Biosystematics relationships among Marrubium L. (Lamiaceae) species in Iran

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Marrubium L., is a problematic genus of Lamiaceae family with approximately 40 taxa that some of its species grow in Iran. In the current study, we studied...     

Environmental conditions,and phenolic compounds potential in the leaves of Vitis tiliifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - The wild vine Vitis tiliifolia (Humb & Bonpl. Ex Schult.). is found in Mexico, Central América, and the Caribbean region. In the Veracruz State,...     

Patterns of morpho-phenological and genetic variation of Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P.Beauv. complex in Tunisia

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - The genus Brachypodium is generally considered taxonomically difficult because of the high levels of phenotypic variation and frequent...     

Diversification of maize (Zea mays L.) through teosinte (Zea mays subsp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley) allelic

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Zea mays ssp. parviglumis is the progenitor of maize and assume to have tolerance against various biotic and abiotic stresses. It...     

Genome size,ploidy levels,and development of novel SSR primer to evaluate genetic diversity of Corylopsis Siebold & Zucc. germplasm collections

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Corylopsis Seibold & Zucc. is a genus of flowering shrubs with few cultivars and little information on genome size, ploidy levels, and genetic...     

Study of buffering. Systems in soils from Galicia,N.W. Spain

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - The effects of acid rain on surface horizons of five soils from Galicia and the buffer capacity of these soils with respect to the addition of H` were studied....     

硫酸根自由基高级氧化技术对污染场地多环芳烃的修复效果研究

硫酸根自由基高级氧化技术(sulfate radical(SO₄^·–)based advanced oxidation processes,SR-AOPs)是一种被广泛应用于降解土壤有机污染物的原位氧化修复技术。然而,关于SR-AOPs降解土壤多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的报道相对较少。本研究以南京某炼钢厂附近土壤作为试验样本,通过设置不同比例混合体系的过硫酸钠(Na₂S₂O₈)和亚铁离子(Fe²⁺)以及反应不同时间,探究SR-AOPs对土壤中16种PAHs的修复效果以及最佳技术方案。结果表明:Na₂S₂O₈和Fe²⁺的配比会显著影响土壤PAHs的降解效果,当两者比例达到10︰1时,即Na₂S₂O₈用量为5 mmol/g,Fe²⁺     

De novo transcriptome assembly and development of EST-SSR markers for Pterocarpus santalinus L. f. (Red sanders), a threatened and endemic tree of India

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - The endemic and precious tree Pterocarpus santalinus L. f. (Red sanders) is a drought hardy species for conservation in peninsular India due to its...     

Mercury accumulation and resistance to mercury stress in Rumex induratus and Marrubium vulgare grown in perlite

Plants of Rumex induratus and Marrubium vulgare, collected in the mining area of Almadén, were transferred to pots and grown for 2 months using perlite as substrate and treated with soluble mercury (Hg) in the applied nutrient solution. Mercury resistance, Hg bioaccumulation, and some stress biomarkers were investigated in both plant species. Mercury concentration increased in both plant species in response to Hg supply, but R. induratus was more effective in Hg accumulation. Rumex induratus and M. vulgare showed higher [Hg]_shoot‐to‐[Hg]_root ratios than other plant species. Mercury in the growth medium perlite was also investigated, distinguishing soluble, available, and total amounts of Hg in the medium. At the lower doses, one half of the applied Hg was retained by perlite. Rumex induratus decreased the available Hg fraction in perlite more than M. vulgare. The bioaccumulation factor ([Hg]_plant/[Hg]_available) was similar in both species and similar as found in previous field studies. Plant growth, water content, and chlorophyll concentration, and nutrient translocation were reduced in both plant species by the Hg. Rumex induratus showed higher resistance and Hg‐accumulation capacity than M. vulgare, due to the accumulation of thiols in roots and the absence of a lipid oxidative response.     

湘西植烟土壤有机质和全氮时空变异特征研究

为揭示湖南省湘西州烟区土壤有机质(SOM)和全氮(TN)的时空变异特征和为合理施用有机肥和氮肥提供科学依据,采用经典统计学、地统计学和GIS等方法,对湘西州2000年和2015年植烟土壤SOM和TN时空变异特征进行了研究。结果表明:2015年SOM和TN平均含量较2000年分别增加了5.03g/kg和0.31g/kg,增幅分别达21.39%和21.99%,SOM和TN含量的最小值变小,变异系数、最大值和极差变大,Moran’sI指数标准化Z值下降,块金效应增加;SOM和TN含量"低""适宜"等级面积分别下降了3.42%、37.73%和2.04%、44.43%,"高""极高"等级面积分别增加了32.21%、8.94%和35.67%、10.80%。表明湘西植烟土壤SOM和TN含量和变异同时增加,SOM和TN空间自相关性减弱,随机变异性增强。植烟土壤SOM与TN含量表现出极显著的正线性相关,SOM的矿化释放是TN的一个主要来源。     

Mycorrhizae,biocides, and biocontrol. 4. Response of a mixed culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and host plant to three fungicides

The effects of three commonly used fungicides on the colonization and sporulation by a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi consisting of Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.), Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, and Gigaspora rosea (Nicol. & Schenck) in symbiosis with pea plants and the resulting response of the host-plant were examined. Benomyl, PCNB, and captan were applied as soil drenches at a rate of 20 mg active ingredient kg^-1 soil 2 weeks after transplanting pea seedlings in a silty clay-loam soil containing the mixed inocula of AM fungi (AM plants). Effects of fungicides were compared to untreated plants that were inoculated with fungi (AM control). The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth was also examined by including nonmycorrhizal, non-fungicide-treated plants (non-AM control). Fungicides or inoculation with AM fungi had only a small effect on the final shoot weights of pea plants, but had greater effects on root length and seed yield. AM control plants had higher seed yields and lower root lengths than the corresponding non-AM plants, and the fungicide-treated AM plants had intermediate yields and root lengths. Seed N and P contents were likewise highest in AM control plants, lowest in non-AM plants, and intermediate in fungicide-treated AM plants. All three fungicides depressed the proportion (%) of root length colonized by AM fungi, but these differences did not translate to reductions in the total root length that was colonized, since roots were longer in the fungicide-treated AM plants. Pea plants apparently compensated for the reduction in AM-fungal metabolism due to fungicides by increasing root growth. Fungicides affected the population of the three fungi as determined by sporulation at the final harvest. Captan significantly reduced the number, relative abundance, and relative volume of G. rosea spores in the final population relative to the controls. The relative volume of G. etunicatum spores was greater in all the fungicide-treated soils, while G. mosseae relative volumes were only greater in the captan-treated soil. These findings show that fungicides can alter the species composition of an AM-fungal community. The results also show that AM fungi can increase seed yield without enhancing the vegetative shoot growth of host plants.     

Flumequine Uptake and the Aquatic Duckweed,Lemna minor L.

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Phytotoxicity of Flumequine (F) on the aquatic duckweed, Lemna minor L., and plant drug uptake were evaluated by a simple ecotoxicological test. Flumequine, at...     

Metal Accumulation and Functional Traits of Maianthemum bifolium (L.) F. W. Schmidt in Acid Beech Forests Differing with Pollution Level

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Silicon has been regarded as a promising technology to improve nutrient supply to plants. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different nitrogen doses...     

“绿色革命”以来大气CO2浓度升高对C3作物营养品质的影响

自20世纪60年代"绿色革命"以来,育种技术和农耕技术的发展促进了农作物产量的大幅提升,然而作物的营养品质出现下降趋势。在相似的遗传背景下,大气CO₂浓度升高会使单位体积农作物产品的营养元素含量下降,因此"绿色革命"至今,农作物产品的营养元素下降可能受大气CO₂浓度升高影响。通过植物生长箱模拟"绿色革命"初期和目前的大气CO₂浓度水平(310μmol/mol和400μmol/mol),针对主要C₃作物水稻、小麦和大豆,研究"绿色革命"以来大气CO₂浓度升高对其籽粒的C、N、Fe、Zn元素含量的影响,结果表明:CO₂浓度升高对3种作物籽粒的C元素含量几乎没有影响,变化幅度在±1.5%之间;籽粒的N、Fe、Zn元素含量普遍呈现下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平。     

Heavy metal and sulphur concentrations in Sphagnum magellanicum brid. In the Maritime Provinces,Canada

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - A regional survey of selected heavy metals and S concentrations in Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. was completed within the Maritime Provinces, Canada. The...     

Trace heavy metals in fucus and P. vulgata along the Glamorgan Heritage Coast,South Wales

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - A study of the occurrence of the heavy metals Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the biological indicator organisms F. vesiculosus and P. vulgata in the Glamorgan Heritage...     

Element distribution of some soils of continental Chile and the Antarctic peninsula. Projection to atmospheric pollution

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - The elemental content of some soils of continental Chile and the Antarctic Peninsula are reported. The elements: Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were...     

Metal Availability and Chemical Properties in the Rhizosphere of Lupinus albus L. Growing in a High-Metal Calcareous Soil

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Chemical processes in the rhizosphere play a major role in the availability of metals to plants. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of white...     

Clay mineral source tracing and characterisation of Burdekin River (NE Australia) and flood plume fine sediment

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The purpose of this study is to define the relative contributions of fine (<10 μm) suspended sediment from tributaries within the Burdekin...     

A survey of yield differences between transgenic and non-transgenic crops

In the current survey, there was no clear evidence that GM (genetically modified) crops are higher yielding than those conventionally bred<fnoteref rid="fn1">1</fnoteref>. Furthermore, there were no trials to support valid comparisons of yield per se. This article investigates GM crop yields, introducing the importance of hybrid vigour and a non-stress environment for higher percentage heritability selection and therefore more productive conventional plant breeding and improved crops. GM technology and crops are compared with proven plant breeding methods, with respect to hybrid vigour and the economic viability of both systems. These proven methods of plant breeding are (1) traditional landrace cropping, (2) conventional Mendelian breeding and (3) Isolection Mendelian breeding, and are also considered historically.