A quantitative review of tebuconazole effect on fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol content in wheat

ABSTRACT A meta-analysis of the effect of tebuconazole (e.g., Folicur 3.6F) on Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol (DON) content of wheat grain was performed using data collected from uniform fungicide trials (UFTs) conducted at multiple locations across U.S. wheat-growing regions. Response ratios (mean disease and DON levels from tebuconazole-treated plots, divided by mean disease and DON levels from untreated check plots) were calculated for each of 139 studies for tebuconazole effect on Fusarium head blight index (IND; field or plot-level disease severity, i.e., mean proportion of diseased spikelets per spike) and 101 studies for tebuconazole effect on DON contamination of harvested grain. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on the log-transformed ratios, and the estimated mean log ratios were transformed to estimate the mean (expected) percent control for IND ( C(IND) ) and DON ( C(DON)). A mixed effects meta-analysis was then done to determine the effects of wheat type (spring versus winter wheat) and disease and DON levels in the controls on the log ratios. Tebuconazole was more effective at limiting IND than DON, with C(IND) and C(DON) values of 40.3 and 21.6%, respectively. The efficacy of tebuconazole as determined by the impact on both IND and DON was greater in spring wheat than in winter wheat (P < 0.01), with a 13.2% higher C(IND) and a 12.4% higher C(DON) in spring wheat than in winter wheat. In general, C(IND) and C(DON) were both at their lowest values (and not significantly different from 0) when mean IND and DON in the controls, respectively, were low (相似文献   

不同杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病和叶锈病的防治效果

为明确不同杀菌剂防治小麦赤霉病和叶锈病的效果,在大田条件下进行了不同杀菌剂对这两种病害的防治试验.对小麦赤霉病的防效结果表明:25％氰烯菌酯SC、20％叶菌唑SC、48％氰烯·戊唑醇SC和200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺SC的防效较好,防效为83.54％～88.92％;其次为400 g/L戊唑·咪鲜胺EW和430 g/L戊唑...     

江苏垦区小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵的抗性监测及其替代杀菌剂的防病效果

近年来的调查结果表明,江苏垦区小麦赤霉病菌群体中抗多菌灵菌株的频率逐年上升,多菌灵防效逐年下降,部分农场采用多菌灵防治几乎失效。为了筛选替代多菌灵的药剂,我们在白马湖等6个农场对几种新杀菌剂进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,25%氰烯菌酯SC、40%叶菌唑SC和25%丙硫菌唑WP在所有农场都有较好的防治效果,其中25%丙硫菌唑WP对小麦赤霉病的防治效果最好,在所有农场其防效都超过80%,防治后乳熟期和成熟期病穗率变化不大。40%叶菌唑SC、25%丙硫菌唑WP以及25%氰烯菌酯SC和43%戊唑醇SC混用有显著增产作用,并能大幅度降低籽粒中DON含量。作者认为赤霉病的防治应立足种植抗(耐)病品种,扬花期选用有效杀菌剂适期进行防治。氰烯菌酯、叶菌唑和丙硫菌唑可作为多菌灵的替代药剂。     

不同杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病及籽粒DON毒素的控制效果

为探明不同杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病和小麦籽粒DON毒素(包括DON、3-ADON和15-ADON)的控制效果, 采用菌丝生长速率法测定了12种药剂对禾谷镰刀菌野生型菌株PH-1的室内活性, 同时采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS)测定了这些药剂对DON毒素的抑制效果, 并开展了小麦赤霉病及籽粒DON毒素的田间防治试验。结果表明, 12种原药对菌丝生长抑制活性强弱依次为氟唑菌酰羟胺>咪鲜胺>戊唑醇>丙硫菌唑>叶菌唑>氰烯菌酯>氟环唑>多菌灵>甲基硫菌灵>吡唑醚菌酯>嘧菌酯>井冈霉素A。氟环唑EC50和EC90离体胁迫均刺激DON毒素产生, 其他杀菌剂EC50和EC90胁迫均抑制DON毒素产生。田间试验结果表明, 200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺SC、30%丙硫菌唑OD和20%叶菌唑WP病指防效和DON防效为87.68%~94.77%; 430 g/L戊唑醇SC、25%氰烯菌酯SC、45%咪鲜胺EW、25%氟环唑SC、50%多菌灵WP和70%甲基硫菌灵WP病指防效和DON防效为57.63%%~85.49%; 250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯EC和250 g/L嘧菌酯SC病指防效分别为72.18%和51.98%, DON防效分别为43.06%和-7.96%; 24%井冈霉素A AS病指防效和DON防效分别为42.37%和62.87%。药剂离体和田间控毒效果不完全一致, 赤霉病有效防控是DON防控的前提, 病害防效与DON防效不完全一致, 本研究为小麦赤霉病及籽粒DON毒素防控提供了科学依据。     

几种杀菌剂防控小麦赤霉病穗腐及籽粒脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)毒素的评价

小麦赤霉病是小麦穗期的主要病害之一。化学防控一直是小麦主产区防控赤霉病的主要措施。为明确几种新型杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病的防效和对小麦籽粒DON毒素含量的影响,于2018年进行了氰基丙烯酸酯类和三唑类杀菌剂单剂及其复配剂对赤霉病的防效试验。结果表明:30%戊唑·多菌灵悬浮剂(SC)1500 mL/hm^2处理对赤霉病病穗防效达92.40%,病指防效达93.20%,小麦籽粒DON毒素检出量较不用药对照降低80.38%;25%氰烯菌酯SC 2000 mL/hm^2处理对赤霉病的病穗防效达86.80%,病指防效达88.78%,小麦籽粒DON毒素检出量较不用药对照降低88.19%;48%氰烯·戊唑醇SC 900 mL/hm^2和40%丙硫·戊唑醇SC 600 mL/hm^2对小麦赤霉病的病穗防效分别为77.20%、78.00%,病指防效分别为80.27%和79.59%,对籽粒DON毒素检出量较不用药对照分别降低73.87%和81.42%。在小麦赤霉病较重发生的情况下,上述4种杀菌剂单剂或复配剂1次用药既能高效控制病情,又能有效控制小麦籽粒DON毒素不超标。本试验研究进一步阐明,氰烯菌酯、戊唑醇、丙硫菌唑等杀菌剂及其复配剂均能有效控制小麦赤霉病的危害,并能有效降低小麦籽粒DON毒素含量;吡唑醚菌酯单剂及其复配剂虽然对小麦赤霉病的病穗和病指防效也较高,但控制小麦籽粒DON毒素含量效果相对较差。研究结果为小麦穗期赤霉病化学防控提供了科学参考。     

24%丙硫 ? 戊唑醇悬浮剂的研制及其对稻麦纹枯病的防治效果

丙硫菌唑是一种新型广谱三唑硫酮类杀菌剂。通过联合效力 (联合毒力) 测定、配方助剂筛选和悬浮剂理化性能指标检测,研制了丙硫菌唑与戊唑醇复配的悬浮剂,并测定了其对水稻、小麦纹枯病的防治效果。结果表明:丙硫菌唑与戊唑醇质量比为2 : 1时对稻麦纹枯病菌具有增效作用,联合效力系数 (共毒系数) 分别为1.91和1.92;24%丙硫 ? 戊唑醇悬浮剂最佳配方 (质量分数) 为:16.0%丙硫菌唑、8.0%戊唑醇、4.0% 分散剂Featdis SCP、3.0% 润湿剂EFW、0.2%黄原胶、1.0%硅酸镁铝和4%乙二醇,水补足至100%。产品经过(54 ± 2) ℃热贮14 d后,悬浮率95.2%,pH值6.9,平均粒径0.71 μm,析水率2.3%,持久起泡性小于25 mL;(0 ± 2) ℃冷贮7 d后,悬浮率94.8%,pH值7.1,平均粒径0.87 μm,持久起泡性小于25 mL,黏度在200~600 mPa·s之间。田间防效测定结果表明,24%丙硫 ? 戊唑醇悬浮剂对水稻、小麦纹枯病均有较好防效,田间施用量 (有效成分) 210 g/hm2和150 g/hm2时,防效分别达89.01%和86.26%。     

Relationship Between Growth and Mycotoxin Production by Fusarium species, Biocides and Environment

Fusarium head blight of cereals has, in recent years, become one of the most important pre-harvest diseases worldwide. This paper examines the in vitro efficacy of fungicides to control Fusarium species in cereals and the efficacy in the field on both Fusarium infection of ripening ears as well as their impact on mycotoxin production. Field studies suggest that fungicides such as tebuconazole and metconazole give good control of both Fusarium infection of ears and control of deoxynivalenol (DON) production. However, azoxystrobin and related fungicides are less effective, and grain from treated crops has sometimes been found to have increased concentrations of DON and nivalenol. Studies of isolates of Fusarium culmorum from different parts of Europe showed that complex interactions occur between environmental factors, fungicide type and isolate in relation to growth inhibition and DON production. These studies confirmed the ineffectiveness of azoxystrobin and suggest that environmental stress factors, particularly water availability and temperature, and low fungicide doses may stimulate mycotoxin production by Fusaria in vitro and in wheat grain.     

禾谷镰孢菌对苯醚甲环唑的敏感性基线及与其他杀菌剂敏感性的相关性分析

由禾谷镰孢菌引起的赤霉病是小麦上的重要病害,可严重影响小麦的产量并降低小麦的品质。苯醚甲环唑属于三唑类杀菌剂,是甾醇脱甲基化抑制剂,具有较高的抑菌活性。采用菌丝生长速率法测定了于2016—2017采集自河南省的107株禾谷镰孢菌对苯醚甲环唑的敏感性。结果表明:苯醚甲环唑对禾谷镰孢菌菌丝的生长具有较强的抑制效果,其有效抑制中浓度(EC₅₀)值范围为0.0128~0.6079 mg/L,符合正态分布,平均EC₅₀值为(0.2239 ± 0.1192) mg/L。因此,这些敏感性数据可以作为河南省禾谷镰孢菌对苯醚甲环唑的敏感性基线。通过对苯醚甲环唑与其他7种杀菌剂氟环唑、多菌灵、氰烯菌酯、氟唑菌酰羟胺、戊唑醇、丙硫菌唑及叶菌唑对20株禾谷镰孢菌的log₁₀ EC₅₀值之间的Spearman’s rho (ρ) 相关性分析发现:苯醚甲环唑与叶菌唑之间具有较低水平的相关性,与其他供试杀菌剂之间无相关性。本研究可为监测河南省禾谷镰孢菌对苯醚甲环唑的抗药性发展和防控小麦赤霉病合理用药提供依据。     

小麦不同生育期施用丙硫菌唑及施用次数对小麦赤霉病及籽粒DON毒素的控制效果

为探明在小麦不同生育期施用新型杀菌剂丙硫菌唑及施用次数对小麦赤霉病及籽粒DON毒素总量[包括脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)?3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3-ADON)?15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(15-ADON)]的控制效果, 2020年-2021年通过田间自然发病和人工接种发病试验的方法, 研究了小麦不同生育期施用丙硫菌唑及施用次数对小麦赤霉病的防效, 并通过液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了不同处理小麦籽粒中对DON毒素总含量?结果表明, 30%丙硫菌唑可分散油悬浮剂(OD)防治2次对小麦赤霉病的防效和对DON毒素的控制效果均显著高于防治1次; 防治2次时, 其首次最佳防治时期为小麦齐穗期至扬花20%, 防效为90.25%~95.13%, 毒素控制效果为77.35%~79.97%?30%丙硫菌唑OD作为防控小麦赤霉病的新型药剂具有良好的应用前景, 本研究为该药剂推广应用于小麦赤霉病及籽粒DON毒素的防控提供了科学依据?     

小麦赤霉病菌对叶菌唑的抗性风险分析

采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了2012–2014年采自我国江苏、安徽、山东和河南4个省份的100株小麦赤霉病菌对叶菌唑的敏感性,并通过室内药剂驯化获得叶菌唑抗性突变体,研究了抗性突变体的适合度及CYP51基因序列和表达量.结果表明:叶菌唑对供试菌株的EC50值范围为0.04～0.51μg/mL,平均EC50值为(0.18±...     

Meta-analysis of regression coefficients for the relationship between fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol content of wheat

ABSTRACT A total of 126 field studies reporting deoxynivalenol (DON; ppm) content of harvested wheat grain and Fusarium head blight index (IND; field or plot-level disease severity) were analyzed to determine the overall mean regression slope and intercept for the relationship between DON and IND, and the influence of study-specific variables on the slope and intercept. A separate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the slope and intercept for each study followed by a meta-analysis of the regression coefficients from all studies. Between-study variances were significantly (P < 0.05) greater than 0, indicating substantial variation in the relationship between the variables. Regression slopes and intercepts were between -0.27 and 1.48 ppm per unit IND and -10.55 to 32.75 ppm, respectively. The overall mean regression slope and intercept, 0.22 ppm per unit IND and 2.94 ppm, respectively, were significantly different from zero (P < 0.001), and the width of the 95% confidence interval was 0.07 ppm per unit IND for slope and 1.44 ppm for intercept. Both slope and intercept were significantly affected by wheat type (P < 0.05); the overall mean intercept was significantly higher in studies conducted using winter wheat cultivars than in studies conducted using spring wheat cultivars, whereas the overall mean slope was significantly higher in studies conducted using spring wheat cultivars than in winter wheat cultivars. Study location had a significant effect on the intercept (P < 0.05), with studies from U.S. winter wheat-growing region having the highest overall mean intercept followed by studies from Canadian wheat-growing regions and U.S. spring wheat-growing regions. The study-wide magnitude of DON and IND had significant effects on one or both of the regression coefficients, resulting in considerable reduction in between-study variances. This indicates that, at least indirectly, environment affected the relationship between DON and IND.     

叶菌唑对轮枝镰刀菌的活性及作用机制

玉米穗腐病是严重的世界性真菌病害,而轮枝镰刀菌Fusarium verticillioide是我国玉米穗腐病的主要致病菌。为明确叶菌唑在我国玉米穗腐病防治中的应用潜力,采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,分别测定了叶菌唑对2019至2021年采自我国山东、河南和江苏3个省份的35株轮枝镰刀菌菌丝生长以及分生孢子形成、萌发和芽管伸长的影响,并测定了该药剂对轮枝镰刀菌产毒(B族伏马毒素,type B fumonisins,FBs)能力及产毒基因表达的影响;通过测定叶菌唑处理后轮枝镰刀菌菌丝麦角甾醇、胞内甘油和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及电导率的变化,探究了其作用机制;同时评价了叶菌唑对田间玉米穗腐病的防治效果。结果显示：叶菌唑对35株轮枝镰刀菌均表现出较强的抑制活性,其对轮枝镰刀菌的菌丝生长以及分生孢子形成、萌发及芽管伸长具有显著的剂量依赖性抑制作用。其中：叶菌唑抑制菌丝生长的EC₅₀值在0.005～0.029μg/mL之间,平均EC₅₀值为(0.012±0.006)μg/mL;EC₅₀浓度的叶菌唑对轮枝镰刀菌分生孢子形成、萌发及芽...     

Protective and curative efficacy of prothioconazole against isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola differing in their in vitro sensitivity to DMI fungicides

BACKGROUND: Septoria leaf blotch is the most important disease of wheat in Europe. To control this disease, fungicides of the 14α‐demethylase inhibitor group (DMIs) have been widely used for more than 20 years. However, resistance towards DMIs has increased rather quickly in recent years. The objective of this study was to evaluate, on plants and under controlled conditions, the protective and curative efficacy of the DMI fungicide prothioconazole against three current isolates of M. graminicola, chosen to belong to different DMI‐resistant phenotypes. Fungicide efficacy was assessed by visual symptoms and by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: With a protective fungicide application, prothioconazole was always effective against each isolate. This was in accordance with the EC₅₀ results. However, curative efficacy differed between the isolates. It remained at a good level, between 60 and 70% against one isolate, whereas it was strongly affected by late applications from 7 days post‐inoculation with the two other isolates. CONCLUSION: A protective application of prothioconazole in wheat crops could be the best strategy to keep a high efficacy against Septoria leaf blotch. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

几种杀菌剂对小麦茎基腐病的防治效果

小麦茎基腐病是小麦上重要的真菌性茎基部病害,在黄淮海冬麦区呈广泛流行态势,对我国小麦生产安全构成严重威胁.本研究评价了不同拌种剂、拔节期喷施杀菌剂以及两者结合使用对小麦茎基腐病的防治效果.药剂拌种防治结果表明:60 g/L戊唑醇FS、25 g/L咯菌腈FS和25％氰烯菌酯SC拌种处理能显著降低苗期病株率,其病株防治效果...     

Relationship between visual estimates of fusarium head blight intensity and deoxynivalenol accumulation in harvested wheat grain: a meta-analysis

ABSTRACT The association between Fusarium head blight (FHB) intensity and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in harvested grain is not fully understood. A quantitative review of research findings was performed to determine if there was a consistent and significant relationship between measures of Fusarium head blight intensity and DON in harvested wheat grain. Results from published and unpublished studies reporting correlations between DON and Fusarium head blight "index" (IND; field or plot-level disease severity), incidence (INC), diseased-head severity (DHS), and Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) were analyzed using meta-analysis to determine the overall magnitude, significance, and precision of these associations. A total of 163 studies was analyzed, with estimated correlation coefficients (r) between -0.58 and 0.99. More than 65% of all r values were >0.50, whereas less that 7% were <0. The overall mean correlation coefficients for all relationships between DON and disease intensity were significantly different from zero (P < 0.001). Based on the analysis of Fisher-transformed r values ( z(r) values), FDK had the strongest relationship with DON, with a mean r of 0.73, followed by IND (r = 0.62), DHS (r = 0.53), and INC (r = 0.52). The mean difference between pairs of transformed z(r) values (z(d) ) was significantly different from zero for all pairwise comparisons, except the comparison between INC and DHS. Transformed correlations were significantly affected by wheat type (spring versus winter wheat), study type (fungicide versus genotype trials), and study location (U.S. spring- and winter-wheat-growing regions, and other wheat-growing regions). The strongest correlations were observed in studies with spring wheat cultivars, in fungicide trials, and in studies conducted in U.S. spring-wheat-growing regions. There were minor effects of magnitude of disease intensity (and indirectly, environment) on the transformed correlations.     

Effect of Dose Rate of Azoxystrobin and Metconazole on the Development of Fusarium Head Blight and the Accumulation of Deoxynivalenol (DON) in Wheat Grain

Glasshouse studies were undertaken to determine if fungicides used for the control of Fusarium head blight (FHB) result in elevated concentrations of the trichothecene mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON) in harvested wheat grain. Metconazole and azoxystrobin, at double, full, half or quarter the manufacturer's recommended dose rate, were applied to ears of wheat (cv. Cadenza), artificially inoculated with conidia of either Fusarium culmorum or F. graminearum. Metconazole demonstrated high activity against both pathogens, reducing significantly the severity of FHB and the DON concentrations at each of the four dose rates tested when compared to untreated controls. Applications of azoxystrobin significantly reduced FHB and DON compared to unsprayed controls. However, their effectiveness was significantly less than that of metconazole and no dose rate response was observed. Quantification of the amount of trichothecene-producing Fusarium present in harvested grain was determined using a competitive PCR assay based on primers derived from the trichodiene synthase gene (Tri5). Simple linear regression analyses revealed strong relationships between the amount of trichothecene-producing Fusarium present in grain and the DON concentrations (r ²=0.72–0.97). It is concluded that fungicides, applied for the control of FHB, affect DON concentrations indirectly by influencing the amount of trichothecene-producing Fusarium species present in wheat grain. There was no evidence that fungicide applications directly increase the concentration of DON in grain.     

不同杀菌剂对小麦叶锈病的防治效果

小麦叶锈病是威胁我国小麦安全生产的重要病害之一,近年来其发生程度有逐年加重的趋势。为了筛选有效的化学防治药剂,对5种杀菌剂进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,5%烯唑醇微乳剂1 000~2 000倍液、430g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂3 000~5 000倍液、10%氟硅唑微乳剂1 500倍液、1 750倍液、20%丙环唑微乳剂400~800倍液、2%武夷菌素水剂300倍液、400倍液试验处理防效均高于50%。从增产效果来看,20%丙环唑微乳剂600倍液的增产率最高,达到42.33%。5%烯唑醇微乳剂2 000倍液,430g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂5 000倍液兼具高防效和高效益(产出/投入),建议推广使用。     

江苏小麦赤霉病综合防控关键技术研究

近年来气候变暖、秸秆还田和赤霉病菌对多菌灵的抗性上升使江苏省小麦赤霉病流行频率提高。本研究通过田间小区试验,对小麦赤霉病的综合防控关键技术进行了比较。试验结果表明,目前赤霉病菌对多菌灵抗药性频率已达60%以上,多菌灵的防效明显下降,低于60%。研究明确了赤霉病的防控适期和防治次数,对淮南、淮北主要小麦品种进行赤霉病自然发病鉴定,并阐述了品种抗性和药剂防治间的互作效应。研究结果揭示,选育推广对小麦赤霉病具有抗性的品种是小麦赤霉病防控的基础,把握适期于小麦扬花期施用非多菌灵类的戊唑醇、氰烯菌酯、丙硫菌唑等其他杀菌剂可有效控制病害的发生。     

戊唑醇种子处理防治小麦纹枯病

种子处理是控制小麦纹枯病的有效措施,在小麦纹枯病的综合治理技术体系中起着举足轻重的作用。在苏南宜兴和淮北徐州,2％戊唑醇湿拌剂和6％戊唑醇悬剂胺10kg麦种拌药0.3-0.4g有效成分,对小麦的出苗没有显著影响,对根系和冬前分蘖具有促进作用。对小麦纹枯病的控制效果较为理想,表现为冬前效果显著,病析率防效60％－100％,从而有效地抑制了冬前发病高峰。戊唑醇处理区拔节期的病情指仍然极显著地低于对照区,亦显著低于对照药剂纹霉净,侵茎高峰明显推迟,最终的枯白穗防效突出,0.3-0.4g ai/10kg种子拌种的枯白穗防效达到85％以上。由于控病和对小麦生长调控的双重作用,保穗、保产效果明显,最终产量较对照增加10％－15％。     

不同药剂拌种对小麦根腐病和孢囊线虫病的防效

 在田间条件下研究了150 g·L^-1苯醚·阿维·吡等10种药剂拌种对小麦根腐病和孢囊线虫病的防治效果。结果表明:30 g·L^-1苯醚甲环唑和60 g·L^-1戊唑醇拌种处理对小麦根腐病防治效果分别为73.9%和66.2%,但二者对小麦孢囊线虫无防治效果;50 g·L^-1阿维菌素和140 g·L^-1阿维·吡拌种处理后,土壤中校正孢囊减退率分别为58.4%和69.2%;使用600 g·L^-1吡虫啉拌种对孢囊线虫未见明显防治效果,但吡虫啉能对阿维菌素的杀线作用有一定增效作用;复配剂150 g·L^-1苯醚·阿维·吡和160 g·L^-1戊·阿维·吡对小麦根腐病和小麦孢囊线虫病防治效果较好,二者对小麦根腐病防治效果分别为75.6%和63.8%,校正孢囊减退率分别为71.3%和74.1%;从增产效果来看,150 g·L^-1苯醚·阿维·吡拌种后小麦增产效果最好,平均产量为7 869.9 kg·hm^-2,增产率为8.6%。综合药剂安全性、防病效果和增产效果,150 g·L^-1苯醚·阿维·吡适合在生产上防治小麦根腐病和孢囊线虫病。