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探讨稻飞虱迁入初期成虫空间分布格局和抽样技术,为该害虫的准确抽样调查和有效防治提供依据.选取11块稻田逐丛调查资料,应用聚集度指标法、Iwao法和Talyor幂法则,研究了广东西南部稻飞虱迁入初期成虫空间分布格局和抽样技术.结果表明,稻飞虱迁入初期成虫在田间分布呈聚集分布为主,其聚集强度随虫口密度增加而增强.m*-m回归分析表明,稻飞虱成虫个体间相互排斥,分布的基本成分是个体群.Taylor幂法则分析表明,稻飞虱成虫个体的空间格局随着种群密度的提高越趋聚集分布.在此基础上提出了理论抽样数和序贯抽样模型:n=(1.96/D)2(0.965 1/x-+0.619 7)和Tn=0.965 1/(D02-0.619 7/n). 相似文献
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1987年我国南方稻区稻飞虱发生量大、迁入早、峰次多、范围广、增殖系数高、暴发危害期长,这些均属历史上罕见。本文从气象因素分析导致如此大发生的原因是:1.暖冬少雨,有利于飞虱越冬;2.副热带高压强度偏强,位置春季偏北夏季偏南、持续西伸,有利于稻飞虱迁入;3.凉夏暖秋、夏秋多雨,有利于一季稻飞虱增殖;4.5月份温暖多雨,有利于早稻飞虱数量激增。 相似文献
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2012年又是稻飞虱大发生的一年,为了进一步摸清稻飞虱发生为害特点及规律,为下一步防治稻飞虱害虫探讨最佳防治方案,特总结如下:
1发生特点
1.1迁入早
今年灯下见虫为5月6日,比一般年份早15d ~ 20d,比去年早32d,属偏早年份.迁入偏早稻飞虱可多繁殖一代,危害多一代,大大增加主害代虫源基数.
1.2迁入量大
5月7日全市普查,均见白背飞虱、百蔸虫量平均30头,往年田间零星见虫,百蔸虫量不足5头.
1.3迁入范围广
5月21日全市普查,全市主产水稻乡镇均见白背飞虱,往年5月份仅在我市西部顾家店、白洋等镇见虫. 相似文献
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2013年襄阳市稻飞虱发生情况复杂,田间虫量差别悬殊、区域差异极大,呈现出前期(3代)偏轻,后期(4代)偏重;东北部偏轻,西南部偏重;白背飞虱偏轻,褐飞虱偏重的发生特点.分析原因,气候条件是关键影响因素.台风对稻飞虱的迁入影响明显,夏季异常高温、持续干旱抑制了3代稻飞虱的发生,入秋早,有利于第4代稻飞虱的暴发,阵性降雨和灌溉条件的差异是造成稻飞虱发生区域差异大的主要影响因素.此外,后期迁入虫量大,褐飞虱比率高,是导致4代稻飞虱暴发的内因. 相似文献
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合浦县是稻飞虱迁飞的经过路径.县内水稻稻飞虱以第3、第5、第6代为主害代.但近年来,稻飞虱为害逐年加重,呈现出非主害代为害也严重的趋势.2008年合浦县第2代稻飞虱迁入量大,为历年罕见. 相似文献
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2005年广西稻飞虱发生为害特点及成灾原因分析 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
稻飞虱是广西水稻的主要害虫,全区各稻区普遍遭受其危害,2005年全区达中等偏重局部大发生程度,部分稻区发生为害严重,个别田块出现了“落窝穿顶”现象。据统计,全区年发生面积达140·4万hm2次,占种植面积67·7%,防治面积154·8万hm2次,经防治后挽回损失63·5万t,实际损失6·6万t。与常年相比,稻飞虱迁入期属偏早年份,迁入峰次多,峰期长,迁入面广虫量多,田间主害期增多,虫口密度高,晚稻后期发生面积广、密度高,为近年所罕见。1稻飞虱发生为害特点1·1发生面积大、为害严重。广西稻飞虱年发生面积在20世纪90年代前期约为120万hm2次,90年代中后… 相似文献
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2012年重庆地区稻飞虱发生原因与防控对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2012年重庆地区水稻生育期延迟、稻飞虱迁入时间早、迁入虫量大和环境条件有利于稻飞虱的繁殖与为害。分析2012年稻飞虱大发生的原因,并提出行之有效的防控措施。 相似文献
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新疆奇台县近42a气候变化特征分析 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
根据新疆奇台县气象站的气温及降水资料,利用线性趋势函数及M ann-kendall突变检测法分析了该地区近42年的气候变化。结果表明:年平均气温与极端最低气温均呈上升趋势,而极端最高气温呈下降趋势;年降水量呈上升趋势。从季节变化来看,除夏季平均气温呈下降趋势,其它各季平均气温均呈上升趋势,其中以冬季增幅最大,秋季次之;各季降水均呈上升趋势,其中以夏季增幅最大,冬季次之。年平均气温未发生突变,而年降水量在1984年发生由少向多的突变。对气温和降水的异常分析得出,暖温年多发生在上世纪80年代后,冷温年多发生在上世纪60、70年代;多雨年主要在近20年,少雨年则多在上世纪60、70年代。此外,该县近42 a来增暖幅度小于全疆和北疆;增湿幅度大于全疆,小于北疆。 相似文献
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综述了我国苜蓿主要病害的分布和危害、病原学、发生规律、抗性种质材料的遗传筛选和鉴定及综合防治等方面的主要研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向和发展目标。 相似文献
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Cees Waalwijk Pieter Kastelein Ineke de Vries Zoltan Kerényi Theo van der Lee Thamara Hesselink Jürgen Köhl Gert Kema 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):743-754
The re-emergence of fusarium head blight throughout the world and especially in Western Europe prompted a survey of the situation in the Netherlands. To allow for a high throughput screening of large numbers of samples, a diagnostic PCR method was developed to detect the most common species of Fusarium occurring on wheat. Seven primer pairs were tested for their ability to identify isolates of Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, F. proliferatum and Microdochium nivale var. majus and M. nivale var. nivale. Each primer pair only generated a PCR product with the corresponding Fusarium species and all PCR fragments had different molecular sizes. This allowed the generation of these amplicons using a mixture of all seven primer pairs. The robustness of this multiplex PCR encouraged us to screen a large series of isolates collected in 2000 and 2001. In both years 40 fields were sampled leading to a collection of 209 isolates from 2000 and 145 isolates from 2001. The results of the multiplex PCR demonstrated that F. graminearum was the most abundant species in the Fusarium complex on wheat in both years. This is in sharp contrast to reports from the 1980s and early 1990s, which found F. culmorum as the predominant species. Primers derived from the tri7 and tri13 genes, which are implicated in the acetylation and oxygenation of the C-4 atom of the backbone of the trichothecene molecule, were used to discriminate between deoxynivalenol and nivalenol (NIV) producers. The populations of F. culmorum and F. graminearum both showed a slight increase in NIV-producers in 2001. 相似文献
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弹状病毒含有单链负义RNA基因组,寄主范围比较广泛,能侵染无脊椎动物、脊椎动物以及植物等寄主,对人类的健康、农作物产量和自然生态系统造成严重威胁。植物弹状病毒主要根据复制场所分为细胞质弹状病毒属Cytorhabdovirus和细胞核弹状病毒属Nucleorhabdovirus,其基因组由单股负链RNA组成。此外,Dichorhavirus和Varicosavirus病毒属是两个新鉴定的植物弹状病毒属,其特征是具有二分体基因组。本文着重介绍危害我国农作物的几类植物弹状病毒,对它们的病理学、病害流行、基因组信息以及传播媒介进行概述,为中国植物弹状病毒病害的研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Variation in pesticide residues in space and time has not been investigated systematically in spite of the large variability found at single scales (e.g. between trees or orchards). Information on variability at different scales will support the development of sampling methods and more reliable prediction of residues. Experiments were conducted to quantify the spatiotemporal variability in initial spray deposit on apple leaves and fruit using a substitute tracer (zinc EDTA chelate). Five hierarchical spatial scales were defined as (1) between orchards, (2) between plots within an orchard, (3) between trees within a plot, (4) between zones within a tree and (5) between leaves/fruit within a zone. Similarly, two temporal scales were defined as (1) between applications within a single year and (2) between years. The initial zinc concentration was approximately log-normally distributed; the variability in initial deposit concentration was greater on leaves than on fruit. The average initial zinc deposition was significantly greater in the top and outside zones than in the middle zones within individual trees. The most important scale for driving residue variability is the within-zone unit-to-unit variation, contributing to 71 and 49% of the observed variability for leaf and fruit samples respectively. Variability at other scales was related to the variation in the tree architecture. The results indicated that stratified sampling on the basis of within-tree zone structures, with the effort focused on within-zone sampling, should be used for the determination of pesticide residues. 相似文献