期差异不显著。因此,在DPC化控条件下,仍可使用SPAD值进行棉花叶色诊断,但应注意生育后期SPAD值与叶绿素含量的不同趋势。     

干旱胁迫下圆柏不同品种(系)叶绿素含量变化规律

通过人工控制盆栽圆柏灌水量的试验方法,以圆柏6个品种(系)为材料,对干旱胁迫下圆柏叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量的变化进行了测定及分析。结果表明:不同圆柏品种(系)叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量均呈现先增后降的过程,方差分析可得,这种变化在各品种(系)间有极显著差异;相关分析表明,叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量与叶片含水量呈显著正相关。此6个品种(系)叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量在整个干旱胁迫过程中幅度变化由大到小为:京桧10-3>金花桧>京桧22-1>京桧13-1>京桧6-2>兰塔桧。     

水稻低叶绿素含量突变对光合作用及产量的影响

突变体水稻叶绿素含量仅是其野生型水稻的51%,但是其饱和光合值在低氮、中氮、高氮处理下,却比对照野生型水稻分别高3.7%、20.4%与39.1%。为了探究其生理学机制,分别在大田与盆栽试验中,不同氮肥水平研究了突变体材料与野生型材料的叶片Rubisco酶含量、气孔导度、水通道蛋白表达水平、叶绿素荧光、叶片解剖结构和叶绿体超微结构。叶绿体超微结构表明突变体材料虽然叶绿素含量降低,叶绿体的发育并未受到影响;叶绿素荧光试验结果表明,高光强下,低叶绿素含量突变体并未受到光抑制,光反应电子传递未受影响。气孔导度数据、叶片显微结构观察与水通道蛋白基因表达数据表明叶黄突变体具有较高的气孔与叶肉导度;同时低叶绿素含量突变体内较高的Rubisco酶含量也是其在高光照条件下具有较高光合速率的重要原因。产量数据表明,叶黄突变体虽然生育期短,但其产量水平与对照无显著差别,这可能与其高光强条件下有较高的光合速率有关。上述试验结果表明高叶绿素含量并不是叶片高光合速率的必需条件。在今后的高光效育种中,挑选叶绿素含量适宜的品种更有利于叶片内氮素在其他光合器官中的分配,提高光合效率,最终获得高光效品种。在本研究中使用的叶绿素含量降低突变体在高光效育种中有潜在的研究价值。     

稻瘟病胁迫下水稻叶片叶绿素含量与光谱特征参数的相关性研究

为实现受稻瘟病侵染水稻叶片叶绿素含量的高光谱反演,以‘陵两优268’为研究对象,测定受稻瘟病侵染的85个水稻叶片样品的叶绿素含量和高光谱反射率,分析受稻瘟病侵染的水稻叶片高光谱反射率与叶绿素含量间的相关关系,使用线性与非线性回归技术建立叶绿素含量反演模型。结果显示:叶绿素含量与原始光谱及一阶导数光谱的敏感波段分别发生在700 nm和752 nm,基于光谱特征参数SDr的回归模型均方根误差为1.27,平均相对误差为10.2%。研究表明受稻瘟病侵染水稻叶片光谱反射率差异明显,基于光谱特征参数SDr的回归模型预测叶绿素含量具有较高的精度。     

Leaf Growth and Chlorophyll Content of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) as Influenced by Nitrogen Supply

An experiment was conducted using a greenhouse hydroponics system to investigate the influence of N nutrition on leaf growth and chlorophyll content in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.) during both vegetative and generative growth. Plants were treated continuously with one of three levels of N supply (30, 100 or 170ppm N). Leaf expansion in terms of lamina area of individual leaves and leaf area per plant, and chlorophyll content of leaves during both growth phases were increased significantly by N supply up to 100 ppm N, which was found to be the optimum level for oilseed rape. N supply of 30 ppm N resulted in N stress while 170 ppm N represents an excessive supply. N supply of 100 ppm N enhanced leaf expansion during H–6 weeks after transplanting by 88–260 % over that of 30 ppm N. Lamina areas of younger leaves responded to N nutrition better than did those of older leaves. Leaf area per plant increased 155–194 % due to increasing N supply but leaf number was increased less remarkably (by 25–44 %). N supply enhanced the contents of leaf chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , and total chlorophyll but had very little influence on chlorophyll a/b ratios; except that increasing N supply tended to reduce these ratios. Results suggest that variation in leaf chlorophyll content of rape plants in response to N nutrition is a function of leaf age and position. The significance of these results in terms of certain physiological implications for the rape plant is discussed.     

Using a Chlorophyll Meter to Optimize Nitrogen Fertilizer Application for Intensively-Managed Small-Grain Cereals

Most methods used to estimate N status require collection, processing and analysis of soil and/or plant tissue samples. In this study, leaf chlorophyll content of cereals, determined in the field with a portable chlorophyll meter (Minolta SPAD-502), was used to predict N availability of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), oats ( Avena sativa L.) and rye ( Secale cereale L.). The results indicated that accurate nitrogen (N) fertilizer recommendations based on chlorophyll content have both environmental and economic advantages. Determination of leaf chlorophyll content with a chlorophyll meter accurately indicated plant N status allowing N fertilizer requirement to be accurately determined and resulting in increased N uptake efficiency. Applying N fertilizer on this basis improved production economics and improved physical input-output ratio during grain yield formation. Using a chlorophyll meter, responsive and non-responsive categories can be determined at the stage of maximum number of florets per ear primordium (Zadoks' GS 37-41) and at pollination (i.e. pollen grains on well-developed stigmatic hairs, GS 52-58).     

基于高光谱的棉花叶片磷含量估测模型

研究不同施磷条件下棉花叶片叶绿素含量的变化规律,旨在建立基于高光谱的叶片磷含量估测模型,实现棉花叶片磷含量快速监测。在盆栽试验条件下,设置不同的磷肥量,测定棉花功能叶叶绿素含量与磷含量,并利用植被指数和叶绿素含量的相关性构建磷含量的光谱变量,从而实现利用高光谱对棉花叶片磷含量的定量监测。结果表明：(1)棉花播种后100天左右,叶片磷含量与叶绿素呈现显著关系(决定系数R²=0.96)。(2)利用多个植被指数(X)和叶绿素含量(I)的相关性构建倒一叶、倒二叶、倒三叶、倒四叶的磷含量光谱变量,其中各叶片相关性最优的模型：倒一叶(L₁)为I₁=2.6131X_RENDVI-0.4275,X_RENDV为红边归一化植被指数,R²=0.71,RMSE=0.2;倒二叶(L₂)为I₅=0.0142X_TVI+0.3274,X_TVI为三角植被指数,R²=0.76,RMSE...     

Chlorophyll Stability is an Indicator of Drought Tolerance in Peanut

Chlorophyll stability during drought might be a promising criterion for selection for drought resistance in peanut. The study describes two field trials conducted at Khon Kaen University, Thailand which investigate genotype × drought interactions in a wide range of peanut germplasm in general and assess the relationship between chlorophyll stability and genotypic performance in particular, under drought. Two field experiments (during 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 dry seasons) were conducted in a split plot design with three water regimes [field capacity, 2/3 available water (AW) and 1/3 AW] as main, and 12 peanut genotypes as subtreatments, replicated four times. Observations on total dry matter (TDM), chlorophyll density (ChlD) (chlorophyll content per unit leaf area), chlorophyll content (chlorophyll content per plant) and SPAD chlorophyll meter readings (SCMR) were recorded at 30, 60 and 90 days after emergence. Transpiration (T) and transpiration efficiency (TE) were computed using the data on amount of water input and TDM. Drought stress significantly reduced TDM, T and chlorophyll content across genotypes but significantly increased TE and ChlD in peanut. However, there were significant differences among genotypes for TE and chlorophyll parameters. The genotype × drought interaction effects for chlorophyll characters (content and density) were not significant suggesting a strong genetic effect. The correlation coefficients between TDM and chlorophyll content (r = 0.51, P = 0.01 to r = 0.91, P = 0.01) and between TE and ChlD (r = 0.46, P = 0.05 to r = 0.77, P = 0.01) were positive and significant. These findings suggest that chlorophyll parameters are strongly linked with drought tolerance in peanut. There were highly significant and positive relationships between ChlD and SCMR (r = 0.67, P = 0.01 to r = 0.93, P = 0.01), between SCMR and TE (r = 0.41, P = 0.05 to r = 0.80, P = 0.01) suggesting that SCMR could be used as a tool for rapid assessment of relative chlorophyll status in peanut genotypes as well as for the indirect selection of drought tolerance in peanut.     

水稻叶片叶绿素含量与吸收光谱变量的相关性研究

采用小区试验研究了水稻叶片叶绿素含量与吸收光谱衍生变量的相关性。结果表明：拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期是水稻叶片诊断的敏感时期;选择最佳的敏感波段组合构造衍生变量,利用光谱衍生变量反演水稻叶片叶绿素含量。发现：在抽穗期和灌浆期,对数相加模型的反演能力明显优于SPAD值的反演能力。SPAD值的反演能力仅在拔节期略优于对数相加模型的反演能力,说明用每个生育期的相应敏感光谱波段对数相加能更加准确地估测叶绿素含量。本文为进一步改进SPAD-502的测量性能提出一些探索性研究。     

棉花叶绿素含量和光合速率的QTL定位

 为了探讨棉花光合作用及相关生理性状的遗传规律, 利用四交分离作图群体泗棉3号/苏12//中4133/8891的273个F_2：3家系为材料,用MAPQTL5.0软件及区间作图方法(IM), 对棉花叶绿素含量及光合速率进行了QTL分析。检测到3个与叶绿素含量相关的QTL, 分别位于染色体D6、D8和A10, 解释性状表型变异的4.3%, 4.5% 和5.2%。检测到3个与光合速率相关的QTL, 位于D5、D6和A11染色体, 解释性状表型变异的3.8%,7.4% 和8.4%。两个性状所有QTL的遗传效应均以加性效应为主。本研究定位的棉花叶绿素含量和光合速率QTL均是首次报道,可尝试应用于高光效育种的分子标记辅助选择。     

贵州紫苏资源收集以及叶色多样性分析

为了调查贵州地区紫苏资源的多样性,研究紫苏叶色性状的差异及成因,收集并种植贵州地方栽培及野生紫苏资源53份,调查苗期叶片颜色性状,并测定其花青素及叶绿素含量。结果表明,贵州地方紫苏资源叶色有面绿背紫、全绿、全红（紫）等多种性状。全红（紫）紫苏花青素含量较高,叶绿素含量较低;绿色紫苏则相反。不同紫苏材料间,花青素含量差异最高可达到60倍,叶绿素含量差异最高在3倍左右。但是,其中有2个材料同时具有较高的叶绿素及花青素含量。叶片中花青素与叶绿素含量差异,导致贵州地方紫苏资源叶色存在着较大的多样性,该工作为紫苏资源研究打下基础。     

高光谱数据与棉花叶绿素含量和叶绿素密度的相关分析

 通过获取棉花不同品种、不同种植密度单叶和冠层关键生育时期的反射光谱,与其相应的单叶叶绿素含量（CHL.C,下同）和冠层叶绿素密度（CH.D,下同）进行多元统计的逐步相关分析。结果表明,棉花冠层CH.D在其反射光谱762 nm波段处的相关系数达最大值（R_CH.D=0.8134^**,n=94）;对于一阶微分光谱,单叶CHL.C和冠层CH.D的敏感波段均发生在750 nm波段处,基于750 nm波段的微分数值,建立了棉花CHL.C和CH.D线性相关模型(R_CHL.C=0.7382^**,RMSE=0.1831,n=66;R_CH.D =0.9027^**,RMSE=0.3078,n=94）,为利用高光谱遥感技术精确提取反映棉花生长状况的叶绿素信息提供了依据。