凝固型调配酸奶的开发研究

本文通过正交试验进行了以奶粉、白糖和食品添加剂为原料, 生产凝固型调配酸奶的试验研究。结果表明, 在牛奶中加入８ ％ 的蔗糖, ０ ．５０ ％ 的ＣＭＣ, ０ ．２０ ％ 的琼脂, ０ ．８０ ％的乳化剂（ 单甘酯： 蔗糖酯＝ １ ∶１） , ０ ．０５ ％ 的改良剂（ 三聚磷酸钠） , ０ ．４０ ％ 的柠檬酸和１ｐｐｍ的香精, 可调配出令人满意的调配型酸奶。     

久治县畜间布氏杆菌病监测初探

应用血清学学和病原学诊断方法，对久治县的畜间布病进行监测。监测结果表明：牛、羊血清学的阳性率与1990年考核结果相比无显著差异（P＞0.05）；在病原学方面分离出2株布氏菌，经鉴定为牛种布氏菌，其中1株是从羊流产病料中分离出的，确定为牛种布氏菌第3生物型，从而证实我省畜间布病存在储存宿主转移现象。     

鹅源大肠埃希菌的分离与鉴定

从临盏床疑似大肠埃希菌感染的病雏鹅的组织分离到31株细菌,通过培养特性和生化试验确定其中27株为大肠埃希菌。血清学试验表明,其中7株（25．93％）为026型,6株（22．22％）为078型,4株（14．81％）为01型,3株（11．11％）为018型,2株（7．41％）为0117型,5株（18．52％）未能定型。应用PCR方法检测了27株大肠埃希菌的F1菌毛与毒力岛HPI基因,结果表明24株（88．89％）为F1^＋大肠埃希菌,7株（25．939／5）为HPI^＋大肠埃希菌（其中4株为F1^＋）。药敏试验表明,所有菌株均对头孢唑林、呋喃妥因敏感,部分菌株对庆大霉素、环丙沙星敏感,而对多黏菌素、四环素、林可霉素均为耐药。     

微生物复合菌添加剂对山羊育肥效果的试验

采用自配含多株复合菌的反刍家畜饲用微生物添加剂与山羊补饲精料进行２４ｈ发酵处理后饲喂,在饲养管理和基础日粮相同的条件下,试验组比对照组提高增生率１２．３％（ｐ〈０．０５）。     

畜禽腹泻与空肠弯曲菌感染的相关性分析

对465只（头）健康和腹泻畜禽的直肠和泄殖腔拭子及108份腹泻死亡畜禽的脏器材料进行空肠弯曲菌培养,并分析畜禽腹泻与该菌感染的关系,腹泻死亡后备蛋鸡的带菌率（93．3％）明显高于腹泻后备蛋鸡（53．3％）（P＜0．005）,腹泻后备收鸡的带菌率又明显高于健康后备收鸡（22．0％）（P＜0．001）,表明后备蛋主其腹泻死亡与该菌感染相关,腹泻仔猪的带菌率很高（88．0％）也提示该菌感染与仔猪腹泻存在一定关系。在腹泻死亡畜禽肠道内,腔弯曲菌在大肠和小肠的检测出率分别为91．7％和39．0％,检出率差异极显著（P＜0．001）,即显示该菌主要感染部位可能为腹泻畜禽的大肠。351株不同动物来源空肠弯曲菌的生物学分型结果表明,分布在各种动物体的主为主（90．4％）,或其比例升高（48．1％）,健康鸡与腹泻鸡的生物型分布有差异（P＜0．05）,提示生物型Ⅱ在致畜腹泻中起一定作用,另外,同一动物体内可有该菌的2个生物型分布。     

反刍家畜对钾需求量的试验

反·刍·家·畜·对·钾·需·求·量·的·试·验○上海市牛奶公司饲料分公司饲料研究中心（２００４３５）王光文译钾是植物和动物所必需的矿物质，反刍家畜（牛和绵羊）对钾的需要量是单胃家畜的２倍（平均为饲料干物质的０．７％－０．８％）。这是因为反刍家畜是长期...     

海南藏羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对海南州９０只藏羊的红细胞钾型进行了研究。结果：高钾型羊６３只（７０％），低钾型羊２７只（３０％），Ｋｈ和ＫＬ等位基因频率分别为０．８３６７和０．１６３３     

三角城藏羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度测定法对青海省三角城种羊场１０１只藏羊的红细胞钾型进行了研究，结果发现高钾型羊８０只（７９．２１％），低钾型羊２１只（２０．７９％），Ｋ￣ｂ和Ｋ￣Ｌ等位基因频率分别为０．８９００和０．１１００，同时还讨论了藏羊红细胞钾型与血红蛋白型的关系。     

微生物处理小麦秸作为生长肥育牛饲料的营养价值

本试验对微生物处理小麦秸作为生长肥育牛饲料的营养价值进行了研究。利用含有乳酸菌、纤维分解菌和丙酸菌的复合冻干菌剂处理小麦秸（ 并添加１ ％ 尿素） ,使麦秸的粗蛋白含量提高７８ ．８ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．００３） ,中性洗涤纤维（ＮＤＦ） 、酸性洗涤纤维（ＡＤＦ） 、纤维素和半纤维素含量分别下降４ ．８ ％（Ｐ＜ ０ ．００２） 、４ ．５ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０４１） 、５ ．７ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．００５） 和５ ．２ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０２７） 。生物处理提高了小麦秸的乳酸、乙、丙、丁酸含量和与发酵有关的微生物数量,并使处理秸秆的干物质、有机物质和ＮＤＦ 消化率分别提高了１１ ．２ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１７） 、１０ ．１ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１６） 和１２ ．０ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１２） 。用微生物处理的小麦秸饲喂生长肥育牛使肉牛秸秆进食量、日增重和饲料转化率分别提高１９ ．４ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） 、２２ ．９ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） 、９ ．６ ％（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０２３） ,并使其单位增重的饲料成本降低１３ ．９ ％     

新疆奎屯垦区人,畜弓浆虫病血清学调查报告

本文就新疆奎屯垦区人，畜间弓浆虫病进行了血清学调查。结果表明：垦区人间弓浆虫病血清学阳性感染率为０．８９％；畜间弓浆虫病血清学阳性率为４．８９％，其中，牛为１．６６％；羊为６．１５％；猪为４．８３％。并就垦区内该病血清学阳性感染情况与区内外进行了对比分析，就垦区内家畜弓浆虫病的分布进行了分析讨论，提出了今后的防治意见。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …