五味子叶枯病病原菌鉴定

 The pathogen causing leaf blight on Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. was isolated from diseased leaf. Based on morphological characteristics and pathogenicity test, the pathogen was identified as Alternaria tenuissima (Fr.) Wiltshire. This is the first report of this fungus infecting S. chinensis.     

阔叶十大功劳炭疽病初报

 A new leaf spot disease of Mahonia healei was found in Guangxi China, which was one of the limitations for the growth of M. healei. Based on the morphology, pathogenicity and the analysis of sequences of ribosome rDNA-ITS, the pathogen of M. healei anthracnose disease was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.)Sacc.     

番茄叶片漆腐病病原菌鉴定

 A new leave disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) was observed in polyethylene film-covered greenhouse in Beijing, China. This disease spreaded rapidly in the greenhouse and caused serious loss of the production of tomatoes. In the study, a fungal strain isolated from the lesion was confirmed to be pathogen for this new disease, and identified as Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Ft. based on the morphology, cultural characters on PDA plate and sequence analysis of ribosomal DNA-ITS. This is the first report of myrothecium leaf spot on tomato occurring in commercial greenhouse in China.     

荆芥茎枯病病原菌的分离与鉴定

 The pathogen causing stem blight was isolated from diseased stem of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.. Based on rDNA-ITS analysis, morphological characteristic and pathogenicity test, the pathogen was identified as Phytophthora nicotianae.     

苦瓜青枯病病原菌的鉴定

 Balsam pear bacterial wilt was observed in Nanning, Guangxi, China. Based on bacteriological identification, pathogenicity tests and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, the pathogen was identified as Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. This is the first report of R. solanacearum causing bacterial wilt on balsam pear in China.     

广西黑皮冬瓜疫病的病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

 Isolate PD1 of Phytophthora was isolated from diseased black pericarp wax gourd in Guangxi in 2005. The morphological and biological characters of the isolate were examined, and its sequence of ribosomal DNA-ITS was analyzed. The range of growth temperature of the isolate was 10-37℃ and the optimal one was 31℃. The pathogen was sensitive to 10 mg/kg of malachite green, and its ability for starch utilization was weak. A wide host range of the pathogen was confirmed by artificial inoculation. The sizes of sporangia were (37.5-71.7) μm×(20.8-47.5) μm (av. 55.0 μm×30.4 μm). Microcycle conidiation of the pathogen was observed. The pathogen was identified as Phytophthora drechsleri Tucker based on its morphological and biological characters as well as ribosomal DNA-ITS sequence.     

基于小麦白粉病菌rDNA ITS序列的PCR分子检测

 Wheat powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici) is the one of main wheat diseases in China.Based on the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequences of ribosome of B.graminis f.sp.tritici,three molecular primer pairs(F1/R,F2/R and F3/R) were designed to detect the fungal pathogen of wheat powdery mildew.The species specificity of these primers was confirmed.F1/R was demonstrated a higher sensitivity than the other two primer pairs,and could detect as low as 1 pg DNA of B.graminis f.sp.tritici.Furthermore,F1/R primer pair was used to detect the pathogen DNA extracted from wheat leaves showing chlorosis and typical symptoms of powdery mildew caused by artificial inoculation with B.graminis f.sp.tritici.The preliminary results demonstrated the usefulness of this primer pair and its potential applications in efficient detection of wheat powdery mildew pathogen from leaves with latent infections at early growth stages of wheat.     

罗汉果青枯病病原菌株的鉴定

 The pathogen of Siraitia grosvenorii wilt was identified.Six strains were isolated from diseased plants of S.grosvenorii collected from Yongfu County in Guangxi.By using bacteriological identification,pathogenicity tests assay,16S rDNA sequence analysis,the S.grosvenorii wilt was caused by Ralstonia solanacearum.The results of pathogenicity and carbohydrate utilized test demonstrated that the pathogen belonged to race 1 and biovarⅢ of R.solanacearum.     

稻瘟病菌激发子诱导非寄主植物的抗病效果

 Hyphal cell wall crude elicitor(CWE)of rice blast pathogen could induce hypersensitive response in tobacco and induce other nonhost plants to be resistant to other fungal pathogens.When corn was treated with CWE,they inhibited the infection of Exserohilum turcicum and Curvularia lunata,and when plants of capsicum and cucumber were treated with CWE,they inhibited the infection of Colletotrichum gloeospori-oides.CWE solution showed no bioactivity on spore germination and hyphal growth of the experiment fungi in vitro.Nonhost resistance induced by CWE to other fungal pathogens was not complete resistance.The induced resistant effect(IRE) increased as CWE concentration increased,however,IRE had somehow satura-ted concentration of CWE.Induced nonhost resistance by incompatible pathogen was quantitative to other compatible pathogens.The induced resistance was best at 2 or 3 d after CWE treatment,and then decreased.IRE was about 20 percent in 10 d after CWE treatment.     

川芎茵核病的症状及病原菌鉴定

 Symptoms of sclerotinia stem rot of Ligusticum chuanxiong were observed and the causal agent of the disease was identified. The results showed that the symptoms of this disease began with the formation of dark brown hygrophanous splotch on the basal leaves, followed by the appearance of dark brown circular spot on the basal stem. Finally, the whole plant stoped growing and died. White mycelium and/or sclerotia were formed under moisturized conditions. On PDA medium, the pathogen of this disease formed brown sclerotia with various shapes and 2-5 mm in diameter. The diameter of apothecia was 0.3-0.8 cm and the length of stipes was 2-8 cm. Asci were columniform in shape and (100-135)×9μm in size, each containing 8 ascospores sized by (6-12) μm×(3-7)μm. No asexual spore formation was observed. Based on the morphological characteristics and the sequence of ribosomal DNAITS, the pathogen was identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary.     

苍术黑斑病菌(Alternaria tenuissima)生物学特性研究

从苍术黑斑病叶片上分离得到黑斑病病原菌[Alternaria tenuissima (Kunze) Wiltshire],对其生物学特性进行了研究。研究结果表明,病菌菌丝在15～35℃都能生长,最适温度为25℃;pH在4～11都能生长,最适pH为6.0～7.0。在Czapek培养基上,病原菌以葡萄糖和甘露醇为碳源生长最好,以硝酸钾为氮源生长最佳。30%苯醚甲.丙环乳油和10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂对菌丝生长有很好的抑制效果,而75%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂和75%百菌清可湿性粉剂对菌丝生长的抑制效果较差。     

杨树角斑病病原菌分离及其培养特性研究

对杨树角斑病菌进行分离和鉴定,并研究不同培养条件对其培养特性的影响,以获得病原菌的纯培养并筛选出最佳培养条件,为杨树角斑病防治提供理论参考。分别采用组织和单孢分离法分离病原菌,根据子实体形态和病菌rDNA ITS序列对其进行鉴定。观察不同培养基、温度、光照、pH对病原菌生长的影响。结果表明,自然条件下,用杨树角斑病菌的分生孢子分离较病组织分离易成功。根据病菌的形态特征和rDNA ITS序列分析,将病菌鉴定为柳假尾孢[Pseudocercospora salicina(Ell.&Ev.)Deighton]。培养基、温度、光照、pH等因素影响病菌在培养基上的生长。燕麦培养基、pH6～7、25℃、黑暗条件是适合的培养条件。     

嘧菌酯对扁豆纹枯病的物理作用方式及其生物动力学特性

以多菌灵和福美双为对照药剂,测定了嘧菌酯对立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani的抑制活性,并用离体叶片法测定了嘧菌酯对该病原菌引起的扁豆纹枯病的物理作用方式及其生物动力学特性。嘧菌酯、多菌灵和福美双对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长的EC50值分别为0.072 4、1.134 4和1.202 6 μg/mL。施药后立即接种, 250 μg /mL嘧菌酯、500 μg /mL多菌灵和1 000 μg /mL福美双对扁豆纹枯病的保护效果分别为95.61％、99.88％和81.45％;施药3 d后再接种,嘧菌酯、多菌灵和福美双对扁豆纹枯病的保护效果分别为92.27％、100％和46.96％;接种36 h后再施药,3种药剂对扁豆纹枯病的治疗效果分别为90.40％、95.75％和61.94％。表明嘧菌酯对扁豆纹枯病具有很好的保护作用、持效性和治疗作用。在叶片基部施药后在顶部接种,嘧菌酯、多菌灵和福美双对扁豆纹枯病的防治效果分别为87.81％、42.09％和7.24％;在叶片背面施药后在正面接种,3种药剂对扁豆纹枯病的保护效果分别为87.30％、37.00％和16.15％。表明嘧菌酯在扁豆叶片中具有很好的木质部输导和跨层转移活性。     

三叶木通叶斑病病原菌鉴定

叶斑病是三叶木通生长过程中一种严重的病害.为明确引起叶斑病的病原,从三叶木通人工栽培基地叶斑病样本上分离病原菌,对病原菌进行致病性测定、显微形态与分子鉴定.结果表明,三叶木通叶斑病病原菌为链格孢属细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima).     

引起甜樱桃叶斑病的葡萄座腔菌的鉴定

欧洲甜樱桃(Prunus avium L.)又名大樱桃,其色鲜味美,成熟期早,具有较高的经济价值.近年来我国甜樱桃种植面积逐年增加,伴随的病害问题也愈加凸显[1,2].叶斑病是樱桃上发生普遍,且最严重的病害之一,直接影响叶片的光合作用[3,4],削弱树势,致使樱桃产量和品质降低,经济损失严重.国际上报道的樱桃叶斑病的病...     

三种苗前除草剂对茅苍术杂草防治效果及安全性评价

为了筛选出防效好、残留少且对环境影响较小的茅苍术苗前除草剂,选取常用的3种苗前除草剂乙草胺、乙氧氟草醚和二甲戊灵,研究其除草效果,对叶绿素荧光参数的影响,农药残留情况及其对土壤微生物真菌和细菌群落的影响。结果表明,乙草胺的除草效果较好,株防效和鲜重防效都达到了80%以上,对茅苍术叶绿素荧光参数影响较小,农残较少,对土壤细菌和真菌群落无显著性影响;乙氧氟草醚和二甲戊灵对叶绿素荧光参数有影响,短时间内有一定的土壤农残。综合防效和安全性,优选乙草胺作为茅苍术的苗前除草剂。     

Apical leaf necrosis and leaf nitrogen dynamics in diseased leaves: a model study

Apical leaf necrosis is a physiological process related to nitrogen (N) dynamics in the leaf. Pathogens use leaf nutrients and can thus accelerate this physiological apical necrosis. This process differs from necrosis occurring around pathogen lesions (lesion-induced necrosis), which is a direct result of the interaction between pathogen hyphae and leaf cells. This paper primarily concentrates on apical necrosis, only incorporating lesion-induced necrosis by necessity. The relationship between pathogen dynamics and physiological apical leaf necrosis is modelled through leaf nitrogen dynamics. The specific case of Puccinia triticina infections on Triticum aestivum flag leaves is studied. In the model, conversion of indirectly available N in the form of, for example, leaf cell proteins ( N ₂( t )) into directly available N ( N ₁( t ), i.e. the form of N that can directly be used by either pathogen or plant sinks) results in apical necrosis. The model reproduces observed trends of disease severity, apical necrosis and green leaf area (GLA) and leaf N dynamics of uninfected and infected leaves. Decreasing the initial amount of directly available N results in earlier necrosis onset and longer necrosis duration. Decreasing the initial amount of indirectly available N, has no effect on necrosis onset and shortens necrosis duration. The model could be used to develop hypotheses on how the disease-GLA relation affects yield loss, which can be tested experimentally. Upon incorporation into crop simulation models, the model might provide a tool to more accurately estimate crop yield and effects of disease management strategies in crops sensitive to fungal pathogens.     

茄子棒孢叶斑病病原菌鉴定及致病性研究

 本研究对茄子棒孢叶斑病的症状进行系统的描述,采用致病性试验、形态学观察及分子生物学的方法对茄子棒孢叶斑病的病原菌进行鉴定。致病性试验证实病原菌对茄子的致病力显著高于黄瓜。显微观察发现同一病原菌在茄子上形成的孢子以圆柱形为主,孢子体较窄;而在黄瓜上形成的孢子具有圆柱形和倒棍棒形两种形态,且较宽。对病原菌rDNA ITS区进行PCR扩增和序列测定。综合形态特征、致病力和分子序列分析结果,确定茄子棒孢叶斑病病原菌为Corynespora cassiicola。     

南宁市桑白粉病病原菌种类鉴定

桑白粉病是桑树的重要病害,分为桑里白粉病和桑表白粉病。通过形态特征观察和ITS、D1/D2序列分析,明确桑里白粉病的病原菌为桑生球针壳Phyllactinia moricola;桑表白粉病的病原菌为桑白粉菌Erysiphe mori。桑钩丝壳Uncinula mori是桑白粉菌的异名。