犬腹腔镜结肠固定术

结肠固定术是将结肠和腹壁固定在一起的一种临床手术,它能在结肠和腹壁之间提供稳定的粘连,用于治疗顽固性直肠脱和降结肠扭转[1-2],目前国内外仅限于开腹结肠固定[3-4]。腹腔镜手术发展迅速,与传统手术相比,具有很多优点,术中腹腔脏器显露     

几种麻醉药对驴动脉血气影响的比较研究

目前我国兽医临床多采用保定宁(二甲苯胺噻唑—EDTA)、静松灵(二甲苯胺噻唑)、酒精水合氯醛作为麻醉剂,国内对这三种药物应用研究的报道大部为临床观察,并且以往观察麻醉药对呼吸影响时,多用呼吸数及呼吸式来评价呼吸系统的功能,观察粘膜颜色确定缺氧程度。现在国内外主要用动脉血气分压值作为评定呼吸衰竭的主要指标。鉴于此,本实验主要用血气分析的方法,旨在比较研究保定宁、静松灵及酒精水合氯     

犬结肠积粪的诊治

结肠积粪是犬较常见的消化道疾病。若处理不当，往往预后不良。     

犬结肠双重造影术

对20只本地成年犬进行了结肠双重造影试验.建立了犬结肠双重造影的实施方法.造影剂的剂量以60%(w/v)硫酸钡浆100～200mL、空气100～150mL为宜.利用X线摄片记录了结肠双重造影像,并描述和分析了影像效果.     

犬腹腔镜和开腹肾脏切除术对氧化应激的影响

为了对比腹腔镜和开腹肾脏切除手术对犬机体氧化应激的影响,为腹腔镜手术在兽医领域的发展提供理论依据,试验在犬腹腔镜和开腹组肾脏切除术前及术后即刻、4小时、1天、2天采取静脉血,检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)。结果表明:腹腔镜和开腹肾脏切除术都使MDA含量升高,SOD和GSH-Px水平降低。但是腹腔镜组影响较为迅速,术后4小时与术前相比差异极显著(P<0.01),术后1天就恢复到术前水平;开腹组术后1天才与术前相比差异显著(P<0.05),术后2天也未能恢复到术前水平。说明腹腔镜和开腹肾脏切除术都能造成犬机体氧化应激损伤,但与开腹肾脏切除术相比,腹腔镜手术对动物机体氧化应激损伤轻。     

腹腔镜犬肾脏切除术

本试验旨在应用腹腔镜外科手术技术完成犬肾脏切除术,并从手术对犬循环和呼吸系统机能的影响来全面、客观评价手术安全性。通过麻醉犬的腹侧壁建立3个腹腔镜套管手术通路,在腹腔镜的监视下,完全暴露、分离和结扎肾动脉、肾静脉和输尿管,并剪断,将游离的肾脏装入标本袋后,通过扩大的套管口将肾脏拿出腹腔,完成腹腔镜犬肾脏切除术。在整个手术过程中监测犬的循环和呼吸系统;记录术中和术后并发症,以及术后犬的恢复情况。术后所有犬全部存活,术中和术后没有发生较大的并发症。术后犬疼痛反应轻,饮食欲在1~2 d基本恢复。腹腔镜犬肾脏切除术对犬的循环和呼吸系统功能影响轻微,所有犬都能正常耐受,是一项有效、安全的技术。     

犬腹腔镜与开腹结肠固定术对肝肾功能的影响

动物腹腔镜技术已经被兽医们所接受,其应用范围越来越广,所用来进行的手术操作也趋向于复杂,已经由起初简单的动物腹腔脏器观察与取样,发展到对犬、猫小动物和马、牛等大动物进行临床疾病诊疗和外科手术操作[1].随着临床腹腔镜手术的广泛开展,与之相关的基础研究已经逐渐成为人们关注的焦点.手术对机体的影响不仅是切口创面、解剖平面和器官切除引起的创伤,而其主要问题是术后肝肾功能的影响.     

一例犬股骨骨折内固定术失败病例

通过询问病史、体格检查、影像学检查以及血液检查等方法对一只5月龄中华田园犬的近端股骨骨折进行诊断,应用矫形钢板与螺钉内固定方法对该患犬进行手术治疗。患犬在术后7 d出现了钢板松脱,确认骨折内固定手术失败,后手术取出钢板,采用夹板绷带外固定法并进行药物治疗,2个月后患犬虽然有轻微跛行,但是基本恢复行走,不影响正常生活。详述了该病例的诊疗过程,剖析了内固定手术失败的原因,并结合该病例的治疗过程总结了防止内固定手术失败的方法以及手术失败后的补救方案。     

犬腹腔镜肝部分切除术对肝、肾功能的影响

选择8条健康杂种犬进行腹腔镜下肝部分切除,于麻醉前、术后4h及术后第1、3、5、7、9、11、13、15天采取静脉血进行肝肾功能指标监测.结果显示,天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶及碱性磷酸酶于术后第1天升到高峰;尿酸、尿素氮和肌酐于术后4h即达到高峰;白蛋白和总蛋白略微有所下降,于术后第1天降到最低;而r谷氨酰基转移酶术后变化不大.结果表明,犬腹腔镜肝部分切除术仅仅短期内对肝、肾功能产生影响,且肝、肾功能在术后一段时间内可恢复.     

Cardiorespiratory and blood gas alterations during laparoscopic surgery for intra-uterine artificial insemination in dogs

Cardiorespiratory and blood gas alterations were evaluated in 6 healthy dogs that underwent a laparoscopic procedure using isoflurane anesthesia and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) pneumoperitoneum for 30 min. Heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, venous blood pH, partial pressure of CO(2) and oxygen, oxygen saturation, total carbon dioxide (TCO(2)) and bicarbonate were monitored. Significant alterations were hypercapnia, hypoventilation, and respiratory acidosis.     

Effects of syringe type and storage temperature on results of blood gas analysis in arterial blood of horses

BACKGROUND: Results of arterial blood gas analysis can be biased by pre-analytical factors, such as time to analysis, syringe type, and temperature during storage. However, the acceptable delay between time of collection and analysis for equine arterial blood gas remains unknown. HYPOTHESIS: Dedicated plastic syringes provide better stability of arterial blood gases than multipurpose plastic syringes. ANIMALS: Eight mares, 1 stallion, and 1 gelding, ages 3 to 10 years old. METHODS: Arterial blood samples were collected in a glass syringe, a plastic syringe designated for blood gas collection, and a multipurpose tuberculin plastic syringe. Blood samples were stored at ambient temperature or in iced water. For each sample, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2), and pH were measured within a few minutes of collection and at 5, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after collection. RESULTS: Collection into glass syringes stored in iced water provided adequate PaO2 results for up to 117 +/- 35 minutes, whereas blood collected in either of the plastic syringes resulted in a variation >10 mm Hg after 10 +/- 3 to 17 +/- 2 minutes, depending on the storage conditions. Plastic syringes kept at ambient temperature offered more stability for PaCO2 analysis because they could be stored up to 83 +/- 16 minutes without significant variations. Values of pH did not show variations more than 0.02 for the first hour, irrespectively of storage condition. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Glass syringes placed on ice are preferable for analysis of PaO2. Blood collected in plastic syringes should be analyzed within 10 minutes, irrespective of the storage temperature, to ensure the accuracy of PaO2 values.     

Comparative effects of three different ventilatory treatments on arterial blood gas values and oxygen extraction in healthy anaesthetized dogs

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of invasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and spontaneous breathing (SB) on PaO₂, PaCO₂ and arterial to central venous oxygen content difference (CaO₂-CcvO₂) in healthy anaesthetized dogs.Study designProspective randomized crossover study.AnimalsA group of 15 adult male dogs undergoing elective orchidectomy.MethodsDogs were anaesthetized [buprenorphine, medetomidine, propofol and isoflurane in an air oxygen (FiO₂= 0.5)]. All ventilatory treatments (CPAP: 4 cmH₂O; PCV: 10 cmH₂O driving pressure; PEEP, 4 cmH₂O; respiratory rate of 10 breaths minute^–1 and inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio of 1:2; SB: no pressure applied) were applied in a randomized order during the same anaesthetic. Arterial and central venous blood samples were collected immediately before the start and at 20 minutes after each treatment. Data were compared using a general linear mixed model (p < 0.05).ResultsMedian PaO₂ was significantly higher after PCV [222 mmHg (29.6 kPa)] than after CPAP [202 mmHg (26.9 kPa)] and SB [208 mmHg (27.7 kPa)] (p < 0.001). Median PaCO₂ was lower after PCV [48 mmHg (6.4 kPa)] than after CPAP [58 mmHg (7.7 kPa)] and SB [56 mmHg (7.5 kPa)] (p < 0.001). Median CaO₂-CcvO₂ was greater after PCV (4.36 mL dL^–1) than after CPAP (3.41 mL dL^–1) and SB (3.23 mL dL^–1) (p < 0.001). PaO₂, PaCO₂ and CaO₂-CcvO₂ were no different between CPAP and SB (p > 0.99, p = 0.697 and p = 0.922, respectively).Conclusions and clinical relevanceCPAP resulted in similar arterial oxygenation, CO₂ elimination and tissue oxygen extraction to SB. PCV resulted in improved arterial oxygenation and CO₂ elimination. Greater oxygen extraction occurred with PCV than with CPAP and SB, offsetting its advantage of improved arterial oxygenation. The benefit of invasive CPAP over SB in the healthy anaesthetized dog remains uncertain.     

Laparoscopic-assisted colopexy and sterilization in male dogs: short-term results and physiologic consequences

Objective: To describe laparoscopic‐assisted colopexy and sterilization, and evaluate outcome and effects in healthy male dogs. Study Design: Experimental study. Animals: Male Beagle dogs (n=7). Methods: A laparoscopic‐assisted, extracorporeally sutured colopexy, and sterilization by ligation and section of the testicular vessels and ductus deferens were evaluated 11 weeks after surgery. Ex vivo tensile tests were performed on the colopexy sites and loss of testicular function was assessed by monitoring serum testosterone, and by ultrasonographic and histologic examinations of the testes. Systemic inflammation and potential iatrogenic colonic functional disorders were investigated by monitoring serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) in the perioperative period and from a sulfapyridine (SP) kinetic profile obtained before and 10 weeks after surgery. Results: No intraoperative complications were recorded and clinical outcome was considered fair in all dogs. A mean tensile force of 42 N was required to disrupt colopexies. No relevant postoperative increase in CRP concentrations or changes in SP kinetics were observed. Testicular function was lost. Conclusions: Laparoscopic‐assisted colopexy achieved adhesion of the colon to the abdominal wall and testicular endocrine function and spermatogenesis were eliminated by laparoscopic castration.     

Effects of medetomidine,l‐methadone,and their combination on arterial blood gases in dogs

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of l–methadone on medetomidine–induced changes in arterial blood gases and clinical sedation in dogs.Study designProspective experimental cross–over study (Latin square design).AnimalsFive 1–year–old purpose bred laboratory beagle dogs of both sexes.MethodsEach dog was treated three times: medetomidine (20 μg kg^?1 IV), l–methadone (0.1 mg kg^?1 IV) and their combination. Arterial blood was collected for blood gas analysis. Heart and respiratory rates were recorded, and clinical sedation and reaction to a painful stimulus were scored before drug administration and at various time points for 30 minutes thereafter.ResultsArterial partial pressure of oxygen decreased slightly after medetomidine administration and further after medetomidine/l–methadone administration (range 55.2–86.7 mmHg, 7.4–11.6 kPa, at 5 minutes). A slight increase was detected in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide after administration of l–methadone and medetomidine/l–methadone (42.6 ± 2.9 and 44.7 ± 2.4 mmHg, 5.7 ± 0.4 and 6.0 ± 0.3 kPa, 30 minutes after drug administration, respectively). Arterial pH decreased slightly after administration of l–methadone and medetomidine/l–methadone. Heart and respiratory rates decreased after administration of medetomidine and medetomidine/l–methadone, and no differences were detected between the two treatments. Most dogs panted after administration of l–methadone and there was slight sedation. Medetomidine induced moderate or deep sedation, and all dogs were deeply sedated after administration of medetomidine/l–methadone. Reaction to a noxious stimulus was strong or moderate after administration of methadone, moderate or absent after administration of medetomidine, and absent after administration of medetomidine/l–methadone.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAt the doses used in this study, l–methadone potentiated the sedative and analgesic effects and the decrease in arterial oxygenation induced by medetomidine in dogs, which limits the clinical use of this combination.