浅析云南省九大高原湖泊水污染林业生态治理

云南省九湖治理涉及领域多,"十一五"期间云南省加大了治理资金的投入,共投入治污资金204亿元。九湖水污染综合防治离不开林业生态工程建设项目的实施。文中阐明九湖水污染林业生态治理是社会发展的需要,也是"森林云南"建设、水源涵养和生态文明建设的需要。分析九湖治理中林业部分存在着造林、投资和管理难度大等问题。提出争取独立建设项目,探索新的建设模式,健全管理机制等林业生态建设综合治理对策。     

浅埋、富水隧道初期支护大变形处理方案探讨

以大格拉隧道为例,就富水、浅埋、软弱围岩施工过程中隧道初期支护出现较大变形,侵入二衬空间的问题,分析其产生的具体原因,并提出相应地施工处理措施,以保证结构的稳定和安全。     

“保护云南九大高原湖泊”系列环保宣传活动拉开帷幕

为进一步推动云南九大高原湖泊的综合治理工作，增强广大人民群众对高原湖泊的保护意识，在云南省环境保护局的大力支持下，由云南省环境保护宣传教育中心与云南郎结环保技术工程有限公司、云南世纪风广告公司联合主办的“保护云南九大高原湖泊”系列环保宣传活动拉开帷幕。云南九大高原湖泊治理保护始终是云南省环境保护工作的重点，它直接影响到云南经济发展和社会稳定。由于过去对农村进行环保宣传的力度不够，特别是对湖区的生态环境过度的开发利用，造成了湖泊的环境恶化，制约了当地经济的发展。保护九大高原湖泊环保宣传活动势在必行…     

泥质砂岩地层隧道围岩变形特征及支护施工技术

以红石湾隧道工程为实例,在详细分析变形情况及特点的基础上,提出了几点合适的围岩变形支护控制措施,包括临时支护体系控制围岩变形、提高支护体系整体刚度、加快仰拱、二衬施工进度、施工中减少对围岩的扰动,实施以后取得了良好的控制效果。     

大格拉隧道出口段变形处治技术探讨

介绍了大格拉隧道出口段变形现状,对其成因进行了分析,阐述了解决变形处理方案,最后给出了实施效果。     

杂谷脑隧道冰碛地层塌方治理技术

隧道洞内塌方是比较常见的病害，但不同的塌方成因及治理技术各有不同，文章通过对处于冰碛地层的杂谷脑隧道两处塌方冒顶的处理，对类似的地质条件下隧道开挖技术进行总结，并详细介绍了整个塌方治理及暗洞开挖技术。     

公路隧道浅埋段塌方冒顶的预防与治理

公路隧道开挖穿越地层覆盖较薄的浅埋段时,由于受地质状况的影响和施工方法不当,常会发生隧道塌方和冒顶事故。小的塌方冒顶体几十立方米渣石,大的塌方冒顶体几百立方米,堵塞整个隧道,不但严重的制约了隧道工程进展,同时也危及到洞内施工人员的生命安全,处理既增加工程投资又影响工程进展。隧道开挖初期支护不及时、受雨水和爆破震动影响,引发关键性楔体围岩坠落,造成开挖成洞段塌方冒顶。隧道施工中如何有效预防和处理隧道塌方冒顶,文章以金溪岭隧道为例,就其洞身浅埋段塌方冒顶治理进行研究。     

实木家具开裂变形原因和改进措施

该文通过对家具工厂的调研发现,造成实木家具产生变形开裂的主要原因为设计不合理、干燥设备落后、干燥工艺不成熟、使用方法不当等,在此基础上提出防止实木家具发生开裂变形的改进措施,以期为实木家具质量的改善提供帮助.     

竹材在压缩大变形下的力学行为Ⅱ.微观变形特征

以毛竹小试件为对象,使用显微加栽装置研究了竹材在三个方向的压缩大变形下微观结构的变化特征。研究表明,竹材在径向受压和弦向受压时具有相同的屈服极限,这主要取决于薄壁基本组织在横向具有相同的屈服行为。由于竹材基本组织是传递荷栽的优良基体,竹壁在径向压缩和弦向压缩下具有相同的宏观力学行为,可视为两相纤维复合材料;在轴向压缩大变形下,竹材承栽的主体是竹纤维,轴压屈服极限是横压屈服极限的3倍。     

不同方法治理云南松毛虫效果比较

云南松毛虫是柏木上的主要食叶有害生物,通过比较人工摘茧、氧化乐果治理、灭幼脲治理、白僵菌治理、苏脲I号胶悬剂混合白僵菌治理几种不同方法的治理效果,结果显示;苏脲I号胶悬剂与白僵菌混用是治理云南松毛虫的最好方法,在3龄前幼虫期能较快速有效控制云南松毛虫对柏木的危害,也能长期有效地抑制云南松毛虫大发生。     

不同处理方法对杨树木材压缩变形恢复率的研究

采用加热和水蒸气处理方法对人工林杨树木材进行压缩变形恢复率的研究,目的是为了改善人工林软质木材的材性,提高其尺寸稳定性。结果表明:加热和水蒸气处理都是固定人工林木材压缩变形的有效方法;在处理温度相同时,水蒸气处理方法只需要4 min或8 min,而高温加热处理需要10 h或20 h。水蒸气处理方法更加经济。     

Alley cropping Sesbania sesban (L) Merill with food crops in the highland region of Rwanda

Food production in the densely populated Rwandan highlands is impeded by soil erosion and loss in fertility. Alley cropping leguminous shrubs with food crops on contours is purported to minimize the problem and to provide wood and forage. This study reports the effect of Sesbania prunings plus moderate levels of N and P on bean (Phaseolus sp) and maize (Zea mays) yields in alley cropping. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with split-split plots. Main plots were alley width: 2, 4, 6 and 8 m. Phosphorus (P) at 0, 30 and 60 kg P₂O₅/ha occupied the subplot and nitrogen (N) at 0, 30 and 60 kg/ha were assigned at the sub-sub plot level. No P was applied to maize during the second cropping season. Crop yield in kg/ha included the land space taken by hedgerows. Bean yield in 6 m alleys (1100 kg/ha) was about twice that in 2 m alleys (500 kg/ha). Bean responded to N and P. Optimum alley width and N for bean yield were 6 m and 30 kg/ha, respectively. Cuttings from alley hedgerows provided stakes for climbing beans. Maize responded to N but not to residual P. The highest maize yield came from 8 m alleys with 40 kg/ha, but yields from 8 and 6 m alleys with the same N treatment were not significantly different. Maize plants in middle rows were significantly taller than plants in rows adjacent to hedgerows. Maize rust development showed significant alley width and row position effect. There were significantly fewer uredinia in the Sebania alleys relative to the control plots without shrub hedgerows. Rust development on maize in middle rows was significantly greater than development in border rows.     

山区公路隧道工程综合超前地质预报技术研究

地质超前预报为隧道信息化施工中的重要组成部分,文章结合地质灾害预报技术的研究成果,以地面地质调查法、地质雷达、TSP三种超前地质预报技术为手段,基于系统论的观点提出和建立综合地质预报方法,旨在为隧道工程施工提供更加有效和科学的预报方法和分析方法,为隧道围岩分级提供有价值的参考和借鉴。     

平贝母菌核病的防治研究

对平贝母菌核病的病原菌进行了分离、鉴定，摸清了发病规律；在防治方面筛选出了两种效果较好的药剂，并结合平贝母栽培技术提出了配套的综合治理技术措施。     

云南农村环境污染分区分类创新体系研究

指出了云南省有非常复杂的气候条件,农村环境污染的治理面临着巨大的挑战。主要以农村环境的污染为主题,分别将气候特征、污染特性、环境风险相类似的农村进行同类处理,提出了两级分区(四个一级区和三个二级区)一级分类(五种类型)的云南农村环境污染分区分类治理体系,结果表明:该体系的分区结果可以为云南农村环境污染控制决策提供参考,使农村污染的治理将更加具有针对性。     

Current Research and Development on Deformation and Fixation of Bended Wood and Wood-based Comnosites

There are many advantages of bended wood, such as good-looking shape, simple process and low cost. The product, however, is easy to get recovery, which is urgent to be dealt with. This paper concludes the features of deformation and recovery of bended wood and wood-based composites and summarizes four treating methods to keep dimensional stability. Compared to bended solid wood, some elementary perspectives on the research of bended wood-based composites are presented. The purpose of this paper is to suggest： 1） to investigate the optimum heating time and temperature that bended wood and wood-based composites need from the formation of deformation to the recovery and to the permanent fixation, according to its changes of dimensional stability such as curvature radius; 2） to measure the composites comprised of wood and adhesives on the changes of stress relaxation, dynamic viscoelasticity and crystallization field; 3） to quantitatively analyze changes of the major components in wood cell wall polymers as well as the composites under heat/steam treatment and untreated conditions. It will be helpful for subsequent research to clarify on the mechanisms of permanent fixation of bended wood and also contribute to that of wood-based composites.     

Current Research and Development on Deformation and Fixation of Bended Wood and Wood-based Composites

There are many advantages of bended wood,such as good-looking shape,simple process and low cost.The product,however,is easy to get recovery,which is urgent to be dealt with.This paper concludes the features of deformation and recovery of bended wood and wood-based composites and summarizes four treating methods to keep dimensional stability.Compared to bended solid wood,some elementary perspectives on the research of bended wood-based composites are presented.The purpose of this paper is to suggest:1)to investigate the optimum heating time and temperature that bended wood and wood-based composites need from the formation of deformation to the recovery and to the permanent fixation,according to its changes of dimensional stability such as curvature radius;2)to measure the composites comprised of wood and adhesives on the changes of stress relaxation,dynamic viscoelasticity and crystal1ization field;3)to quantitatively analyze changes of the major components in wood cell wall polymers as well as the composites under heat/steam treatment and untreated conditions.It will be helpful for subsequent research to clarify on the mechanisms of permanent fixation of bended wood and also contribute to that of wood-based composites.     

滇东北竹林生态旅游发展研究

在对云南省昭通市竹林生态旅游资源和旅游区位优势评价、分析的基础上,研究提出了近期、中期和远期发展规划的建设目标、建设内容及建设范围,并就3条可能的竹林生态旅游线路进行了探讨。     

木材湿热软化径向压缩变形特征研究进展

压缩变形特征是压缩木研究的重要内容。文中针对木材湿热软化径向压缩变形,从压缩变形的影响因素、压缩变形位置对其力学性能的影响和压缩变形固定3个方面综述国内外研究进展,包括树种、生长轮构造和压缩工艺对木材压缩变形的影响,压缩变形位置对力学性能的影响,以及热处理对压缩变形的影响,指出木材湿热软化径向压缩研究中关于压缩变形需要继续解决的主要问题以及发展方向,以期为湿热软化径向压缩木材的进一步研究和应用提供参考。     

A new apparatus for measuring the gas diffusion coefficient in soil using a large sample and controlling soil water suction

A new apparatus that determines the gas diffusion coefficient in soil after establishing steady state gas conditions was developed. The CO₂ concentration is kept constant above and below the soil sample to establish the steady state conditions. The sample column is 60 cm long with an inner diameter of 20 cm. The gas diffusion coefficients of sandy soil were measured at 10 cm intervals using this apparatus while controlling the soil water content. The ratios of gas diffusion coefficients in soil and air,D _s/D₀, with different soil water conditions were determined. A part of this paper was presented at the 110th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society (1999).